Formwork - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 10:51, 9 January 2023

2023-01-09T10:51:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:51, 9 January 2023
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	Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength the formwork can be struck (removed). A minimum value of 5 N/mm2 is recommended in all cases when striking vertical formwork as so not to damage the concrete in the process.		Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength the formwork can be struck (removed). A minimum value of 5 N/mm2 is recommended in all cases when striking vertical formwork as so not to damage the concrete in the process.

−	High quality workmanship and inspection are necessary to ensure a high standard and appearance of the resulting concrete structure.	+	High quality workmanship and inspection are necessary to ensure a high standard and appearance of the resulting concrete structure, particularly where the concrete will remain visible in the completed structure.

	= Formwork specifications =		= Formwork specifications =
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	== Column formwork ==		== Column formwork ==

−	This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.	+	This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size for the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.

	The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.		The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.
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	== Plastic formwork ==		== Plastic formwork ==

−	[[File:Plastic-formwork.png]]	+	[[File:Plastic-formwork.png\|link=File:Plastic-formwork.png]]

−	Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited ~~for~~ lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.	+	Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited to lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.

	Stay-in-place structural formwork is generally assembled on site using prefabricated fibre-reinforced plastic. It is used for concrete columns and piers and stays in place, acting as permanent axial and shear reinforcement for the structural member. It also provides resistance to environmental damage for both the concrete and reinforcing bars.		Stay-in-place structural formwork is generally assembled on site using prefabricated fibre-reinforced plastic. It is used for concrete columns and piers and stays in place, acting as permanent axial and shear reinforcement for the structural member. It also provides resistance to environmental damage for both the concrete and reinforcing bars.

Designing Buildings at 10:48, 9 January 2023

2023-01-09T10:48:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 9 January 2023
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	[[File:Formwork.jpg\|link=File:Formwork.jpg]]		[[File:Formwork.jpg\|link=File:Formwork.jpg]]

−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= What is formwork? =

−	~~Formwork is the~~ term ~~used for the process of creating~~ a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials.	+	The term 'formwork' referst to a temporary mould into which concrete is poured and formed so that it can set to the required shape. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber shuttering, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics, plywood and other materials.

−	~~While~~ formwork is ~~a broad term that~~ is ~~used in relation~~ to ~~the forming process using a wide variety of materials~~, ~~shuttering is a term that~~ is ~~often~~ used ~~to refer to~~ the ~~process of using plywood to form~~ the ~~mould~~.	+	Shuttering is most common type of formwork, constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, as it must be water-resistant. Shuttering is relatively easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for large structures or complex shapes. This type of temporary formwork is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic.

−	~~Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type~~ of formwork ~~and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must~~ be ~~water-resistant~~. ~~It is easy~~ to ~~produce~~, ~~although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when~~ the ~~labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable~~ formwork ~~from materials such~~ as ~~steel or plastic. It also has~~ the ~~advantage of being at a significant amount of~~ concrete ~~can be poured at once~~.	+	Both shuttering and other types of formwork need to be supported by falsework. Falsework refers to poles, stabilisers, and other supports that keep the shuttering or formwork in place as the concrete dries. For more information, see Falsework.

−	~~Simple plank shuttering~~ can be ~~used for the construction of a path or hardstanding~~. ~~The planks should be trimmed~~ so ~~they are level with~~ the ~~top surface of~~ the ~~slab, allowing~~ a ~~tidy~~ concrete ~~finish to be achieved~~.	+	Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength the formwork can be struck (removed). A minimum value of 5 N/mm2 is recommended in all cases when striking vertical formwork as so not to damage the concrete in the process.
		+
		+	High quality workmanship and inspection are necessary to ensure a high standard and appearance of the resulting concrete structure.

