Glass for buildings - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:28, 7 January 2024

2024-01-07T08:28:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 7 January 2024
Line 169:		Line 169:
	* Security glazing.		* Security glazing.
	* Stained glass.		* Stained glass.
−	* The history of ~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Glass~~ glass] in the UK and Ireland.	+	* The history of glass in the UK and Ireland.
	* Thermal optical properties.		* Thermal optical properties.
	* Triple glazing.		* Triple glazing.

Designing Buildings at 08:28, 7 January 2024

2024-01-07T08:28:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 7 January 2024
Line 169:		Line 169:
	* Security glazing.		* Security glazing.
	* Stained glass.		* Stained glass.
		+	* The history of [https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Glass glass] in the UK and Ireland.
	* Thermal optical properties.		* Thermal optical properties.
	* Triple glazing.		* Triple glazing.

Designing Buildings at 07:24, 11 May 2022

2022-05-11T07:24:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:24, 11 May 2022
Line 136:		Line 136:
	* Stained glass.		* Stained glass.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	See also: Types of glass.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Annealing.		* Annealing.
Line 170:		Line 172:
	* Triple glazing.		* Triple glazing.
	* Types and manufacture of laminated glass.		* Types and manufacture of laminated glass.
		+	* Types of glass.
	* Types of window.		* Types of window.
	* Window.		* Window.

176.105.197.23 at 13:26, 27 April 2022

2022-04-27T13:26:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:26, 27 April 2022
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Glass is a very commonly used material because, whilst still molten, it can be manipulated into forms suitable for a very wide range of different uses, from packaging and household objects to car windscreens, windows, and so on.		Glass is a very commonly used material because, whilst still molten, it can be manipulated into forms suitable for a very wide range of different uses, from packaging and household objects to car windscreens, windows, and so on.

−	= History of ~~huy~~ =	+	= History of glass =

	Archaeological evidence has been found of man-made glass dating back to 4000 BC in the form of decorative glazes. In prehistoric times, weapons were made using obsidian and fulgurite, naturally occurring glasses found in volcanic regions and after lightning strikes respectively. Around 1500 BC glass was first used as a material for making hollow containers.		Archaeological evidence has been found of man-made glass dating back to 4000 BC in the form of decorative glazes. In prehistoric times, weapons were made using obsidian and fulgurite, naturally occurring glasses found in volcanic regions and after lightning strikes respectively. Around 1500 BC glass was first used as a material for making hollow containers.
Line 26:		Line 26:
	* The glass is cooled, the precise process determining its overall strength.		* The glass is cooled, the precise process determining its overall strength.

−	= Properties of ~~huy~~ =	+	= Properties of glass =

	The composition of glass and the cooling rate can be varied to give a range of properties depending on the end use required:		The composition of glass and the cooling rate can be varied to give a range of properties depending on the end use required:
Line 38:		Line 38:
	* Glass is 100% recyclable. Scraps of waste glass are used as raw materials in glass manufacture and as aggregates in concrete manufacture. The number of times glass has been recycled does not affect its quality, strength or functionality.		* Glass is 100% recyclable. Scraps of waste glass are used as raw materials in glass manufacture and as aggregates in concrete manufacture. The number of times glass has been recycled does not affect its quality, strength or functionality.

−	= Composition of glass ~~is a poop for my life~~ =	+	= Composition of glass =

	There are many different types of glass, each with different chemical and physical properties dependent upon their application. The main types of glass include:		There are many different types of glass, each with different chemical and physical properties dependent upon their application. The main types of glass include:
Line 58:		Line 58:
	This is used to make predominatly decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.		This is used to make predominatly decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.

−	= Specifications for ~~huy~~ =	+	= Specifications for glass =

−	=== Float ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Float glass ===

	This is named after the modern process used to create large, thin, flat panels from molten glass which is floated onto a pool of molten metal such as tin. This process produces a very smooth sheet of glass with a highly consistent thickness.		This is named after the modern process used to create large, thin, flat panels from molten glass which is floated onto a pool of molten metal such as tin. This process produces a very smooth sheet of glass with a highly consistent thickness.
Line 66:		Line 66:
	For more information see: Float glass.		For more information see: Float glass.

