Design for deconstruction, office building - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:55, 15 November 2020

2020-11-15T08:55:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:55, 15 November 2020
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	\| External & internal walls		\| External & internal walls
	\|		\|
−	Main external wall – 100 mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100 mm insulation, 150 mm dense block work, dense plaster	+	Main external wall – 100 mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100 mm insulation, 150 mm dense block work, dense plaster Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing
−	Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing	+

	Internal wall – Timber framed stud partitions, plaster board		Internal wall – Timber framed stud partitions, plaster board
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	\| Roof		\| Roof
	\|		\|
−	Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200 mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board	+	Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200 mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200 mm insulation, 150 mm concrete, plaster
−	Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200 mm insulation, 150 mm concrete, plaster	+

	Aluminium eaves welded to steel channel sections		Aluminium eaves welded to steel channel sections
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	\| Windows & doors		\| Windows & doors
	\|		\|
−	Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass	+	Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors
−	Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors	+

	Shading – Glazed louvres fixed using aluminium brackets attached to vertical metal frames		Shading – Glazed louvres fixed using aluminium brackets attached to vertical metal frames
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	\|-		\|-
	\| Services		\| Services
−	\|	+	\| Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas
−	Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels	+
−	Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas	+
	\|-		\|-
	\| Fixtures and fittings		\| Fixtures and fittings
	\|		\|
−	Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets	+	Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets Steel staircase and balustrading
−	Steel staircase and balustrading	+

	Prefabricated aluminium gutter, bolted to isobar system		Prefabricated aluminium gutter, bolted to isobar system
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	* Sustainable materials.		* Sustainable materials.

−	[[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Project_Knowledge~~]] [[Category:~~Research_/_Innovation~~]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Editor at 15:28, 10 October 2018

2018-10-10T15:28:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:28, 10 October 2018
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−	~~This article was written by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016.~~
−
−	~~[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]~~
−
	[[File:BREoffice1.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice1.jpg]]		[[File:BREoffice1.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice1.jpg]]

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	{\|		{\|
−	\|width="50%"\|~~Element~~	+	\|width="50%"\| ELEMENT
−	\|width="50%"\|~~Description~~	+	\|width="50%"\| DESCRIPTION
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Foundation	+	\| Foundation
−	\|Concrete strip foundation	+	\| Concrete strip foundation
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Ground floor	+	\| Ground floor
−	\|In-situ concrete slab, rigid PIR insulation, screed	+	\| In-situ concrete slab, rigid PIR insulation, screed
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Upper floor	+	\| Upper floor
−	\|Pre-fabricated raised access concrete floor, carpet tiles	+	\| Pre-fabricated raised access concrete floor, carpet tiles
	\|-		\|-
−	\|External & internal walls	+	\| External & internal walls
−	\|Main external wall – ~~100mm~~ reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), ~~100mm~~ insulation, ~~150mm~~ dense block work, dense plaster	+	\|
		+	Main external wall – 100 mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100 mm insulation, 150 mm dense block work, dense plaster
	Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing		Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing

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	Stack – Rendered, Precast concrete wall and glass bricks		Stack – Rendered, Precast concrete wall and glass bricks
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Roof	+	\| Roof
−	\|Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, ~~200mm~~ insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board	+	\|
−	Flat roof areas – Aluminium, ~~200mm~~ insulation, ~~150mm~~ concrete, plaster	+	Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200 mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board
		+	Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200 mm insulation, 150 mm concrete, plaster

	Aluminium eaves welded to steel channel sections		Aluminium eaves welded to steel channel sections
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	Aluminium coping, gutter, flashing		Aluminium coping, gutter, flashing
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Windows & doors	+	\| Windows & doors
−	\|Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass	+	\|
		+	Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass
	Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors		Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors

	Shading – Glazed louvres fixed using aluminium brackets attached to vertical metal frames		Shading – Glazed louvres fixed using aluminium brackets attached to vertical metal frames
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Floor finishes	+	\| Floor finishes
−	\|Carpet tiles, ceramic tiles, hardwood tongue and groove flooring	+	\| Carpet tiles, ceramic tiles, hardwood tongue and groove flooring
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Cladding	+	\| Cladding
−	\|Cedar cladding	+	\| Cedar cladding
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Sanitary ware	+	\| Sanitary ware
−	\|Ceramic dual flush WC; sink with low flow taps; wet room with ceramic tiling, steel bath	+	\| Ceramic dual flush WC; sink with low flow taps; wet room with ceramic tiling, steel bath
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Services	+	\| Services
−	\|Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels	+	\|
		+	Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels
	Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas		Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas
	\|-		\|-
−	\|Fixtures and fittings	+	\| Fixtures and fittings
−	\|Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets	+	\|
		+	Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets
	Steel staircase and balustrading		Steel staircase and balustrading

