Geodesic dome - Revision history

Editor at 14:13, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T14:13:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:13, 10 October 2022
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	[[File:Dali_museum.jpg\|link=File:Dali_museum.jpg]]		[[File:Dali_museum.jpg\|link=File:Dali_museum.jpg]]

−	= Geodesic ~~theory~~ =	+	= What is Geodesic =

	The word geodesic is Latin and means earth dividing and mathematically means the shortest path between two points on any mathematically defined surface. In theories or relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to a curved space-time, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.		The word geodesic is Latin and means earth dividing and mathematically means the shortest path between two points on any mathematically defined surface. In theories or relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to a curved space-time, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.

−	~~As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs~~ of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing segmented forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further expending these forms, it was later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the ~~dodecahedron.~~	+	= Origins of the geodesic dome =

−	~~Today one might describe three forms of geometry as hyperbolic (concave lines), elliptic (convex lines) or Euclidian (parallel straight lines).~~ The geodesic dome forms curved shapes from straight lines that ~~form framed~~ surfaces. The name geodesic dome itself, is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who first used the term regularly and who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency ~~enough~~ to patent and popularise its use.	+	The geodesic dome forms curved shapes from straight lines that frame surfaces. The name geodesic dome itself, is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who first used the term regularly and who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency sufficiently to patent and popularise its use. Today one might describe three forms of geometry as hyperbolic (concave lines), elliptic (convex lines) or Euclidian (parallel straight lines).
		+
		+	However as early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing segmented forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further expending these forms, it was later recorded by Euclid (hence Euclidian) in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.

	= The first geodesic dome =		= The first geodesic dome =

−	In 1919 first ideas of physically constructing a geometric structure came from the physicist Walther Wilhelm Johannes Bauersfeld (*1879~~; †1959~~) after being approached by Oskar von Miller from the Deutsche Museums with his idea of building a planetarium. Whilst the first ever planetarium had taken 7 years before being completed in 1781, by Eise Eisinga, this was a physical construct built in the living room of his house, von Miller's was to be the first world's first projected planetarium for a paying public.	+	In 1919 first ideas of physically constructing a geometric structure came from the physicist Walther Wilhelm Johannes Bauersfeld (1879-1959) after being approached by Oskar von Miller from the Deutsche Museums with his idea of building a planetarium. Whilst the first ever planetarium had taken 7 years before being completed in 1781, by Eise Eisinga, this was a physical construct built in the living room of his house, von Miller's was to be the first world's first projected planetarium for a paying public.

	Bauersfeld, was at the time, chief executive officer for the German manufacturer of optical systems and opto-electronics, Zeiss founded in Jena, Germany in the mid 1800's. He proposed using the Icosaedron (as had been described by Plato) as a concrete shell structure to house the projection, and the first dome was patented and built in 1924 as a test demonstration on the roof of the Zeiss factory in Jena by Dykerhoff and Wydmann.		Bauersfeld, was at the time, chief executive officer for the German manufacturer of optical systems and opto-electronics, Zeiss founded in Jena, Germany in the mid 1800's. He proposed using the Icosaedron (as had been described by Plato) as a concrete shell structure to house the projection, and the first dome was patented and built in 1924 as a test demonstration on the roof of the Zeiss factory in Jena by Dykerhoff and Wydmann.
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	The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. This dome was also a concrete shell structural dome but only six centimeters thick with a diameter of 25 metres. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also effectively the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.		The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. This dome was also a concrete shell structural dome but only six centimeters thick with a diameter of 25 metres. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also effectively the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.

−	= The first Bucky dome =	+	= The first Bucky geodesic dome =

	The geodesic dome however is often attributed to the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (Bucky) who further developed the method in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles providing a self-balanced structural framework that used minimal materials, they were in some ways similar to the earlier concrete shell structures but more efficient in materiality.		The geodesic dome however is often attributed to the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (Bucky) who further developed the method in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles providing a self-balanced structural framework that used minimal materials, they were in some ways similar to the earlier concrete shell structures but more efficient in materiality.