−	=== Annealed ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Annealed glass ===

	This is a piece of float glass that has been cooled in a slow and controlled manner. The internal stresses within the sheet of glass are reduced by this process making the resulting glass stronger and less likely to break than it would otherwise be. There can be safety concerns using annealed glass as it can break into large jagged shards.		This is a piece of float glass that has been cooled in a slow and controlled manner. The internal stresses within the sheet of glass are reduced by this process making the resulting glass stronger and less likely to break than it would otherwise be. There can be safety concerns using annealed glass as it can break into large jagged shards.

−	=== Heat strengthened ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Heat strengthened glass ===

	This is made from a sheet of annealed glass reheated beyond its annealing point of around 1,200ºF and then cooled slowly. Heat strengthened glass may be twice as strong as annealed glass, but may still need to be laminated for use in buildings.		This is made from a sheet of annealed glass reheated beyond its annealing point of around 1,200ºF and then cooled slowly. Heat strengthened glass may be twice as strong as annealed glass, but may still need to be laminated for use in buildings.

−	=== Fully tempered ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Fully tempered glass ===

	Tempering is the process by which annealed glass is heated in the same way as heat strengthened glass. The glass is cooled more rapidly which allows the internal portion of the glass to remain fluid for longer than the outer surfaces. This means that an equal amount of tensile and compressive stresses are formed across the glass which allows it to become in the order of four times as strong as annealed glass. This is used as a safety glass, as it shatters into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards, reducing the risk of injury.		Tempering is the process by which annealed glass is heated in the same way as heat strengthened glass. The glass is cooled more rapidly which allows the internal portion of the glass to remain fluid for longer than the outer surfaces. This means that an equal amount of tensile and compressive stresses are formed across the glass which allows it to become in the order of four times as strong as annealed glass. This is used as a safety glass, as it shatters into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards, reducing the risk of injury.

−	=== Heat soaked tempered ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Heat soaked tempered glass ===

	This is used as a means of testing glass panes that are to be used in safety critical situations, such as a glass railing. Tempered glass panes are heated to a temperature of around 550ºF for a few hours. This causes any unstable nickel sulfide inclusions (imperfections that may cause spontaneous breakage of the pane) to expand disproportionately to the glass, making the glass break.		This is used as a means of testing glass panes that are to be used in safety critical situations, such as a glass railing. Tempered glass panes are heated to a temperature of around 550ºF for a few hours. This causes any unstable nickel sulfide inclusions (imperfections that may cause spontaneous breakage of the pane) to expand disproportionately to the glass, making the glass break.

−	=== Laminated ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Laminated glass ===

	Laminated glass is used where glazing must remain intact if it is broken, either for safety or security reasons. It is made by fusing two or more layers of glass with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through the use of heat and pressure. If it is made using heat strengthened glass, the pane will break into large pieces but will be held in the frame by the PVB inter-layer. If it is made from tempered glass, the sheet may fall out of the frame but will mostly stay together due to the inter-layer.		Laminated glass is used where glazing must remain intact if it is broken, either for safety or security reasons. It is made by fusing two or more layers of glass with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through the use of heat and pressure. If it is made using heat strengthened glass, the pane will break into large pieces but will be held in the frame by the PVB inter-layer. If it is made from tempered glass, the sheet may fall out of the frame but will mostly stay together due to the inter-layer.
Line 88:		Line 88:
	For more information see: Laminated glass.		For more information see: Laminated glass.