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	Aluminium flashing, metal eaves welded to steel C sections		Aluminium flashing, metal eaves welded to steel C sections
	\|}		\|}
−
−

	= Project documentation =		= Project documentation =
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	-----		-----
		+	This article was written by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016.
		+
		+	[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]
		+
	--[[User:BRE_Buzz\|BRE Buzz]]		--[[User:BRE_Buzz\|BRE Buzz]]

	[[BRE_Buzz_articles_on_Designing_Buildings_Wiki\|Read more BRE Buzz articles here.]]		[[BRE_Buzz_articles_on_Designing_Buildings_Wiki\|Read more BRE Buzz articles here.]]

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Airtightness of energy efficient buildings.		* Airtightness of energy efficient buildings.
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	* [[Design_for_deconstruction,_BRE_modular_show_house\|Design for deconstruction, BRE modular show home.]]		* [[Design_for_deconstruction,_BRE_modular_show_house\|Design for deconstruction, BRE modular show home.]]
	* Design for deconstruction, ski slope.		* Design for deconstruction, ski slope.
		+	* Office.
	* Pre-demolition and pre-refurbishment audits.		* Pre-demolition and pre-refurbishment audits.
	* The Hive.		* The Hive.
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	* Sustainable materials.		* Sustainable materials.

−	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Editor at 11:26, 25 July 2017

2017-07-25T11:26:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:26, 25 July 2017
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	* Sustainable materials.		* Sustainable materials.

−	~~[[Category:Organisations]]~~ [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Designing Buildings at 18:51, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T18:51:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:51, 16 March 2016
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−	This article was ~~created~~ by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016.	+	This article was written by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016.

	[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]		[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]
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	This building was built as the first ‘Energy Efficient Office of the Future’ and represented a major advance in the design of low energy buildings. It was designed to demonstrate techniques which can be used in future low energy and environmentally-friendly offices.		This building was built as the first ‘Energy Efficient Office of the Future’ and represented a major advance in the design of low energy buildings. It was designed to demonstrate techniques which can be used in future low energy and environmentally-friendly offices.

−	The building is naturally ventilated and uses its thermal mass to moderate ~~the~~ high summertime temperatures. Water is abstracted from a borehole and used as a very energy-efficient source of additional cooling for the building. The offices have a high proportion of glazing to make maximum use of daylight, together with solar louvres to limit solar heat gain. Other features ~~are~~ a super-efficient lighting system, sophisticated controls, photovoltaic panels and the extensive use of recycled materials.	+	The building is naturally ventilated and uses its thermal mass to moderate high summertime temperatures. Water is abstracted from a borehole and used as a very energy-efficient source of additional cooling for the building. The offices have a high proportion of glazing to make maximum use of daylight, together with solar louvres to limit solar heat gain. Other features include a super-efficient lighting system, sophisticated controls, photovoltaic panels and the extensive use of recycled materials.

	= Building description =		= Building description =
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	The concrete building consists of two parts – approximately 1,300 m² of offices for about 100 staff and about 800 m² of seminar facilities. The building is approximately 2,040 m² total gross area and 1,470 m² of net usable area. The stack face of the building faces almost exactly due north south with the main seminar room on the north side of the offices. The offices are 30 m x 13.5 m with the long axis running east-west, with the west wall connecting to the entrance atrium. The stacks and the solar shading are on the southerly facade of the offices.		The concrete building consists of two parts – approximately 1,300 m² of offices for about 100 staff and about 800 m² of seminar facilities. The building is approximately 2,040 m² total gross area and 1,470 m² of net usable area. The stack face of the building faces almost exactly due north south with the main seminar room on the north side of the offices. The offices are 30 m x 13.5 m with the long axis running east-west, with the west wall connecting to the entrance atrium. The stacks and the solar shading are on the southerly facade of the offices.

−	The offices are on three floors and are on a regular grid, 4.5 m north zone, 1.5 m corridor zone and 7.5 m south zone. The ceilings of the ground and first floors are 3.4 m high at their peak. The second floor has a southerly facing sloping roof which varies from 2.5 m up to 5 m in height. The building specification ~~are~~ summarised in the table below.	+	The offices are on three floors and are on a regular grid, 4.5 m north zone, 1.5 m corridor zone and 7.5 m south zone. The ceilings of the ground and first floors are 3.4 m high at their peak. The second floor has a southerly facing sloping roof which varies from 2.5 m up to 5 m in height. The building specification is summarised in the table below.