Editor at 12:00, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T12:00:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:00, 10 October 2022
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	= Geodesic theory =		= Geodesic theory =

−	The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'. In relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to curved ~~spacetime~~, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.	+	The word geodesic is Latin and means earth dividing and mathematically means the shortest path between two points on any mathematically defined surface. In theories or relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to a curved space-time, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.

	As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing segmented forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further expending these forms, it was later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.		As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing segmented forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further expending these forms, it was later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.

−	The ~~term~~ geodesic dome, ~~however it~~ is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency enough to patent ~~the design as well as popularising~~	+	Today one might describe three forms of geometry as hyperbolic (concave lines), elliptic (convex lines) or Euclidian (parallel straight lines). The geodesic dome forms curved shapes from straight lines that form framed surfaces. The name geodesic dome itself, is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who first used the term regularly and who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency enough to patent and popularise its use.

	= The first geodesic dome =		= The first geodesic dome =
Line 17:		Line 17:
	The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. This dome was also a concrete shell structural dome but only six centimeters thick with a diameter of 25 metres. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also effectively the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.		The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. This dome was also a concrete shell structural dome but only six centimeters thick with a diameter of 25 metres. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also effectively the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.

−	= ~~Further development~~ =	+	= The first Bucky dome =

−	The geodesic dome however is often attributed to the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller who further developed the method in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles providing a self-balanced structural framework that used minimal materials, they were in some ways similar to the earlier concrete shell structures but more efficient in materiality.	+	The geodesic dome however is often attributed to the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller (Bucky) who further developed the method in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles providing a self-balanced structural framework that used minimal materials, they were in some ways similar to the earlier concrete shell structures but more efficient in materiality.

	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts, he built his own home as a prototype geodesic dome with his wife and lived there until 1971. These domes tended to be lightweight and in contrast to the previous domes theoretically easy to assemble and dis-assemble, similarly to the concrete domes they could also enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.		Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts, he built his own home as a prototype geodesic dome with his wife and lived there until 1971. These domes tended to be lightweight and in contrast to the previous domes theoretically easy to assemble and dis-assemble, similarly to the concrete domes they could also enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.
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	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954, it would enclose a central courtyard at the company’s imposing headquarters called the Rotunda. The gap over the courtyard was 93 feet (28 meters) across, so standard techniques would made the dome too heavy, crushing the supporting walls. Fullers design would weigh less than 10 tons, cost significantly less in materials and time, he finished the project ahead of schedule which gained him celebrity status. However a few years later, a team was sent to fix a suspected leak in the dome, and accidentally set the dome on fire totally destroying it.		In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954, it would enclose a central courtyard at the company’s imposing headquarters called the Rotunda. The gap over the courtyard was 93 feet (28 meters) across, so standard techniques would made the dome too heavy, crushing the supporting walls. Fullers design would weigh less than 10 tons, cost significantly less in materials and time, he finished the project ahead of schedule which gained him celebrity status. However a few years later, a team was sent to fix a suspected leak in the dome, and accidentally set the dome on fire totally destroying it.

−	Fuller viewed domes holistically ~~envisaging~~ domes as ~~ecosystems~~ containers ~~and proposed~~ a huge dome over part of Manhattan Island to moderate temperatures, equipped with air filters, it would improve health by lowering germ and virus counts. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle and lived his life in his dome home.	+	Fuller viewed domes holistically and envisaged the possibilities of domes as ecosystem containers, even proposing a huge dome over part of Manhattan Island to moderate temperatures, equipped with air filters, it would improve health by lowering germ and virus counts. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle and lived all his life with his wife in the dome home he designed. In 1967 one of the most famous Bucky domes was the International and Universal Exposition in Montreal, a 76-meter dome, nearly 62 meters tall, serving as the architectural center piece to the fair it came to be known as the Montreal Biosphere.