−	=== Wired ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Wired glass ===

	This is most often used as a fire resistant glass because the wire holds the glass in place if high temperature causes it to break. The wire mesh is better at holding glass in place than the PVB films used in laminated glass.		This is most often used as a fire resistant glass because the wire holds the glass in place if high temperature causes it to break. The wire mesh is better at holding glass in place than the PVB films used in laminated glass.
Line 94:		Line 94:
	For more information see: Wired glass		For more information see: Wired glass

−	=== Low-emissivity (Low-E) ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Low-emissivity (Low-E) glass ===

	The term ‘low-e glass’ is used to describe glass that has a coating added to one or more of its surfaces to reduce its emissivity so that it reflects, rather than absorbs, long-wave infra-red radiation.		The term ‘low-e glass’ is used to describe glass that has a coating added to one or more of its surfaces to reduce its emissivity so that it reflects, rather than absorbs, long-wave infra-red radiation.
Line 104:		Line 104:
	The two main types of low-e coating are tin and silver. Tin oxide is applied to the glass at high temperatures to create a very hard and durable low-e coating. Silver coating must be enclosed within the glazing unit so that oxidation doesn’t cause the degradation of the silver over time.		The two main types of low-e coating are tin and silver. Tin oxide is applied to the glass at high temperatures to create a very hard and durable low-e coating. Silver coating must be enclosed within the glazing unit so that oxidation doesn’t cause the degradation of the silver over time.

−	=== Self-cleaning ~~huy~~ ===	+	=== Self-cleaning glass ===

	A transparent coating can be applied to glass during the manufacturing which reacts with the sun’s UV rays to break down dirt and grime which forms on the outside of the windows, and when it rains, the decomposed dirt natural rinses away. The coating has hydrophilic properties which mean it attracts water over its entire surface, avoiding unsightly uneven water marks.		A transparent coating can be applied to glass during the manufacturing which reacts with the sun’s UV rays to break down dirt and grime which forms on the outside of the windows, and when it rains, the decomposed dirt natural rinses away. The coating has hydrophilic properties which mean it attracts water over its entire surface, avoiding unsightly uneven water marks.

176.105.197.23 at 13:11, 27 April 2022

2022-04-27T13:11:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:11, 27 April 2022
Line 26:		Line 26:
	* The glass is cooled, the precise process determining its overall strength.		* The glass is cooled, the precise process determining its overall strength.

−	= Properties of ~~glass~~ =	+	= Properties of huy =

	The composition of glass and the cooling rate can be varied to give a range of properties depending on the end use required:		The composition of glass and the cooling rate can be varied to give a range of properties depending on the end use required:
Line 58:		Line 58:
	This is used to make predominatly decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.		This is used to make predominatly decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.

−	= Specifications for ~~glass~~ =	+	= Specifications for huy =

−	=== Float ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Float huy ===

	This is named after the modern process used to create large, thin, flat panels from molten glass which is floated onto a pool of molten metal such as tin. This process produces a very smooth sheet of glass with a highly consistent thickness.		This is named after the modern process used to create large, thin, flat panels from molten glass which is floated onto a pool of molten metal such as tin. This process produces a very smooth sheet of glass with a highly consistent thickness.
Line 66:		Line 66:
	For more information see: Float glass.		For more information see: Float glass.

−	=== Annealed ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Annealed huy ===

	This is a piece of float glass that has been cooled in a slow and controlled manner. The internal stresses within the sheet of glass are reduced by this process making the resulting glass stronger and less likely to break than it would otherwise be. There can be safety concerns using annealed glass as it can break into large jagged shards.		This is a piece of float glass that has been cooled in a slow and controlled manner. The internal stresses within the sheet of glass are reduced by this process making the resulting glass stronger and less likely to break than it would otherwise be. There can be safety concerns using annealed glass as it can break into large jagged shards.

−	=== Heat strengthened ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Heat strengthened huy ===

	This is made from a sheet of annealed glass reheated beyond its annealing point of around 1,200ºF and then cooled slowly. Heat strengthened glass may be twice as strong as annealed glass, but may still need to be laminated for use in buildings.		This is made from a sheet of annealed glass reheated beyond its annealing point of around 1,200ºF and then cooled slowly. Heat strengthened glass may be twice as strong as annealed glass, but may still need to be laminated for use in buildings.

