External works - Revision history

Editor at 21:13, 14 December 2020

2020-12-14T21:13:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:13, 14 December 2020
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	= Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems =		= Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems =

−	Softscape or soft landscape includes all types of plant life, from flowers and trees to shrubs and groundcover. It naturally changes and evolves over time, driven by the climate, time of year and other conditions. Careful consideration should be given to the amount of maintenance that these elements will require to stay in good order. [[Landscape_design\|Read more about landscape design here.]]	+	Softscape or soft landscape includes all types of plant life, from flowers and trees to shrubs and groundcover. It naturally changes and evolves over time, driven by the climate, time of year and other conditions. Read more about [[Soft_landscape\|soft landscape here]].
		+
		+	Careful consideration should be given to the amount of maintenance that these elements will require to stay in good order. [[Landscape_design\|Read more about landscape design here.]]

	Irrigation systems for gardens and external areas can be used to automate the process of watering. The most common forms are a drip irrigation systems that precisely releases water to the roots of plants, and a micro spray system that delivers a fine spray of water over a defined area. The benefit of installing such systems is their efficiency, delivering a water-use reduction of up to 90% compared to a traditional garden hose.		Irrigation systems for gardens and external areas can be used to automate the process of watering. The most common forms are a drip irrigation systems that precisely releases water to the roots of plants, and a micro spray system that delivers a fine spray of water over a defined area. The benefit of installing such systems is their efficiency, delivering a water-use reduction of up to 90% compared to a traditional garden hose.
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	* Site layout plan for construction.		* Site layout plan for construction.
	* Smoking shelters.		* Smoking shelters.
		+	* Soft landscape.
	* Stakeholders.		* Stakeholders.
	* Statutory undertakers.		* Statutory undertakers.

Editor at 18:56, 1 October 2020

2020-10-01T18:56:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:56, 1 October 2020
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	* Site area.		* Site area.
	* Site layout plan for construction.		* Site layout plan for construction.
		+	* Smoking shelters.
	* Stakeholders.		* Stakeholders.
	* Statutory undertakers.		* Statutory undertakers.

Designing Buildings at 08:28, 4 September 2020

2020-09-04T08:28:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 4 September 2020
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	* RICS draft guidance note – [https://consultations.rics.org/consult.ti/benchmarking/view?objectId=863828 Benchmarking and cost analysis]		* RICS draft guidance note – [https://consultations.rics.org/consult.ti/benchmarking/view?objectId=863828 Benchmarking and cost analysis]

−	[[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Designing Buildings at 08:28, 20 August 2019

2019-08-20T08:28:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 20 August 2019
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	* BREEAM Hard landscaping and boundary protection.		* BREEAM Hard landscaping and boundary protection.
		+	* External environment.
	* Garden.		* Garden.
	* Groundworks.		* Groundworks.

Designing Buildings at 06:09, 16 October 2018

2018-10-16T06:09:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:09, 16 October 2018
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	Ensuring that utilities are supplied to developments is vitally important, not just for the completed development, but also for the construction process itself. Developers will need to ensure that existing site information is obtained, and surveys carried out to determine the position, extent and capacity of existing services. They will need to agree with the provider, the design of any new infrastructure that is required, who will provide it, who will adopt it, and any charges, as well as the appropriate testing, inspection, certification, connection (or disconnection), installation of meters, and so on.		Ensuring that utilities are supplied to developments is vitally important, not just for the completed development, but also for the construction process itself. Developers will need to ensure that existing site information is obtained, and surveys carried out to determine the position, extent and capacity of existing services. They will need to agree with the provider, the design of any new infrastructure that is required, who will provide it, who will adopt it, and any charges, as well as the appropriate testing, inspection, certification, connection (or disconnection), installation of meters, and so on.

−	The costs associated with utilities can be significant, both in terms of the initial capital cost of installation (particularly if there is no existing supply or if the existing supply is inadequate) and ongoing bills during operation. It is important to ensure that the best deal is ~~being~~ obtained from providers and that alternative quotes are obtained if possible.	+	The costs associated with utilities can be significant, both in terms of the initial capital cost of installation (particularly if there is no existing supply or if the existing supply is inadequate) and ongoing bills during operation. It is important to ensure that the best deal is obtained from providers and that alternative quotes are obtained if possible.

	During mobilisation for construction, the contractor will need to arrange for the necessary water, power and telecommunications services to enable the site to function.		During mobilisation for construction, the contractor will need to arrange for the necessary water, power and telecommunications services to enable the site to function.

Designing Buildings at 06:07, 16 October 2018

2018-10-16T06:07:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:07, 16 October 2018
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−	[[File:~~Construction site290~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Construction_site290.jpg\|link=File:Construction_site290.jpg]]

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The term ‘external works’ describes any works carried out to the external environment of a building project. These can be works to functional ~~as well as~~ aesthetic features.	+	The term ‘external works’ describes any works carried out to the external environment of a building project. These can be works to functional or aesthetic features.

