Insulating shutters - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:53, 20 December 2022

2022-12-20T06:53:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:53, 20 December 2022
Line 70:		Line 70:
	* Window.		* Window.

−	= External ~~links~~ =	+	= External references =

−	[https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/]	+	* [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/]
−		+	* [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary]
−	[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary]	+	* [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/]
−		+	* [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house]
−	[https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/]	+	* [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab]
−		+	* [https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm]
−	[https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house]	+
−		+
−	[https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab]	+
−		+
−	[https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm]	+

	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]]		[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Designing Buildings at 06:52, 20 December 2022

2022-12-20T06:52:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:52, 20 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg]]		[[File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg]]

−	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer ~~Europe~~ climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !	+	= The development of shutters =
		+
		+	Shutters, both internally fitted and externally fitted, were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer European climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.
		+
		+	Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective thermal element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all!

	[[File:N11_sash_windows%2C_Window_shutter_carving_detail%2C_Altit_Fort%2C_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_%28page_1%29.jpg\|link=File:N11_sash_windows,_Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort,_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]]		[[File:N11_sash_windows%2C_Window_shutter_carving_detail%2C_Altit_Fort%2C_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_%28page_1%29.jpg\|link=File:N11_sash_windows,_Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort,_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]]

−	= ~~Brief~~ history =	+	= A brief history of shutters =

−	Although the Romans used glass as early as In 100 AD, during the medieval period, in the UK most windows were unglazed, and shutters ~~therefore~~ did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects ~~and~~ birds and intruders, and ~~in effect~~ acting as a crude form of insulation ~~in the absence of glass~~. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive~~, even~~ during the start of the Stuart period ~~the same was~~ true but changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more ~~avaialble,~~ affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.	+	Although the Romans used glass as early as 100 AD, during the medieval period in the UK, most windows were unglazed, and shutters did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects, birds and intruders, and acting as a crude form of insulation. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive. Even during the start of the Stuart period this remained true, but it slowly changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more available and affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.

−	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually ~~for~~ the centre. ~~Whilst casement~~ windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise ~~but also a insulative~~ function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.	+	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually at the centre. Casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise and insulation function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular, internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.

	[[File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg]]		[[File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg]]

−	= ~~Historic fabric~~ =	+	= Restoring shutters =

−	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." ~~compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.~~	+	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made."

	[[File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg]]		[[File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg]]

−	= Contemporary shutters =	+	= Contemporary thermal shutters =

−	The first home to ~~acheive~~ net zero according to the [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ UKGBC's Framework] is ~~said to be~~ the final home of services engineer [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary Max Fordham], where the "building’s thermal envelope, its ventilation system and its windows are designed so that the heat loss on a freezing cold winter’s day is no more than the heat generated by people living in the house."	+	The first home to achieve net zero according to the [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ UKGBC's Framework] is the final home of services engineer [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary Max Fordham], where the "building’s thermal envelope, its ventilation system and its windows are designed so that the heat loss on a freezing cold winter’s day is no more than the heat generated by people living in the house."

−	Part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters (to) allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day". The windows and their positions are designed so that ~~electrical~~ lights are not needed during the day.~~" these solutions described on the~~ [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".	+	Part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters (to) allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day". The windows and their positions are designed so that electric lights are not needed during the day. The [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website states "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".

	= Building physics =		= Building physics =

−	In a scenario where no shutters are used, solar heat gain during winter months can be beneficial~~, whilst~~ low e coatings help reduced heat losses, un shuttered windows especially single glazed will ~~loss~~ most of that heat during colder nights. In fact up to 30% of the energy lost in dwellings is through windows, potentially more if poorly insulated and leaky. Whilst external ~~blinds~~ are not thought of as having a great deal of thermal benefit, because they sit outside the thermal line of a building, they do act as a rainscreen, creating a protected airspace in between thus ~~increase~~ surface resistance known a Re (resistance external) or Ro (resistance outside) irrespective of the material used. By placing blinds internally, even if they are simple timber panel but well fitting the fabric performance is increased because they act ~~with i the thermal line~~ as an insulant. By designing these with tight fitting edges or seals and constructing them from insulative material the reductions can be significant. In high performing fabric buildings such as those built to Passivhaus standards, with the correct orientation, the windows can act as a net positive in terms of heat gain, storing the heat gained in the day by shutting the windows off from het loss in the evenings.	+	In a scenario where no shutters are used, solar heat gain during winter months can be beneficial. Whilst low e coatings help reduced heat losses, un-shuttered windows, especially single glazed will lose most of that heat during colder nights. In fact up to 30% of the energy lost in dwellings is through windows, potentially more if they are poorly insulated and leaky.
		+
		+	Whilst external shutters are not thought of as having a great deal of thermal benefit, because they sit outside the thermal line of a building, they do act as a rainscreen, creating a protected airspace in between thus increasing surface resistance known a Re (resistance external) or Ro (resistance outside) irrespective of the material used.
		+
		+	By placing blinds or shutters internally, even if they are simple timber panel but well fitting the fabric performance is increased because they act as an insulant. By designing these with tight fitting edges or seals and constructing them from insulative material the reductions can be significant.
		+
		+	In high performing fabric buildings such as those built to Passivhaus standards, with the correct orientation, the windows can act as a net positive in terms of heat gain, storing the heat gained in the day by shutting the windows off from het loss in the evenings.