−	=== Fully tempered ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Fully tempered huy ===

	Tempering is the process by which annealed glass is heated in the same way as heat strengthened glass. The glass is cooled more rapidly which allows the internal portion of the glass to remain fluid for longer than the outer surfaces. This means that an equal amount of tensile and compressive stresses are formed across the glass which allows it to become in the order of four times as strong as annealed glass. This is used as a safety glass, as it shatters into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards, reducing the risk of injury.		Tempering is the process by which annealed glass is heated in the same way as heat strengthened glass. The glass is cooled more rapidly which allows the internal portion of the glass to remain fluid for longer than the outer surfaces. This means that an equal amount of tensile and compressive stresses are formed across the glass which allows it to become in the order of four times as strong as annealed glass. This is used as a safety glass, as it shatters into small granular pieces rather than sharp shards, reducing the risk of injury.

−	=== Heat soaked tempered ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Heat soaked tempered huy ===

	This is used as a means of testing glass panes that are to be used in safety critical situations, such as a glass railing. Tempered glass panes are heated to a temperature of around 550ºF for a few hours. This causes any unstable nickel sulfide inclusions (imperfections that may cause spontaneous breakage of the pane) to expand disproportionately to the glass, making the glass break.		This is used as a means of testing glass panes that are to be used in safety critical situations, such as a glass railing. Tempered glass panes are heated to a temperature of around 550ºF for a few hours. This causes any unstable nickel sulfide inclusions (imperfections that may cause spontaneous breakage of the pane) to expand disproportionately to the glass, making the glass break.

−	=== Laminated ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Laminated huy ===

	Laminated glass is used where glazing must remain intact if it is broken, either for safety or security reasons. It is made by fusing two or more layers of glass with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through the use of heat and pressure. If it is made using heat strengthened glass, the pane will break into large pieces but will be held in the frame by the PVB inter-layer. If it is made from tempered glass, the sheet may fall out of the frame but will mostly stay together due to the inter-layer.		Laminated glass is used where glazing must remain intact if it is broken, either for safety or security reasons. It is made by fusing two or more layers of glass with inter-layers of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) through the use of heat and pressure. If it is made using heat strengthened glass, the pane will break into large pieces but will be held in the frame by the PVB inter-layer. If it is made from tempered glass, the sheet may fall out of the frame but will mostly stay together due to the inter-layer.
Line 88:		Line 88:
	For more information see: Laminated glass.		For more information see: Laminated glass.

−	=== Wired ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Wired huy ===

	This is most often used as a fire resistant glass because the wire holds the glass in place if high temperature causes it to break. The wire mesh is better at holding glass in place than the PVB films used in laminated glass.		This is most often used as a fire resistant glass because the wire holds the glass in place if high temperature causes it to break. The wire mesh is better at holding glass in place than the PVB films used in laminated glass.
Line 94:		Line 94:
	For more information see: Wired glass		For more information see: Wired glass

−	=== Low-emissivity (Low-E) ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Low-emissivity (Low-E) huy ===

	The term ‘low-e glass’ is used to describe glass that has a coating added to one or more of its surfaces to reduce its emissivity so that it reflects, rather than absorbs, long-wave infra-red radiation.		The term ‘low-e glass’ is used to describe glass that has a coating added to one or more of its surfaces to reduce its emissivity so that it reflects, rather than absorbs, long-wave infra-red radiation.
Line 104:		Line 104:
	The two main types of low-e coating are tin and silver. Tin oxide is applied to the glass at high temperatures to create a very hard and durable low-e coating. Silver coating must be enclosed within the glazing unit so that oxidation doesn’t cause the degradation of the silver over time.		The two main types of low-e coating are tin and silver. Tin oxide is applied to the glass at high temperatures to create a very hard and durable low-e coating. Silver coating must be enclosed within the glazing unit so that oxidation doesn’t cause the degradation of the silver over time.