−	BRE describe external works as: ‘All items outside the building footprint but inside the site boundary, encompassing wastewater and surface water drains, supply of utilities (e.g. gas, electricity and cabled services), footpaths, and access for vehicles including car parks and hard standings to be found in the vicinity of buildings.’	+	BRE describe external works as: ‘All items outside the building footprint but inside the site boundary, encompassing wastewater and surface water drains, supply of utilities (e.g. gas, electricity and cabled services), footpaths, and access for vehicles including car parks and hard standings to be found in the vicinity of buildings.’ (Ref: BRE building elements: foundations, basements and external works)
−		+
−	(Ref: BRE building elements: foundations, basements and external works)	+

	RICS’s New Rules of Measurement Part 3 (NRM3) offers guidance on external works which it categorises as:		RICS’s New Rules of Measurement Part 3 (NRM3) offers guidance on external works which it categorises as:
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	= Site preparation works =		= Site preparation works =

−	Before construction works can begin, ~~the~~ site clearance and preparatory groundworks are generally necessary. This might include.	+	Before construction works can begin, site clearance and preparatory groundworks are generally necessary. This might include.

	* Removal of any vegetation including roots.		* Removal of any vegetation including roots.
−	* ~~Leveling of~~ the site to a roughly even gradient, or modelling the site to create a desired form.	+	* Levelling the site to a roughly even gradient, or modelling the site to create the desired form.
−	* Setting out and trench lines ~~laid out according to the building footprint~~.	+	* Setting out and trench lines.
	* Establishing site offices, welfare facilities, storage, access routes, and so on.		* Establishing site offices, welfare facilities, storage, access routes, and so on.

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	* Asphalt or block surfacing to driveways, footpaths, car parks and roads.		* Asphalt or block surfacing to driveways, footpaths, car parks and roads.
	* Timber decking, handrails and balustrades.		* Timber decking, handrails and balustrades.
−	* Patios, platforms and so on~~, typically constructed from concrete or concrete paving slabs~~.	+	* Patios, platforms and so on.

	= Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems =		= Soft landscaping, planting and irrigation systems =

−	Softscape or soft landscape includes all types of plant life, from flowers and trees to shrubs and groundcover. It naturally changes and evolves over time, driven by the climate, time of year and other conditions. Careful consideration should be given to the amount of maintenance that these elements will require to stay in good order.	+	Softscape or soft landscape includes all types of plant life, from flowers and trees to shrubs and groundcover. It naturally changes and evolves over time, driven by the climate, time of year and other conditions. Careful consideration should be given to the amount of maintenance that these elements will require to stay in good order. [[Landscape_design\|Read more about landscape design here.]]

−	~~[[Landscape_design\|Read more about landscape design here.]]~~	+	Irrigation systems for gardens and external areas can be used to automate the process of watering. The most common forms are a drip irrigation systems that precisely releases water to the roots of plants, and a micro spray system that delivers a fine spray of water over a defined area. The benefit of installing such systems is their efficiency, delivering a water-use reduction of up to 90% compared to a traditional garden hose.
−		+
−	Irrigation systems for gardens and external areas can be used to automate the process of watering. The most common forms are a drip irrigation systems that precisely releases water to the roots of plants, and a micro spray system that ~~deliver~~ a fine spray of water over a defined area. The benefit of installing such systems is their efficiency, delivering a water-use reduction of up to 90% compared to a traditional garden hose.	+

	= Fencing, railings and walls =		= Fencing, railings and walls =

−	These can be used to stop or cut down any unwanted pedestrian or vehicular access, to provide privacy, to give delineation between areas and so on. They can be low level such as wooden palisade fencing, or high level such as security fencing with concrete or metal posts and wire mesh. Wrought iron fencing can be finished with spikes or pointed designs, and features such as razor wire and anti-climb paints used to reduce scalability.	+	These can be used to stop or cut down any unwanted pedestrian or vehicular access, to provide privacy, to give delineation between areas and so on. They can be low level such as wooden palisade fencing, or high level such as security fencing with concrete or metal posts and wire mesh. Wrought iron fencing can be finished with spikes or pointed designs, and features such as razor wire and anti-climb paints can be used to reduce scalability.