	= Formwork specifications =		= Formwork specifications =

−	When selecting formwork, the type of concrete and temperature of the pour are important considerations as they both effect the pressure exerted.	+	When selecting formwork, the type of concrete and temperature of the pour are important considerations as they both effect the pressure exerted. The formwork sides must be capable of resisting the hydrostatic pressure of the wet concrete which will diminish to zero within several hours depending on the rate of setting and curing. The formwork base or soffit must be capable of resisting the initial dead load of the wet concrete and the dead load of the dry set concrete.

−	~~The formwork sides must~~ be ~~capable of resisting the hydrostatic pressure of the wet concrete which will diminish to zero within several hours depending on the rate of setting and curing.~~	+	Formwork should be:

−	~~The formwork base or soffit must be capable of resisting the initial~~ dead ~~load~~ of ~~the wet concrete~~ and ~~the dead load~~ of the ~~dry set~~ concrete.	+	* Strong enough to withstand dead and live loads.
		+	* Capable of retaining its shape by being efficiently propped and braced horizontally and vertically.
		+	* Designed constructed to prevent leakage of cement grout, with sealed joints.
		+	* Capable of being removed in various parts without damaging the concrete.
		+	* Suitable for reuse.
		+	* Set accurately to the desired line.
		+	* As lightweight as possible.
		+	* Resistant to warping and distortion.
		+	* Resting on a firm base.

−	~~Once the concrete has gained sufficient strength the formwork can be struck (removed). A minimum value~~ of ~~5 N/mm2 is recommended in all cases when striking vertical~~ formwork ~~as so not to damage the permanent concrete in the process.~~	+	= Types of formwork =

−	~~High quality workmanship and inspection are necessary to ensure a high standard and appearance~~ of ~~the resulting concrete structure~~.	+	A range of different types of formwork are described below.

−	Both shuttering and formwork in its various forms will be supported by falsework. This refers to poles, stabilisers, or other units that keep the shuttering or formwork in place as the concrete dries. For more information, see Falsework.	+	== Beam formwork ==
−		+
−	= Beam formwork =	+

	Formwork for beams takes the form of a three-sided box which is supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 ºC):		Formwork for beams takes the form of a three-sided box which is supported and propped in the correct position and to the desired level. The removal time for the formwork will vary with air temperature, humidity and consequent curing rate. Typical striking times are as follows (using air temperature of 7-16 ºC):
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	* Beam props: 15-21 days.		* Beam props: 15-21 days.

−	= Column formwork =	+	== Column formwork ==

	This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.		This consists of a vertical mould of the desired shape and size of the column to be poured. As a means of keeping the formwork material thickness to a minimum, horizontal steel or timber clamps (or yokes) are used at equal centres for batch filling and at varying centres for filling that is completed in one pour.
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	The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.		The head of the column formwork can be used to provide support for the beam formwork, but while this gives good top lateral restraint it can make the formwork complex. Alternatively, the column can be cast to the underside of the beams. Later on, a collar of formwork can be clamped around the cast column to complete the casting and support the incoming beam formwork.

−	= Plastic formwork =	+	== Plastic formwork ==
		+
		+	[[File:Plastic-formwork.png]]

	Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited for lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.		Re-usable plastic formwork is generally used for quick pours of concrete. The formwork is assembled either from interlocking panels or from a modular system and is used for relatively simple concrete structures. It is not as versatile as timber formwork due to the prefabrication requirements and is best suited for lost-cost, repetitive structures such as mass housing schemes.
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	Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.		Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.

−	~~[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Plastic-formwork.png https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Plastic-formwork.png]~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
−		+
−	~~= Requirements of good formwork =~~	+
−		+
−	~~The following requirements should be satisfied by good formwork:~~	+
−		+
−	* Strong enough to withstand dead and live loads.	+
−	* Capable of retaining its shape by being efficiently propped and braced horizontally and vertically.	+
−	* Joints should prevent leakage of cement grout.	+
−	* Should be capable of being removed in various parts without damaging the concrete.	+
−	* Material used be suitable for reuse.	+
−	* Should be set accurately to the desired line.	+
−	* As lightweight as possible.	+
−	* Material should not warp or distort on exposure to the elements.	+
−	* Should rest on a firm base.	+
−		+
−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+