	[[File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg\|link=File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg]]		[[File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg\|link=File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg]]

−	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of ~~buidlings~~, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes ~~of the UK~~.	+	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in the historical vernacular of buildings, in and out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, or the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda, but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes.

	-----		-----

Editor at 15:58, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T15:58:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:58, 19 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[File:~~Shutters panel styles~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panel_styles.jpg]]

	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !		Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !
Line 17:		Line 17:
	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.		A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.

−	[[File:~~Shutters Insulating open to closed~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_Insulating_open_to_closed.jpg]]

	= Contemporary shutters =		= Contemporary shutters =
Line 56:		Line 56:
	* Types of blinds.		* Types of blinds.
	* Types of door.		* Types of door.
		+	* Types of shutters.
	* U-value.		* U-value.
	* Window.		* Window.

Editor at 14:56, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T14:56:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:56, 19 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[File:Shutters panel styles.jpg]]
		+
	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !		Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !

Line 14:		Line 16:

	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.		A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.
		+
		+	[[File:Shutters Insulating open to closed.jpg]]

	= Contemporary shutters =		= Contemporary shutters =

Editor at 12:40, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T12:40:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:40, 19 December 2022
Line 23:		Line 23:
	= Building physics =		= Building physics =

−	~~[[File:Shutter~~ heat loss ~~section~~ with ~~text banner~~.~~jpg]]~~	+	In a scenario where no shutters are used, solar heat gain during winter months can be beneficial, whilst low e coatings help reduced heat losses, un shuttered windows especially single glazed will loss most of that heat during colder nights. In fact up to 30% of the energy lost in dwellings is through windows, potentially more if poorly insulated and leaky. Whilst external blinds are not thought of as having a great deal of thermal benefit, because they sit outside the thermal line of a building, they do act as a rainscreen, creating a protected airspace in between thus increase surface resistance known a Re (resistance external) or Ro (resistance outside) irrespective of the material used. By placing blinds internally, even if they are simple timber panel but well fitting the fabric performance is increased because they act with i the thermal line as an insulant. By designing these with tight fitting edges or seals and constructing them from insulative material the reductions can be significant. In high performing fabric buildings such as those built to Passivhaus standards, with the correct orientation, the windows can act as a net positive in terms of heat gain, storing the heat gained in the day by shutting the windows off from het loss in the evenings.

−	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of ~~builings~~, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes of the UK.	+	[[File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg\|link=File:Shutter_heat_loss_section_with_text_banner.jpg]]
		+
		+	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of buidlings, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes of the UK.

	-----		-----

Editor at 12:23, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T12:23:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 19 December 2022
Line 9:		Line 9:
	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually for the centre. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.		In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually for the centre. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.

−	[[File:~~Shutters panelled 900~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg\|link=File:Shutters_panelled_900.jpg]]

	= Historic fabric =		= Historic fabric =
Line 21:		Line 21:
	Part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters (to) allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day". The windows and their positions are designed so that electrical lights are not needed during the day." these solutions described on the [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".		Part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters (to) allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day". The windows and their positions are designed so that electrical lights are not needed during the day." these solutions described on the [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".

−	= ~~Conclusion~~ =	+	= Building physics =
		+
		+	[[File:Shutter heat loss section with text banner.jpg]]

	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of builings, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes of the UK.		So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of builings, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes of the UK.

Editor at 08:26, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T08:26:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:26, 19 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.	+	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters, still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits, whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK. Whilst we perhaps don't associate shutters as a form of insulation and draft exclusion, they did and still can serve as an effective element of the building fabric, to help keep the heat in and the cold out, especially during medieval times when windows had no glass at all !