	There may be a requirement for retaining walls to prevent ground slippage or heave.		There may be a requirement for retaining walls to prevent ground slippage or heave.
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	These are fixtures that may be installed for functional or aesthetic purposes outside the building. The most common examples include:		These are fixtures that may be installed for functional or aesthetic purposes outside the building. The most common examples include:

−	~~===~~ Bollards ~~===~~	+	* Bollards: Used as an alternative to fencing to restrict vehicular access and as segregation between pedestrians roads.
		+	* Street furniture: This includes benches, bins, cycle stands, tree guards, lighting, signage, and so on. Within a town or city environment the layout and manufacture of these features may be used to create a period theme; for example, cast iron benches in a Victorian theme. Stainless steel or wood may be used in more contemporary or natural designs.
		+	* Shelters: These may be required to provide protection from the elements. Bespoke shelters are often supplied by manufacturers for a range of purposes, from smoking shelters for office buildings, to cycle shelters, bus shelters, sports shelters, and so on.

−	~~Used as an alternative to fencing to restrict vehicular access and as segregation between pedestrians roads.~~	+	= External drainage =

−	~~=== Street furniture ===~~	+	This might include:

−	~~This includes benches~~, ~~bins~~, ~~cycle stands~~, ~~tree guards~~, ~~lighting~~, ~~signage~~, and ~~so on~~. ~~Within a town or city environment the layout~~ and ~~manufacture of these features may be used~~ to ~~create a period theme; for example, cast iron benches in a Victorian theme~~. ~~Stainless steel or wood may be used in more contemporary or natural designs or~~ to ~~aid durability~~.	+	* Foul drainage: Above-ground pipework is referred to as sanitary pipework, whilst underground pipework is referred to as foul drainage and sewers. Both carry used water from toilets, sinks, basins, baths, showers, bidets, dishwashers and washing machines.
−		+	* Surface water drainage: This carries water from rain, condensation and melted snow/ice from structures. The above-ground guttering and rainwater pipes are referred to collectively as roof drainage. The underground pipework is referred to as surface water drains and surface water sewers.
−	~~=== Shelters ===~~	+	* Sustainable urban drainage systems: SUDS provide an alternative to, or addition to, traditional drainage systems and may include; filter strips and drains, swales, permeable surfaces, basins and ponds, underground storage, wetlands, and so on.
−		+
−	~~These may be required~~ to ~~enhance external environments. Bespoke shelters are often supplied by manufacturers for a range of purposes, from smoking shelters for office buildings~~, to ~~cycle shelters~~, ~~bus shelters~~, ~~sports shelters~~, and so on.	+
−		+
−	~~= External drainage =~~	+

	For more information, see Drainage.		For more information, see Drainage.
−
−	~~=== Foul drainage ===~~
−
−	Above-ground pipework is referred to as sanitary pipework, whilst underground pipework is referred to as foul drainage and sewers. Both carry the used water from toilets, sinks, basins, baths, showers, bidets, dishwashers and washing machines.
−
−	~~=== Surface water drainage ===~~
−
−	This carries water from rain, condensation and melted snow/ice from structures. The above-ground guttering and rainwater pipes are referred to collectively as roof drainage. The underground pipework is referred to as surface water drains and surface water sewers.
−
−	~~=== Sustainable urban drainage systems ===~~
−
−	Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are systems designed to efficiently manage the drainage of surface water in the urban environment. They provide an alternative to, or addition to, traditional drainage systems where surface water is drained directly and quickly into underground, piped drainage. SUDS may include; filter strips and drains, swales, permeable surfaces, basins and ponds, underground storage, wetlands, and so on.

	= External services =		= External services =

Editor at 11:15, 15 October 2018

2018-10-15T11:15:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:15, 15 October 2018
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	[[File:Construction site290.jpg]]
		+
	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

	The term ‘external works’ describes any works carried out to the external environment of a building project. These can be works to functional as well as aesthetic features.		The term ‘external works’ describes any works carried out to the external environment of a building project. These can be works to functional as well as aesthetic features.

−	BRE describe external works as: ‘All items outside the building footprint but inside the site boundary, encompassing wastewater and surface water drains, supply of utilities (e.g. gas, electricity and cabled services), footpaths, and access for vehicles including car parks and hard standings to be found in the vicinity of buildings.’ (Ref: BRE building elements: foundations, basements and external works)	+	BRE describe external works as: ‘All items outside the building footprint but inside the site boundary, encompassing wastewater and surface water drains, supply of utilities (e.g. gas, electricity and cabled services), footpaths, and access for vehicles including car parks and hard standings to be found in the vicinity of buildings.’
		+
		+	(Ref: BRE building elements: foundations, basements and external works)

−	~~RICS’~~ New Rules of Measurement Part 3 (NRM3) offers guidance on external works which it categorises as:	+	RICS’s New Rules of Measurement Part 3 (NRM3) offers guidance on external works which it categorises as:

	* Site preparation works.		* Site preparation works.
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	=== Shelters ===		=== Shelters ===

−	These may be required to enhance external environments. Bespoke shelters are often supplied by manufacturers for a range of purposes, from smoking shelters for office buildings, to cycle shelters, bus shelters, sports shelters and so on.	+	These may be required to enhance external environments. Bespoke shelters are often supplied by manufacturers for a range of purposes, from smoking shelters for office buildings, to cycle shelters, bus shelters, sports shelters, and so on.