	* Architectural concrete.		* Architectural concrete.
−	* Architectural technology research at Sheffield Hallam University.
	* Caisson.		* Caisson.
−	* CDM.
	* Cement.		* Cement.
	* Cofferdam.		* Cofferdam.
	* Concrete.		* Concrete.
	* Crane supports.		* Crane supports.
−	* Deleterious materials.
−	* Designers.
−	* Design liability.
−	* Demolition.
	* Differences between jumpform and slipform climbing formwork systems.		* Differences between jumpform and slipform climbing formwork systems.
−	* Facade retention.
	* Falsework.		* Falsework.
−	* Hoists.
	* Plywood.		* Plywood.
	* Rebar.		* Rebar.
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	* Trench support.		* Trench support.

−	=== External references ===	+	= External references =

	* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).		* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 05:08, 15 July 2022

2022-07-15T05:08:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:08, 15 July 2022
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	While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.		While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.

−	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of ~~beingat~~ a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.	+	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of being at a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.

	Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.		Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.

Editor at 16:31, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T16:31:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:31, 6 September 2021
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	* Scaffolding.		* Scaffolding.
	* Shoring.		* Shoring.
		+	* Shutter.
	* Slip form.		* Slip form.
	* Temporary works.		* Temporary works.

Editor at 11:38, 23 August 2021

2021-08-23T11:38:52Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:38, 23 August 2021
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	* Architectural concrete.		* Architectural concrete.
		+	* Architectural technology research at Sheffield Hallam University.
	* Caisson.		* Caisson.
	* CDM.		* CDM.

105.226.227.118 at 18:14, 13 December 2020

2020-12-13T18:14:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:14, 13 December 2020
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	Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.		Proprietary systems are used to support vertical formwork while concrete cures, consisting of a series of tubes and ties.
		+
		+	[https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Plastic-formwork.png https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/File:Plastic-formwork.png]

	= Requirements of good formwork =		= Requirements of good formwork =

Designing Buildings at 05:14, 31 August 2020

2020-08-31T05:14:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:14, 31 August 2020
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	* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).		* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).

−	[[Category:~~Health_and_safety_/_CDM~~]] [[Category:~~Construction_techniques~~]] [[Category:~~Products_~~/~~_components~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Product_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 17:28, 7 January 2020

2020-01-07T17:28:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 7 January 2020
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	* Design liability.		* Design liability.
	* Demolition.		* Demolition.
		+	* Differences between jumpform and slipform climbing formwork systems.
	* Facade retention.		* Facade retention.
	* Falsework.		* Falsework.
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	* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).		* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).

−	[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by 5.117.64.28 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

2019-05-12T06:08:52Z

Reverted edits by 5.117.64.28 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:08, 12 May 2019
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	While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.		While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.

−	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of ~~[https://www.sgmedhat.com~~ formwork] and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of beingat a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.	+	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of beingat a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.

	Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.		Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.
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	* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).		* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).

−	~~[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]~~ [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

5.117.64.28 at 04:05, 12 May 2019

2019-05-12T04:05:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 12 May 2019
Line 7:		Line 7:
	While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.		While formwork is a broad term that is used in relation to the forming process using a wide variety of materials, shuttering is a term that is often used to refer to the process of using plywood to form the mould.

−	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of beingat a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.	+	Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of [https://www.sgmedhat.com formwork] and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood. A special grade of plywood is necessary for shuttering, and it must be water-resistant. It is easy to produce, although it can be time consuming for larger structures. It is used when the labour costs are lower than the cost of producing re-usable formwork from materials such as steel or plastic. It also has the advantage of beingat a significant amount of concrete can be poured at once.

	Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.		Simple plank shuttering can be used for the construction of a path or hardstanding. The planks should be trimmed so they are level with the top surface of the slab, allowing a tidy concrete finish to be achieved.
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	* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).		* [http://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail/?pid=000000000030240690 BS5975]:2008 + A1: 2001 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework (BSI 2011).

−	[[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]