Hardcore - Revision history

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Hardcore Hardcore - Revision history 2026-05-13T17:45:27Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.17.4 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=173196&oldid=prev Designing Buildings at 09:57, 9 September 2020 2020-09-09T09:57:13Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 09:57, 9 September 2020</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Types of floor.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Types of floor.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Construction_techniques</del>]] [[Category:<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Products_/_components</del>]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DCN_Definition</ins>]] [[Category:<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">DCN_Guidance</ins>]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components</ins>]]</div></td></tr> </table>

Designing Buildings https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=155560&oldid=prev Designing Buildings at 07:54, 6 March 2020 2020-03-06T07:54:24Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 07:54, 6 March 2020</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 23:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load and probable stresses will determine the appropriate thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used. Typically it is laid in well-compacted layers of 100-150 mm.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load and probable stresses will determine the appropriate thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used. Typically it is laid in well-compacted layers of 100-150 mm.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">= Find out more =</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">==</del>=</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Aggregates.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Aggregates.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Ballast.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Blinding.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Blinding.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 43:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 42:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Types of floor.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Types of floor.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge</ins>]]</div></td></tr> </table>

Designing Buildings https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=110107&oldid=prev Editor at 15:08, 28 June 2018 2018-06-28T15:08:14Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 15:08, 28 June 2018</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Bulk filling materials.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Bulk filling materials.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Clay.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Damp proof membrane DPM.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Damp proof membrane DPM.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td></tr> </table>

Editor https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=106336&oldid=prev Editor at 14:52, 11 May 2018 2018-05-11T14:52:32Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 14:52, 11 May 2018</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 34:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Gravel.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Gravel.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Gravel v hardcore v aggregates.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Measuring stockpiles using image-based 3D reconstruction.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Measuring stockpiles using image-based 3D reconstruction.</div></td></tr> </table>

Editor https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=106326&oldid=prev Editor at 14:04, 11 May 2018 2018-05-11T14:04:59Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 14:04, 11 May 2018</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Gravel.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Gravel.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Quarry waste.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Quarry waste.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Crushed rock <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and gravel</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Crushed rock.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Clean, graded concrete rubble.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Clean, graded concrete rubble.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Blast furnace slag.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Blast furnace slag.</div></td></tr> </table>

Editor https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=106183&oldid=prev Editor at 17:50, 9 May 2018 2018-05-09T17:50:11Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 17:50, 9 May 2018</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 33:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Damp proof membrane DPM.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Damp proof membrane DPM.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Gravel.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Measuring stockpiles using image-based 3D reconstruction.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Measuring stockpiles using image-based 3D reconstruction.</div></td></tr> </table>

Editor https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=96643&oldid=prev Editor at 18:02, 24 January 2018 2018-01-24T18:02:02Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 18:02, 24 January 2018</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used as a make up, formation material to raise levels, fill irregularities in excavations and create a firm and level working base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid. The hardcore then helps evenly spread imposed loads. Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs and so on. It may also be used on its own to form a temporary road surface on construction sites.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used as a make up, formation material to raise levels, fill irregularities in excavations and create a firm and level working base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid. The hardcore then helps evenly spread imposed loads.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div> </div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </ins>and so on. It may also be used on its own to form a temporary road surface on construction sites.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer:</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 19:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 21:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load and probable stresses will determine the appropriate thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used. Typically it is laid in well-compacted layers of 100-<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">150mm</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load and probable stresses will determine the appropriate thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used. Typically it is laid in well-compacted layers of 100-<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">150 mm</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Find out more =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Find out more =</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 26:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 28:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Aggregates.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Aggregates.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Blinding.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Building foundations.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Bulk filling materials.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Bulk filling materials.</div></td></tr> </table>

Editor https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=92305&oldid=prev Designing Buildings at 15:06, 28 November 2017 2017-11-28T15:06:45Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 15:06, 28 November 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 31:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Flooring defects.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Groundworks.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Measuring stockpiles using image-based 3D reconstruction.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Pavement.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Pavement.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Road construction.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Road construction.</div></td></tr> </table>