	= External drainage =		= External drainage =
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	=== Sustainable urban drainage systems ===		=== Sustainable urban drainage systems ===

−	Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are systems designed to efficiently manage the drainage of surface water in the urban environment. They provide an alternative to, or addition to, traditional drainage systems where surface water is drained directly and quickly into underground, piped drainage. SUDS may include; filter strips and drains, swales, permeable surfaces, basins and ponds, underground storage, wetlands and so on.	+	Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are systems designed to efficiently manage the drainage of surface water in the urban environment. They provide an alternative to, or addition to, traditional drainage systems where surface water is drained directly and quickly into underground, piped drainage. SUDS may include; filter strips and drains, swales, permeable surfaces, basins and ponds, underground storage, wetlands, and so on.

	= External services =		= External services =
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	* Local/district heating installations.		* Local/district heating installations.

−	Ensuring that utilities are supplied to developments is vitally important, not just for the completed development, but also for the construction process itself. Developers will need to ensure that existing site information is obtained, and surveys carried out to determine the position, extent and capacity of existing services. They will need to agree with the provider, the design of any new infrastructure that is required, who will provide it, who will adopt it, and any charges, as well as the appropriate testing, inspection, certification, connection (or disconnection), installation of meters and so on.	+	Ensuring that utilities are supplied to developments is vitally important, not just for the completed development, but also for the construction process itself. Developers will need to ensure that existing site information is obtained, and surveys carried out to determine the position, extent and capacity of existing services. They will need to agree with the provider, the design of any new infrastructure that is required, who will provide it, who will adopt it, and any charges, as well as the appropriate testing, inspection, certification, connection (or disconnection), installation of meters, and so on.

−	The costs associated with utilities can be significant, both in terms of the initial capital cost of installation (particularly if there is no existing supply or if the existing supply is inadequate) and ongoing bills during operation. It is important ~~therefore~~ to ensure that the best deal is being obtained from providers and that alternative quotes are obtained if possible.	+	The costs associated with utilities can be significant, both in terms of the initial capital cost of installation (particularly if there is no existing supply or if the existing supply is inadequate) and ongoing bills during operation. It is important to ensure that the best deal is being obtained from providers and that alternative quotes are obtained if possible.

	During mobilisation for construction, the contractor will need to arrange for the necessary water, power and telecommunications services to enable the site to function.		During mobilisation for construction, the contractor will need to arrange for the necessary water, power and telecommunications services to enable the site to function.
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	= Minor building works and ancillary buildings =		= Minor building works and ancillary buildings =

−	There may be a requirement for buildings to serve the site during the course of the construction works that are generally removed upon completion, such as storage facilities, sanitary conveniences, washing facilities, changing rooms and lockers, canteens, site offices ~~and so on.~~	+	There may be a requirement for buildings to serve the site during the course of the construction works that are generally removed upon completion, such as storage facilities, sanitary conveniences, washing facilities, changing rooms and lockers, canteens, site offices, and so on.
−		+
−	~~Minor building works might also include works such as underpinning existing buildings and boundaries~~, ~~builders work in connection with site services~~ and so on.	+

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	Minor building works might also include works such as underpinning existing buildings and boundaries, builders work in connection with site services, and so on.

−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

	* BREEAM Hard landscaping and boundary protection.		* BREEAM Hard landscaping and boundary protection.

Designing Buildings at 05:34, 21 May 2018

2018-05-21T05:34:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:34, 21 May 2018
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	* Mobilisation.		* Mobilisation.
	* NRM3.		* NRM3.
		+	* Site area.
		+	* Site layout plan for construction.
	* Stakeholders.		* Stakeholders.
	* Statutory undertakers.		* Statutory undertakers.
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	* Utilities.		* Utilities.

−	External references	+	=== External references ===

	* The Construction Centre - [http://www.theconstructioncentre.co.uk/products/external-works/ External works]		* The Construction Centre - [http://www.theconstructioncentre.co.uk/products/external-works/ External works]

Designing Buildings at 13:45, 4 May 2018

2018-05-04T13:45:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 4 May 2018
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* BREEAM Hard landscaping and boundary protection.
	* Garden.		* Garden.
	* Groundworks.		* Groundworks.

Editor at 14:18, 25 September 2017

2017-09-25T14:18:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:18, 25 September 2017
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* Garden.
	* Groundworks.		* Groundworks.
	* Landscape design.		* Landscape design.