English Perpendicular architecture - Revision history

Editor at 09:20, 13 December 2025

2025-12-13T09:20:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:20, 13 December 2025
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	* Vault.		* Vault.

−	~~[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]~~ [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Conservation]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Editor at 07:26, 19 October 2023

2023-10-19T07:26:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:26, 19 October 2023
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	* Vault.		* Vault.

−	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Conservation]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Editor at 19:57, 4 January 2022

2022-01-04T19:57:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:57, 4 January 2022
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	* Gothic revival style.		* Gothic revival style.
	* Hammerbeam roof.		* Hammerbeam roof.
		+	* Lierne.
	* Medieval architecture.		* Medieval architecture.
	* Oxford Movement.		* Oxford Movement.

Editor at 17:57, 22 October 2021

2021-10-22T17:57:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:57, 22 October 2021
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	--[[User:Heidi_Schwartz\|Heidi Schwartz]]		--[[User:Heidi_Schwartz\|Heidi Schwartz]]

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Architectural styles.		* Architectural styles.
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	* Gothic revival style.		* Gothic revival style.
	* Hammerbeam roof.		* Hammerbeam roof.
		+	* Medieval architecture.
	* Oxford Movement.		* Oxford Movement.
	* Stained glass.		* Stained glass.

Editor at 19:31, 23 August 2021

2021-08-23T19:31:42Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 23 August 2021
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	* Gothic architecture.		* Gothic architecture.
	* Gothic revival style.		* Gothic revival style.
		+	* Hammerbeam roof.
	* Oxford Movement.		* Oxford Movement.
	* Stained glass.		* Stained glass.

Editor at 09:49, 5 July 2021

2021-07-05T09:49:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:49, 5 July 2021
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	In 1840, the Gothic Revival style was incorporated into the Palace of Westminster, London (Architect: Augustus Pugin).		In 1840, the Gothic Revival style was incorporated into the Palace of Westminster, London (Architect: Augustus Pugin).
	\|}		\|}
		+
		+	--[[User:Heidi_Schwartz\|Heidi Schwartz]]

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

Designing Buildings at 07:28, 5 July 2021

2021-07-05T07:28:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:28, 5 July 2021
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	= Influences of the plague =		= Influences of the plague =

−	In 1348, the plague arrived in England. Its impact was felt ~~in intellectual~~ and ~~spiritual manners~~, ~~which were~~ represented in darker artistic interpretations and more vulnerable attitudes. In terms of practical matters, fewer masons were available after the plague, which meant architecture became even more minimalistic.	+	In 1348, the plague arrived in England. Its impact was felt intellectually and spiritually, represented in darker artistic interpretations and more vulnerable attitudes. In terms of practical matters, fewer masons were available after the plague, which meant architecture became even more minimalistic.

−	With the reign of Henry VII (1485 - 1509), the country gradually began to move away from the English Perpendicular style~~. English architecture started to move away from its solid Perpendicular concepts~~ to something more dramatic, realistic and fluid. This transition was influenced by the reintroduction of European craftsmanship and the Renaissance style.	+	With the reign of Henry VII (1485 - 1509), the country gradually began to move away from the English Perpendicular style to something more dramatic, realistic and fluid. This transition was influenced by the reintroduction of European craftsmanship and the Renaissance style.

−	The transition ~~away from English Perpendicular~~ was ~~further~~ accelerated ~~with~~ the crowning of Henry VIII (1509 - 1547), whose impact on the Catholic church was drastic in spiritual, organisational and aesthetic terms. During the Reformation, Gothic ornamentation was often removed, and the Renaissance style - with its sense of architectural classicism - ~~becomes~~ the predominant approach to English architecture ~~for several centuries~~.	+	The transition was accelerated by the crowning of Henry VIII (1509 - 1547), whose impact on the Catholic church was drastic in spiritual, organisational and aesthetic terms. During the Reformation, Gothic ornamentation was often removed, and the Renaissance style - with its sense of architectural classicism - became the predominant approach to English architecture.

−	~~It’s~~ not until the 18th century, ~~with~~ the Oxford Movement, that Gothic ~~revival returns~~ to England in the form of English Gothic Revival.	+	It was not until the 18th century, and the Oxford Movement, that Gothic returned to England in the form of English Gothic Revival.

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	[[File:Palace_of_westminster.JPG\|link=File:Palace_of_westminster.JPG]]		[[File:Palace_of_westminster.JPG\|link=File:Palace_of_westminster.JPG]]

−	In 1840, the Gothic Revival style is incorporated into the Palace of Westminster, London (Architect: Augustus ~~Welby Northmore~~ Pugin).	+	In 1840, the Gothic Revival style was incorporated into the Palace of Westminster, London (Architect: Augustus Pugin).
	\|}		\|}

Designing Buildings at 07:25, 5 July 2021

2021-07-05T07:25:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 5 July 2021
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Gothic is an architectural style applied mainly to religious buildings ~~in masonry in~~ the later middle ages, starting around the middle of the 12th century and lasting until the beginning of the 15th century. Originating in the Ile-de-France area of Paris, the Gothic period generally slots between Romanesque and Renaissance periods.	+	Gothic is an architectural style applied mainly to religious buildings from the later middle ages, starting around the middle of the 12th century and lasting until the beginning of the 15th century. Originating in the Ile-de-France area of Paris, the Gothic period generally slots between the Romanesque and Renaissance periods.