Designing Buildings https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=82210&oldid=prev Designing Buildings at 16:07, 7 July 2017 2017-07-07T16:07:09Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:07, 7 July 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used as a <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">fill </del>material to raise levels and create a firm and level working base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid. Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs and so on. It may also be used on its own to form a temporary road surface on construction sites.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used as a <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">make up, formation </ins>material to raise levels<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, fill irregularities in excavations </ins>and create a firm and level working base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. The hardcore then helps evenly spread imposed loads</ins>. Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs and so on. It may also be used on its own to form a temporary road surface on construction sites.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer:</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 15:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Materials need to be sufficiently hard as well as being capable of being compressed (rammed to form a compact base) before the upper layer is added. This removes gaps or voids which could otherwise threaten the supportive properties of the hardcore layer.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Materials need to be sufficiently hard as well as being capable of being compressed (rammed to form a compact base) before the upper layer is added. This removes gaps or voids which could otherwise threaten the supportive properties of the hardcore layer.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>They should also be resistant to deterioration, chemically inert, should not be absorbent and should not be affected by the presence of water<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>They should also be resistant to deterioration, chemically inert, should not be absorbent and should not be affected by the presence of water <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(for example, colliery shale expands when moist)</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>probable stresses <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and drainage requirements </del>will determine the appropriate <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">type and </del>thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The type of construction, expected load <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and </ins>probable stresses will determine the appropriate thickness of the hardcore layer that must be used<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. Typically it is laid in well-compacted layers of 100-150mm</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Find out more =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>= Find out more =</div></td></tr> </table>

Designing Buildings https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/w/index.php?title=Hardcore&diff=82209&oldid=prev Designing Buildings at 16:00, 7 July 2017 2017-07-07T16:00:19Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: white; color:black;"> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <col class='diff-marker' /> <col class='diff-content' /> <tr valign='top'> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan='2' style="background-color: white; color:black;">Revision as of 16:00, 7 July 2017</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used to create a firm and level base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid. Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs and so on.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>The term 'hardcore' refers to the mass of solid materials used <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">as a fill material </ins>to <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">raise levels and </ins>create a firm and level <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">working </ins>base onto which heavy load-bearing surfaces such as stone or concrete can be laid. Hardcore may be used in the formation of roads, paving, driveways, foundations, ground floor slabs and so on<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. It may also be used on its own to form a temporary road surface on construction sites</ins>.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, but whatever is used should not be easily degraded and of low absorbency. Some of the large aggregate materials that can be used include</del>:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>A variety of graded materials can be used to make up a hardcore layer:</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Construction waste such as brick and broken tiles.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Construction waste such as brick and broken tiles.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins style="color: red; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">* Gravel.</ins></div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Quarry waste.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Quarry waste.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Crushed rock and gravel.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Crushed rock and gravel.</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 12:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 13:</td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Pulverized-fuel ash.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>* Pulverized-fuel ash.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Materials need to be sufficiently hard as well as being capable of being compressed before the upper layer is added. This <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">is to avoid </del>gaps or voids <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">forming </del>which <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">can </del>threaten the supportive properties of the hardcore layer.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Materials need to be sufficiently hard as well as being capable of being compressed <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(rammed to form a compact base) </ins>before the upper layer is added. This <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">removes </ins>gaps or voids which <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">could otherwise </ins>threaten the supportive properties of the hardcore layer.</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="background: #ffa; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Aggregate shape </del>and <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">size can affect </del>the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">drainage ability </del>of <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the layer, with large pieces of rubble often not allowing capillary action which allows moisture to rise, instead making </del>water <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">pool at the bottom of the layer or in voids</del>. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">When such water freezes it can cause cracking and undermine the stability of the structure as a whole</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="background: #cfc; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">They should also be resistant to deterioration, chemically inert, should not be absorbent </ins>and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">should not be affected by </ins>the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">presence </ins>of water..</div></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"></td></tr> <tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background: #eee; color:black; font-size: smaller;"><div>Quarry waste is a good source of hardcore material, although care should be taken not to include waste from gypsum mines. This is because such waste often contains a mixture of limestone and gypsum which can attack concrete. Similarly, concrete rubble may lead to a risk of sulphate attack if it contains gypsum plaster. Construction waste can contain timber which may deteriorate and can spread rot. Substances such as colliery spoil may contain soluble sulphate which, if it reacts with water, can infiltrate and damage cement.</div></td></tr>  </table>

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