−	=== Self-cleaning ~~glass~~ ===	+	=== Self-cleaning huy ===

	A transparent coating can be applied to glass during the manufacturing which reacts with the sun’s UV rays to break down dirt and grime which forms on the outside of the windows, and when it rains, the decomposed dirt natural rinses away. The coating has hydrophilic properties which mean it attracts water over its entire surface, avoiding unsightly uneven water marks.		A transparent coating can be applied to glass during the manufacturing which reacts with the sun’s UV rays to break down dirt and grime which forms on the outside of the windows, and when it rains, the decomposed dirt natural rinses away. The coating has hydrophilic properties which mean it attracts water over its entire surface, avoiding unsightly uneven water marks.

176.105.198.221 at 13:09, 27 April 2022

2022-04-27T13:09:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:09, 27 April 2022
Line 38:		Line 38:
	* Glass is 100% recyclable. Scraps of waste glass are used as raw materials in glass manufacture and as aggregates in concrete manufacture. The number of times glass has been recycled does not affect its quality, strength or functionality.		* Glass is 100% recyclable. Scraps of waste glass are used as raw materials in glass manufacture and as aggregates in concrete manufacture. The number of times glass has been recycled does not affect its quality, strength or functionality.

−	= Composition of glass =	+	= Composition of glass is a poop for my life =

	There are many different types of glass, each with different chemical and physical properties dependent upon their application. The main types of glass include:		There are many different types of glass, each with different chemical and physical properties dependent upon their application. The main types of glass include:

176.105.197.23 at 13:08, 27 April 2022

2022-04-27T13:08:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 27 April 2022
Line 7:		Line 7:
	Glass is a very commonly used material because, whilst still molten, it can be manipulated into forms suitable for a very wide range of different uses, from packaging and household objects to car windscreens, windows, and so on.		Glass is a very commonly used material because, whilst still molten, it can be manipulated into forms suitable for a very wide range of different uses, from packaging and household objects to car windscreens, windows, and so on.

−	= History of ~~glass~~ =	+	= History of huy =

	Archaeological evidence has been found of man-made glass dating back to 4000 BC in the form of decorative glazes. In prehistoric times, weapons were made using obsidian and fulgurite, naturally occurring glasses found in volcanic regions and after lightning strikes respectively. Around 1500 BC glass was first used as a material for making hollow containers.		Archaeological evidence has been found of man-made glass dating back to 4000 BC in the form of decorative glazes. In prehistoric times, weapons were made using obsidian and fulgurite, naturally occurring glasses found in volcanic regions and after lightning strikes respectively. Around 1500 BC glass was first used as a material for making hollow containers.

176.105.197.23 at 13:06, 27 April 2022

2022-04-27T13:06:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:06, 27 April 2022
Line 56:		Line 56:
	=== Lead glass ===		=== Lead glass ===

−	This is used to make ~~predominately~~ decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.	+	This is used to make predominatly decorative glass objects. Calcium oxide is replaced by lead oxide, and potassium oxide replaces all or a high proportion of the sodium oxide. Lead glass sparkles brightly and has a relatively soft surface, both properties that make it so suitable for decorative uses.

	= Specifications for glass =		= Specifications for glass =

Editor at 17:34, 11 August 2021

2021-08-11T17:34:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:34, 11 August 2021
Line 162:		Line 162:
	* Low-e glass.		* Low-e glass.
	* Patent glazing.		* Patent glazing.
		+	* Plate glass.
	* Polycarbonate plastic.		* Polycarbonate plastic.
	* Sand.		* Sand.

Designing Buildings at 08:14, 6 May 2021

2021-05-06T08:14:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:14, 6 May 2021
Line 117:		Line 117:
	* Curved glass.		* Curved glass.
	* Cylinder glass.		* Cylinder glass.
		+	* Decorative glass.
	* Dichroic glass.		* Dichroic glass.
	* Drawn glass.		* Drawn glass.