−	and his wife lived he was hired to create one of his most famous domes, for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal. A 76-meter dome, nearly 62 meters tall, serving as the architectural centerpiece to the fair.	+	= The Climatron® =

−	~~The~~ Climatron® is the first geodesic ~~dome~~ to be used as a conservatory, incorporating the principles of R. Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic system~~. It opened to the public on October 1, 1960~~. The ~~design of the Climatron greenhouse~~ was developed by St. Louis architects Murphy and Mackey, ~~winning~~ the 1961 Reynolds Award, ~~an award for architectural excellence in a structure using aluminum. In 1976 it~~ was named one of the 100 most significant architectural achievements in United States ~~history~~. The term ~~“Climatron” was coined to emphasize the~~ climate-control technology of ~~the greenhouse dome.~~	+	In 1960 another Bucky inspred was built, the Climatron® was one of the first geodesic domes to be used as a conservatory, and incorporating many of the principles of Buckminster Fuller, considered as the inventor of the geodesic system. The building was designed and developed by St. Louis architects Murphy and Mackey, and won the 1961 Reynolds Award in excellence for the its use of alumminum, and was named one of the 100 most significant architectural achievements in United States 15 years later. The term Climatron descrobed this early investigation into climate-control technology and the potential of bioshperes, with no interior support and no columns, it allowed more light and space per m2 for plants than conventional designs. It rose 20 metres at the center, with more than 50 metre spans and housing more than half an acre of internal space.
−		+
−	~~The Climatron has~~ no interior support and no columns ~~from floor to ceiling~~, ~~allowing~~ more light and space per ~~square foot~~ for plants than conventional designs. It ~~rises 70 feet in~~ the center, spans ~~175 feet in diameter at the base, has 1.3 million cubic feet,~~ and ~~encloses approximately 24,000 square feet (~~more than half an acre).	+

	[[File:Geodesic_dome.jpg\|link=File:Geodesic_dome.jpg]]		[[File:Geodesic_dome.jpg\|link=File:Geodesic_dome.jpg]]
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	* Thermal behaviour of architectural fabric structures		* Thermal behaviour of architectural fabric structures
	* Frei Otto.		* Frei Otto.
		+	* Gridshell.
	* Last Futures: Nature, Technology and the End of Architecture.		* Last Futures: Nature, Technology and the End of Architecture.
	* Long span roof.		* Long span roof.

Editor at 10:37, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T10:37:40Z

Editor at 09:00, 10 October 2022

2022-10-10T09:00:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 10 October 2022
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	[[File:Dali_museum.jpg\|link=File:Dali_museum.jpg]]		[[File:Dali_museum.jpg\|link=File:Dali_museum.jpg]]

−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= Geodesic theory =

−	The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes ~~are sphere-like structures consisting~~ of a network of triangles which ~~provide~~ a self-balancing structural framework that ~~uses~~ minimal materials~~. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'~~.	+	The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'. In relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to curved spacetime, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.
		+
		+	As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing geometric forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further naming geometric forms and later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.
		+
		+	The term geodesic dome, however it is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency enough to patent the design as well as popularising
		+
		+	= The first geodesic dome =
		+
		+	In 1919 first ideas of physically constructing a geometric structure came from the physicist Walther Wilhelm Johannes Bauersfeld (*1879; †1959) after being approached by Oskar von Miller from the Deutsche Museums with his idea of building a planetarium. Whilst the first ever planetarium had taken 7 years before being completed in 1781, by Eise Eisinga, this was physical and built in the living room of his house, von Millers was to be the first world's first projection planetarium for a paying public.
		+
		+	Bauersfeld, was at the time, chief executive officer for the German manufacturer of optical systems and opto-electronics, Zeiss founded in Jena, Germany in the mid 1800's. He proposed using the Icosaedron (as had been described by Plato) to house the projection, and the first dome was patented and built in 1924 as a test demonstration on the roof of the Zeiss factory in Jena by Dykerhoff and Wydmann.
		+
		+	The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.
		+
		+	= Further development =
		+
		+	The geodesic dome was further developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles which provided a self-balancing structural framework that used minimal materials.

	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.		Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.