	[[File:N11_sash_windows%2C_Window_shutter_carving_detail%2C_Altit_Fort%2C_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_%28page_1%29.jpg\|link=File:N11_sash_windows,_Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort,_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]]		[[File:N11_sash_windows%2C_Window_shutter_carving_detail%2C_Altit_Fort%2C_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_%28page_1%29.jpg\|link=File:N11_sash_windows,_Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort,_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]]
Line 8:		Line 8:

	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually for the centre. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.		In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually for the centre. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.
		+
		+	[[File:Shutters panelled 900.jpg]]

	= Historic fabric =		= Historic fabric =
Line 15:		Line 17:
	= Contemporary shutters =		= Contemporary shutters =

−	The first home to ~~achive~~ net zero according to the [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ UKGBC's Framework] is said to be the final home of services engineer [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary Max Fordham] where the "building’s thermal envelope, its ventilation system and its windows are designed so that the heat loss on a freezing cold winter’s day is no more than the heat generated by people living in the house." ~~part~~ of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day. The windows and their positions are designed so that electrical lights are not needed during the day." these solutions described on the [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".	+	The first home to acheive net zero according to the [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ UKGBC's Framework] is said to be the final home of services engineer [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary Max Fordham], where the "building’s thermal envelope, its ventilation system and its windows are designed so that the heat loss on a freezing cold winter’s day is no more than the heat generated by people living in the house."
		+
		+	Part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters (to) allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day". The windows and their positions are designed so that electrical lights are not needed during the day." these solutions described on the [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".
		+
		+	= Conclusion =

−	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or ~~collonial~~ internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or t Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type more akin to the quaker style, in retaining ~~now~~ precious heat inside homes of the UK.	+	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, steeped in historical vernacular of builings, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or colonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type of shutter more akin to the quaker panel style, in retaining precious heat inside homes of the UK.

	-----		-----

Editor at 00:23, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T00:23:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 19 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.		Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.

−	[[File:~~N11 sash windows~~, ~~Window shutter carving detail~~, ~~Altit Fort~~, E. J. ~~Stearns Window Sash~~-~~Frames~~ - ~~DPLA~~ - ~~5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d~~ (~~page 1~~).jpg]]	+	[[File:N11_sash_windows%2C_Window_shutter_carving_detail%2C_Altit_Fort%2C_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_%28page_1%29.jpg\|link=File:N11_sash_windows,_Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort,_E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]]

	= Brief history =		= Brief history =
Line 19:		Line 19:
	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or collonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or t Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type more akin to the quaker style, in retaining now precious heat inside homes of the UK.		So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or collonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or t Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type more akin to the quaker style, in retaining now precious heat inside homes of the UK.

		+	-----
	Image references: sludgegulper - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg] / [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ausat&action=edit&redlink=1 Ausat] - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]		Image references: sludgegulper - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg] / [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ausat&action=edit&redlink=1 Ausat] - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]

Line 46:		Line 47:
	= External links =		= External links =

−	https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/	+	[https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/]

	[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary]		[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary]

Editor at 00:23, 19 December 2022

2022-12-19T00:23:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:23, 19 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.		Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.
		+
		+	[[File:N11 sash windows, Window shutter carving detail, Altit Fort, E. J. Stearns Window Sash-Frames - DPLA - 5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d (page 1).jpg]]

	= Brief history =		= Brief history =

−	Although the Romans used glass as early as In 100 AD, during the medieval period, in the UK most windows were unglazed, and shutters therefore did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects and birds and intruders, ~~ineffect~~ acting as crude ~~forms~~ of insulation. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive, even during the start of the Stuart period the same was true but changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more avaialble, affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.	+	Although the Romans used glass as early as In 100 AD, during the medieval period, in the UK most windows were unglazed, and shutters therefore did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects and birds and intruders, and in effect acting as a crude form of insulation in the absence of glass. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive, even during the start of the Stuart period the same was true but changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more avaialble, affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.

−	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs ~~where~~ internal shutters folded back into architraves ~~and formed~~ window reveals, often with the sides ~~folding out~~ and an additional panel for the centre ~~placed manually~~. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass ~~may~~ have external shutters. These types of installation served ~~for~~ practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to ~~the1840s~~, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.	+	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs had integrated internal shutters which folded back into architraves forming window reveals, often with the sides hinged and an additional panel placed manually for the centre. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass were more likely to have had external shutters. These types of installation served a practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the 1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.