−	The main built form of the Gothic period was the cathedral (but also the church). The Gothic cathedral is seen as a ~~perfect~~ synthesis of architecture and structure, so much so that it is often very difficult to separate the two. This may be due to the fact that the designers were master craftsmen, skilled both in engineering and masonry.	+	The main built form of the Gothic period was the cathedral (but also the church). The Gothic cathedral is seen as a synthesis of architecture and structure, so much so that it is often very difficult to separate the two. This may be due to the fact that the designers were master craftsmen, skilled both in engineering and masonry.

	= Transforming the Romanesque style =		= Transforming the Romanesque style =
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	The massive construction and ‘blockiness’ of the Romanesque (or Norman) period gave way to the lightness of Gothic. Where the Romanesque cathedral had a feeling of being a stronghold, encircled by thick, massive walls, the Gothic builders (often peripatetic and unknown) tried to achieve an etherealness by dissolving the wall until it became almost diaphanous. The Gothic wall transformed into a thin shell of stone and glass.		The massive construction and ‘blockiness’ of the Romanesque (or Norman) period gave way to the lightness of Gothic. Where the Romanesque cathedral had a feeling of being a stronghold, encircled by thick, massive walls, the Gothic builders (often peripatetic and unknown) tried to achieve an etherealness by dissolving the wall until it became almost diaphanous. The Gothic wall transformed into a thin shell of stone and glass.

−	Large windows filled with stained glass provided a new way to filter light and affect the religious experience. Indeed, the Gothic is as much about structural prowess in masonry as it is about a new interpretation of light which was used to determine the character of the new construction. The mass of the building appears to dissolve, helped in part by ~~the~~ large ~~window areas~~, the longitudinal plan and the vertical lines leading the eye up to the roof.	+	Large windows filled with stained glass provided a new way to filter light and affect the religious experience. Indeed, the Gothic is as much about structural prowess in masonry as it is about a new interpretation of light which was used to determine the character of the new construction. The mass of the building appears to dissolve, helped in part by large windows, the longitudinal plan and the vertical lines leading the eye up to the roof.

−	This early form of the French Gothic style is sometimes referred to as Decorated Gothic (or Second Pointed) style. The French Decorated Gothic style first appeared in England at Canterbury Cathedral after a fire in 1174 destroyed a part of the building.	+	This early form of the French Gothic style is sometimes referred to as Decorated Gothic (or Second Pointed) style. The French Decorated Gothic style first appeared in England at Canterbury Cathedral after a fire in 1174 destroyed part of the building.

	{\|		{\|
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	= Transforming Decorated Gothic to Perpendicular Gothic =		= Transforming Decorated Gothic to Perpendicular Gothic =

−	The Decorated Gothic style continued to dominate architecture throughout Europe and England until the early 14th century, when the political climate promoted by Edward III prompted a break from this tradition. What resulted was English Perpendicular - a new, nationalistic interpretation of the Gothic style. Also referred to as Perpendicular Gothic, Rectilinear or Third Pointed Gothic, this style (mid-1300s until mid-1500s) was more ~~simplistic~~ than its French predecessor, but still visually dramatic. Gone were the fussy decorations, ~~which had been~~ replaced by innovative engineering in an architectural experiment.	+	The Decorated Gothic style continued to dominate architecture throughout Europe and England until the early 14th century, when the political climate promoted by Edward III prompted a break from this tradition. What resulted was English Perpendicular - a new, nationalistic interpretation of the Gothic style. Also referred to as Perpendicular Gothic, Rectilinear or Third Pointed Gothic, this style (mid-1300s until mid-1500s) was more simple than its French predecessor, but still visually dramatic. Gone were the fussy decorations, replaced by innovative engineering in an architectural experiment.

	{\|		{\|
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−	Considered a stylistic revolution, Perpendicular Gothic architecture was defined by its horizontal and vertical divisions. In the windows, this grid allowed for a more expansive use of stained glass which subsequently brought in a greater amount of natural light. As with the French Gothic style, windows were still dramatic and expansive, but the depictions of ~~the human~~ figures ~~within the stained glass~~ were ~~presented in a~~ more human and relatable context.	+	Considered a stylistic revolution, Perpendicular Gothic architecture was defined by its horizontal and vertical divisions. In the windows, this grid allowed for a more expansive use of stained glass which subsequently brought in a greater amount of natural light. As with the French Gothic style, windows were still dramatic and expansive, but the depictions of figures were more human and set in relatable context.