−	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.	+	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954.
		+
		+	He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.
		+
		+	The Climatron® is the first geodesic dome to be used as a conservatory, incorporating the principles of R. Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic system. It opened to the public on October 1, 1960. The design of the Climatron greenhouse was developed by St. Louis architects Murphy and Mackey, winning the 1961 Reynolds Award, an award for architectural excellence in a structure using aluminum. In 1976 it was named one of the 100 most significant architectural achievements in United States history. The term “Climatron” was coined to emphasize the climate-control technology of the greenhouse dome.
		+
		+	The Climatron has no interior support and no columns from floor to ceiling, allowing more light and space per square foot for plants than conventional designs. It rises 70 feet in the center, spans 175 feet in diameter at the base, has 1.3 million cubic feet, and encloses approximately 24,000 square feet (more than half an acre).

	[[File:Geodesic_dome.jpg\|link=File:Geodesic_dome.jpg]]		[[File:Geodesic_dome.jpg\|link=File:Geodesic_dome.jpg]]

Editor at 17:09, 2 February 2022

2022-02-02T17:09:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:09, 2 February 2022
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	* The biomes at the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK.		* The biomes at the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki.~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Air-supported structure.		* Air-supported structure.
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	* Pendentive dome.		* Pendentive dome.
	* The development of structural membranes.		* The development of structural membranes.
		+	* The Solaris House of Buckminster Fuller.
	* The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by fabric membranes.		* The thermal behaviour of spaces enclosed by fabric membranes.
	* Types of building.		* Types of building.

Editor at 17:17, 28 June 2021

2021-06-28T17:17:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:17, 28 June 2021
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	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki. =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki. =

		+	* Air-supported structure.
	* Blobitecture.		* Blobitecture.
	* Buckminster Fuller.		* Buckminster Fuller.

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by 99.242.46.195 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

2020-11-26T06:31:46Z

Reverted edits by 99.242.46.195 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:31, 26 November 2020
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	The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.		The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.

−	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.~~asashxjas~~	+	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.

	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.		In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.

99.242.46.195 at 00:26, 26 November 2020

2020-11-26T00:26:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:26, 26 November 2020
Line 5:		Line 5:
	The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.		The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.

−	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.	+	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.asashxjas

	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.		In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.

Designing Buildings at 09:48, 21 September 2020

2020-09-21T09:48:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:48, 21 September 2020
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	* Why are domes popular?		* Why are domes popular?

−	[[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 07:06, 4 February 2020

2020-02-04T07:06:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:06, 4 February 2020
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework ~~while using~~ minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.	+	The geodesic dome was developed by the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. Geodesic domes are sphere-like structures consisting of a network of triangles which provide a self-balancing structural framework that uses minimal materials. The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'.

	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.		Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. The domes tend to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, in contrast to many other structural systems, can enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.
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	Geodesic domes are efficient structures in several ways:		Geodesic domes are efficient structures in several ways:

−	* They are based on a network of triangles which are very stable shapes. ~~For example, if~~ a force is applied to the corner of a triangle, it will retain its form, whereas other shapes, such as rectangles, will distort. This means that geodesic dome buildings are strong and resistant to forces such as those from snow loads, earthquakes and wind.	+	* They are based on a network of triangles which are very stable shapes. If a force is applied to the corner of a triangle, it will retain its form, whereas other shapes, such as rectangles, will distort. This means that geodesic dome buildings are strong and resistant to forces such as those from snow loads, earthquakes and wind.
	* The structural efficiency of geodesic domes means that they require less material than conventional buildings.		* The structural efficiency of geodesic domes means that they require less material than conventional buildings.
−	* For the volume that they enclose, geodesic domes have a much smaller surface area than traditional 'box-shaped' buildings. This means there is a reduced area exposed to external temperature changes ~~which means~~ they can be less expensive to heat and cool.	+	* For the volume that they enclose, geodesic domes have a much smaller surface area than traditional 'box-shaped' buildings. This means there is a reduced area exposed to external temperature changes and so they can be less expensive to heat and cool.
−	* The construction of geodesic domes can be very fast, and may not require the use of heavy equipment. This buildability ~~can be further~~ enhanced ~~through~~ the use of prefabricated components.	+	* The construction of geodesic domes can be very fast, and may not require the use of heavy equipment. This buildability is enhanced by the use of prefabricated components.