	= Historic fabric =		= Historic fabric =

−	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst Historic Environment Scotland suggest 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.	+	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst [https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab Historic Environment Scotland suggest] 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.
		+
		+	= Contemporary shutters =
		+
		+	The first home to achive net zero according to the [https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ UKGBC's Framework] is said to be the final home of services engineer [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary Max Fordham] where the "building’s thermal envelope, its ventilation system and its windows are designed so that the heat loss on a freezing cold winter’s day is no more than the heat generated by people living in the house." part of his and [https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/ Bere architects] design was to include "automated, insulated shutters allow the windows to become much more insulating at night so that the windows are thermally a net benefit every day. The windows and their positions are designed so that electrical lights are not needed during the day." these solutions described on the [https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house Max Fordham engineers] website as "vertical window shutters are a re-imagining of sash-window technology".
		+
		+	So with or without glass it seems that the simple shutter, in an out of fashion, still has its role to play, not only in the shading and ventilation requirements of the plantation or collonial internal shutters of the US, the storm protection of the Bahamas or t Bermuda but also of the English Georgian type more akin to the quaker style, in retaining now precious heat inside homes of the UK.
		+
		+	Image references: sludgegulper - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N11_sash_windows.jpg] / [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Ausat&action=edit&redlink=1 Ausat] - [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Window_shutter_carving_detail,_Altit_Fort.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:E._J._Stearns_Window_Sash-Frames_-_DPLA_-_5ee2922864bea7ef1ae2fc30a3234d5d_(page_1).jpg]
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Building fabric.
		+	* Doors.
		+	* Exterior shutters.
		+	* External doors.
		+	* Fire doors in buildings.
		+	* Formwork.
		+	* G-value.
		+	* Heat loss.
		+	* Heat transfer.
		+	* Insulation.
		+	* K-value.
		+	* Louvre (or louver).
		+	* Shading coefficient.
		+	* Self-closing device.
		+	* Thermal admittance.
		+	* Thermal resistance.
		+	* Types of blinds.
		+	* Types of door.
		+	* U-value.
		+	* Window.
		+
		+	= External links =
		+
		+	https://www.bere.co.uk/architecture/max-fordham-house/
		+
		+	[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jan/14/max-fordham-obituary]
		+
		+	[https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/ https://www.ukgbc.org/ukgbc-work/net-zero-carbon-buildings-framework/]
		+
		+	[https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house https://www.maxfordham.com/projects/max-fordham-house]
		+
		+	[https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab https://www.historicenvironment.scot/advice-and-support/your-property/saving-energy-in-traditional-buildings/sash-windows-how-to-reduce-heat-loss/#use-shutters-and-curtains_tab]
		+
		+	[https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm https://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/shutters/shutters.htm]
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Specification]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Editor at 23:29, 18 December 2022

2022-12-18T23:29:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:29, 18 December 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.		Shutters both internally fitted and externally fitted were a relatively commonplace feature of European houses, with externally fitted shutters still more common in warmer Europe climates due to their shading benefits whilst internally fitted solid panel shutters were more common in the UK.
		+
		+	= Brief history =

	Although the Romans used glass as early as In 100 AD, during the medieval period, in the UK most windows were unglazed, and shutters therefore did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects and birds and intruders, ineffect acting as crude forms of insulation. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive, even during the start of the Stuart period the same was true but changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more avaialble, affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.		Although the Romans used glass as early as In 100 AD, during the medieval period, in the UK most windows were unglazed, and shutters therefore did many of the jobs that glass now does, keeping out wind, rain, insects and birds and intruders, ineffect acting as crude forms of insulation. Whilst the Tudor period saw the introduction of glass, it was in small amounts, often stained glass and expensive, even during the start of the Stuart period the same was true but changed towards the end of the 16th Century as window or cylinder glass became more avaialble, affordable and became part of sash windows introduced during this time.

−	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs where internal shutters folded back into architraves and formed window reveals, often with the sides folding out and an additional panel for the centre placed manually. ~~This type~~ of installation served a fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up ~~tol the 1840s~~, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.	+	In Georgian times glass became more available and designs where internal shutters folded back into architraves and formed window reveals, often with the sides folding out and an additional panel for the centre placed manually. Whilst casement windows made by blacksmiths with relatively small panes of glass may have external shutters. These types of installation served for practical, fashion, privacy, noise but also a insulative function right up to the1840s, and although during the Victorian era curtains became more popular internal sash shutters would still be found installed in street facing terraced houses, primarily for privacy.
		+
		+	= Historic fabric =
		+
		+	A study published in 2019 by English Heritage '[https://historicengland.org.uk/research/results/reports/109-2009 reserach into the thermal performance of traditional windows: timber sash windows]" suggested that well fitting shutters, not necessarily specifically insulating types but well fitting timber shutters such as the original sash window shutters might have been, could save as muh as 64% heat loss of from a traditional building if used correctly. Whilst Historic Environment Scotland suggest 'timber shutters can reduce heat loss by 51%' and residents should; "consider having ill-fitting shutters restored. If the original shutters have been removed, it’s possible to have new shutters made." compared with heavy lined curtains with a heat loss of just 14%.