	In English Perpendicular, spires were often replaced with towers - supported by buttresses at the corners - that stretched to new heights. Ceilings - elaborately decorated with fan vaulting - were often supported by four-centred arches. Roofs were often made of lead and built with a slight slope, while interior roof timbers were sometimes exposed and decorated with carvings.		In English Perpendicular, spires were often replaced with towers - supported by buttresses at the corners - that stretched to new heights. Ceilings - elaborately decorated with fan vaulting - were often supported by four-centred arches. Roofs were often made of lead and built with a slight slope, while interior roof timbers were sometimes exposed and decorated with carvings.
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	\|}		\|}

−	Structurally, the buildings were more stable, and even small spaces appeared lofty, due to vertical lines that ~~produce~~ optical illusions and additional height. During this period, engineering and mathematics combined ~~to manifest itself~~ in ~~a depiction of~~ a sense of faith in architecture.	+	Structurally, the buildings were more stable, and even small spaces appeared lofty, due to vertical lines that produced optical illusions and additional height. During this period, engineering and mathematics combined in a sense of faith in architecture.

	= Influences of the plague =		= Influences of the plague =

Editor at 19:47, 2 July 2021

2021-07-02T19:47:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:47, 2 July 2021
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	[[File:NorwichPerpendicular.jpg\|link=File:NorwichPerpendicular.jpg]]		[[File:NorwichPerpendicular.jpg\|link=File:NorwichPerpendicular.jpg]]

−	First constructed in 1140, Norwich Cathedral was damaged during a peasant revolt in 1278. It was damaged again by a structural failure of the Norman spire in 1362, at which point a significant portion was rebuilt in the English Perpendicular style. The ~~current~~ spire was added in the late 15th century.	+	First constructed in 1140, Norwich Cathedral was damaged during a peasant revolt in 1278. It was damaged again by a structural failure of the Norman spire in 1362, at which point a significant portion of the building was rebuilt in the English Perpendicular style. The present spire was added in the late 15th century.
	\|}		\|}

Editor at 19:30, 2 July 2021

2021-07-02T19:30:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:30, 2 July 2021
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	= Transforming Decorated Gothic to Perpendicular Gothic =		= Transforming Decorated Gothic to Perpendicular Gothic =

−	The Decorated Gothic style continued to dominate architecture throughout Europe and England until the early 14th century, when the political climate promoted by Edward III prompted a break from this tradition. What resulted was English Perpendicular - a new, nationalistic interpretation of the Gothic style. Also referred to as Perpendicular Gothic, Rectilinear or Third Pointed Gothic, this style (mid-1300s until mid-1500s) was more simplistic than its French predecessor, but still dramatic. Gone were the fussy decorations, which had been replaced by innovative engineering in an architectural experiment.	+	The Decorated Gothic style continued to dominate architecture throughout Europe and England until the early 14th century, when the political climate promoted by Edward III prompted a break from this tradition. What resulted was English Perpendicular - a new, nationalistic interpretation of the Gothic style. Also referred to as Perpendicular Gothic, Rectilinear or Third Pointed Gothic, this style (mid-1300s until mid-1500s) was more simplistic than its French predecessor, but still visually dramatic. Gone were the fussy decorations, which had been replaced by innovative engineering in an architectural experiment.

	{\|		{\|
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	In 1348, the plague arrived in England. Its impact was felt in intellectual and spiritual manners, which were represented in darker artistic interpretations and more vulnerable attitudes. In terms of practical matters, fewer masons were available after the plague, which meant architecture became even more minimalistic.		In 1348, the plague arrived in England. Its impact was felt in intellectual and spiritual manners, which were represented in darker artistic interpretations and more vulnerable attitudes. In terms of practical matters, fewer masons were available after the plague, which meant architecture became even more minimalistic.

−	With the reign of Henry VII (1485 - 1509), the country gradually began to move away from the English Perpendicular style. English architecture started to move away from its solid Perpendicular concepts to something more dramatic, realistic and fluid. This transition is influenced by the reintroduction of European ~~sensibility~~ and the Renaissance style.	+	With the reign of Henry VII (1485 - 1509), the country gradually began to move away from the English Perpendicular style. English architecture started to move away from its solid Perpendicular concepts to something more dramatic, realistic and fluid. This transition was influenced by the reintroduction of European craftsmanship and the Renaissance style.

	The transition away from English Perpendicular was further accelerated with the crowning of Henry VIII (1509 - 1547), whose impact on the Catholic church was drastic in spiritual, organisational and aesthetic terms. During the Reformation, Gothic ornamentation was often removed, and the Renaissance style - with its sense of architectural classicism - becomes the predominant approach to English architecture for several centuries.		The transition away from English Perpendicular was further accelerated with the crowning of Henry VIII (1509 - 1547), whose impact on the Catholic church was drastic in spiritual, organisational and aesthetic terms. During the Reformation, Gothic ornamentation was often removed, and the Renaissance style - with its sense of architectural classicism - becomes the predominant approach to English architecture for several centuries.
Line 86:		Line 86:
	* Gothic revival style.		* Gothic revival style.
	* Oxford Movement.		* Oxford Movement.
		+	* Stained glass.
		+	* Vault.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Conservation]]