	= Uses of geodesic domes =		= Uses of geodesic domes =

−	It is believed that there are more than 300,000 geodesic domes around the world today. They can be constructed in a variety of sizes, with the largest being 216m in diameter ~~(the~~ Fukuoka Dome, a baseball stadium in Japan~~) making them~~ suitable for a wide range of uses:	+	It is believed that there are more than 300,000 geodesic domes around the world today. They can be constructed in a variety of sizes, with the largest being the 216m diameter Fukuoka Dome, a baseball stadium in Japan.
		+
		+	They are suitable for a wide range of uses:

	* Sports stadiums.		* Sports stadiums.
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	= Components =		= Components =

−	~~Construction~~ materials used for geodesic domes vary widely ~~in terms of size~~. For simple, movable structures, timber, PVC or galvanised steel frames covered with a thin architectural membrane (such as PVC polyester or ETFE foil) can be used. Larger, more permanent structures such as sports stadiums have been constructed with aluminium and steel frames covered with materials such as copper, aluminium, acrylic and Plexiglas panels.	+	The materials used for geodesic domes vary widely. For simple, movable structures, timber, PVC or galvanised steel frames covered with a thin architectural membrane (such as PVC polyester or ETFE foil) can be used. Larger, more permanent structures such as sports stadiums have been constructed with aluminium and steel frames covered with materials such as copper, aluminium, acrylic and Plexiglas panels.

	= Examples of geodesic domes =		= Examples of geodesic domes =
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	* Why are domes popular?		* Why are domes popular?

−	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:History]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 10 October 2022
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	The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'. In relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to curved spacetime, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.		The word geodesic is Latin and means 'earth dividing'. In relativity, a geodesic describes the notion of the straight line to curved spacetime, the idea that falling or freely moving particles travel along a line or a geodesic.

−	As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing ~~geometric~~ forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further ~~naming geometric~~ forms ~~and~~ later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.	+	As early as 600 BC theorists who's work was based on and around the teachings and beliefs of Pythagoras (570-495 BC) called the Pythagoreans, investigated the segments of volumetric shapes. This work developing segmented forms was further progressed by Plato (428-348 BC), further expending these forms, it was later recorded by Euclid in around 300 BC in his thirteen books of Elements, in particular the final book XIII, describing regular solids from the pyramid, to the octahedron, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron.

	The term geodesic dome, however it is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency enough to patent the design as well as popularising		The term geodesic dome, however it is said to be attributed to Buckminster Fuller, who revisited the form, as a construction technique, improving design and material efficiency enough to patent the design as well as popularising
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	= The first geodesic dome =		= The first geodesic dome =

−	In 1919 first ideas of physically constructing a geometric structure came from the physicist Walther Wilhelm Johannes Bauersfeld (*1879; †1959) after being approached by Oskar von Miller from the Deutsche Museums with his idea of building a planetarium. Whilst the first ever planetarium had taken 7 years before being completed in 1781, by Eise Eisinga, this was physical ~~and~~ built in the living room of his house, von ~~Millers~~ was to be the first world's first ~~projection~~ planetarium for a paying public.	+	In 1919 first ideas of physically constructing a geometric structure came from the physicist Walther Wilhelm Johannes Bauersfeld (*1879; †1959) after being approached by Oskar von Miller from the Deutsche Museums with his idea of building a planetarium. Whilst the first ever planetarium had taken 7 years before being completed in 1781, by Eise Eisinga, this was a physical construct built in the living room of his house, von Miller's was to be the first world's first projected planetarium for a paying public.

−	Bauersfeld, was at the time, chief executive officer for the German manufacturer of optical systems and opto-electronics, Zeiss founded in Jena, Germany in the mid 1800's. He proposed using the Icosaedron (as had been described by Plato) to house the projection, and the first dome was patented and built in 1924 as a test demonstration on the roof of the Zeiss factory in Jena by Dykerhoff and Wydmann.	+	Bauersfeld, was at the time, chief executive officer for the German manufacturer of optical systems and opto-electronics, Zeiss founded in Jena, Germany in the mid 1800's. He proposed using the Icosaedron (as had been described by Plato) as a concrete shell structure to house the projection, and the first dome was patented and built in 1924 as a test demonstration on the roof of the Zeiss factory in Jena by Dykerhoff and Wydmann.

−	The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.	+	The test had proved such a success, with over 80,000 visitors, that a larger permanent dome structure, called The Wonder of Jena was built in the city and opened to the public in July 1926. This dome was also a concrete shell structural dome but only six centimeters thick with a diameter of 25 metres. Further examples were then built in Munich and Berlin, these were not only the first examples of what was then called a Ptolemaic Planetarium and the projection system called the Model I, but also effectively the earliest examples of built geodesic dome structures.

	= Further development =		= Further development =

−	The geodesic dome ~~was further developed by~~ the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles ~~which provided~~ a self-~~balancing~~ structural framework that used minimal materials.	+	The geodesic dome however is often attributed to the American engineer and architect Richard Buckminster Fuller who further developed the method in the late 1940s. These Geodesic domes consisted of a network of framed triangles providing a self-balanced structural framework that used minimal materials, they were in some ways similar to the earlier concrete shell structures but more efficient in materiality.

−	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts. ~~The~~ domes ~~tend~~ to be lightweight and easy to assemble and, ~~in contrast~~ to ~~many other structural systems, can~~ enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.	+	Buckminster Fuller designed the geodesic dome following World War II as part of his experimentation to create affordable and efficient housing that could be built quickly from mass-produced parts, he built his own home as a prototype geodesic dome with his wife and lived there until 1971. These domes tended to be lightweight and in contrast to the previous domes theoretically easy to assemble and dis-assemble, similarly to the concrete domes they could also enclose large areas without requiring internal columns.

−	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954.	+	In 1953, Buckminster Fuller designed the first commercial dome for the Ford Motor Company headquarters in Michigan, after which he received a patent for the dome in 1954, it would enclose a central courtyard at the company’s imposing headquarters called the Rotunda. The gap over the courtyard was 93 feet (28 meters) across, so standard techniques would made the dome too heavy, crushing the supporting walls. Fullers design would weigh less than 10 tons, cost significantly less in materials and time, he finished the project ahead of schedule which gained him celebrity status. However a few years later, a team was sent to fix a suspected leak in the dome, and accidentally set the dome on fire totally destroying it.

−	He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle.	+	Fuller viewed domes holistically envisaging domes as ecosystems containers and proposed a huge dome over part of Manhattan Island to moderate temperatures, equipped with air filters, it would improve health by lowering germ and virus counts. He also supplied a large number of domes to the US military which used them to cover radar stations (radomes) at installations around the Arctic Circle and lived his life in his dome home.
		+
		+	and his wife lived he was hired to create one of his most famous domes, for the 1967 International and Universal Exposition in Montreal. A 76-meter dome, nearly 62 meters tall, serving as the architectural centerpiece to the fair.

	The Climatron® is the first geodesic dome to be used as a conservatory, incorporating the principles of R. Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic system. It opened to the public on October 1, 1960. The design of the Climatron greenhouse was developed by St. Louis architects Murphy and Mackey, winning the 1961 Reynolds Award, an award for architectural excellence in a structure using aluminum. In 1976 it was named one of the 100 most significant architectural achievements in United States history. The term “Climatron” was coined to emphasize the climate-control technology of the greenhouse dome.		The Climatron® is the first geodesic dome to be used as a conservatory, incorporating the principles of R. Buckminster Fuller, inventor of the geodesic system. It opened to the public on October 1, 1960. The design of the Climatron greenhouse was developed by St. Louis architects Murphy and Mackey, winning the 1961 Reynolds Award, an award for architectural excellence in a structure using aluminum. In 1976 it was named one of the 100 most significant architectural achievements in United States history. The term “Climatron” was coined to emphasize the climate-control technology of the greenhouse dome.