	{\|		{\|
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	= Project documentation =		= Project documentation =

−	No project specific deconstruction is available. However, detailed construction drawings are available. This will enable the demolition contractor to develop a suitable approach for deconstruction.	+	No project-specific deconstruction information is available. However, detailed construction drawings are available. This will enable the demolition contractor to develop a suitable approach for deconstruction.

	== Connections ==		== Connections ==
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	Upper floor: Precast concrete raised floor panels are laid in sections which can be dismantled safely. The floor construction is shown in Figure 1.		Upper floor: Precast concrete raised floor panels are laid in sections which can be dismantled safely. The floor construction is shown in Figure 1.

−	The reclaimed hardwood flooring was applied using glue, limiting ~~it for~~ further reuse.	+	The reclaimed hardwood flooring was applied using glue, limiting its further reuse.

−	External ~~&~~ internal walls: External brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using a cement mortar, making it difficult to remove the bricks for ruse without considerable damage. The plastered internal wall would have to be demolished. Plaster boards screwed on to timber stud walls can be manually un-screwed. Skirting boards nailed to plaster boards can be removed.	+	External and internal walls: External brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using a cement mortar, making it difficult to remove the bricks for ruse without considerable damage. The plastered internal wall would have to be demolished. Plaster boards screwed on to timber stud walls can be manually un-screwed. Skirting boards nailed to plaster boards can be removed.

−	Roof: Aluminium roofing is fixed using self-drilling and threading screws to the metal framing which can be dismantled. All other elements fixed using bolts, screws and nails such as steel columns, metal decking, timber tongue and groove boards, timber panels, eaves, aluminium louvre blades, coping, flashing, gutters can be removed. Figure 2 shows drawings or the roof construction.	+	Roof: Aluminium roofing is fixed using self-drilling and threading screws to the metal framing which can be dismantled. All other elements fixed using bolts, screws and nails such as steel columns, metal decking, timber tongue and groove boards, timber panels, eaves, aluminium louvre blades, coping, flashing, gutters can be removed. Figure 2 shows drawings of the roof construction.

	[[File:BREoffice3.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice3.jpg]]		[[File:BREoffice3.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice3.jpg]]
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	Score achieved 69%		Score achieved 69%

−	Foundation: There is no accessibility without damage to surrounding materials	+	Foundation: There is no accessibility without damage to surrounding materials.

	Stacks: There are lockable external access panels, portable drop-in access platform attached to a service ladder within the stack which allows safe cleaning and maintenance of all stacks.		Stacks: There are lockable external access panels, portable drop-in access platform attached to a service ladder within the stack which allows safe cleaning and maintenance of all stacks.
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	Removable aluminium louvre blades acting as solar shading /radiating panel. Figure 3 shows the stack construction.		Removable aluminium louvre blades acting as solar shading /radiating panel. Figure 3 shows the stack construction.

−	Services in the building are minimal and run along the raised access floors or via ceiling voids which can be easily accessed for maintenance or removal. The plant rooms in the ground floor, conference hall roof and the first floor allow good level of access to service and dismantle/ remove any machinery.	+	Services in the building are minimal and run along the raised access floors or via ceiling voids which can be easily accessed for maintenance or removal. The plant rooms in the ground floor, conference hall roof and the first floor allow a good level of access to service and dismantle/ remove any machinery.

	== Reuse and recycling potential ==		== Reuse and recycling potential ==
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	Score achieved 64%		Score achieved 64%
−
−	~~The key considerations are:~~

	Recycling of the concrete foundation and ground floor is possible depending on whether it is possible to separate and sort the steel and concrete cost-effectively. The PIR insulation could be sent for energy recovery, rather than recycling.		Recycling of the concrete foundation and ground floor is possible depending on whether it is possible to separate and sort the steel and concrete cost-effectively. The PIR insulation could be sent for energy recovery, rather than recycling.

−	~~External~~ brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using cement mortar, making it difficult to reuse. The internal block wall can be recycled as aggregate.	+	The external brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using cement mortar, making it difficult to reuse. The internal block wall can be recycled as aggregate.

−	Steel frames bolted to the floors and roof joists can be re-used. All aluminium (head drip over windows and flashing) elements used in the building is recyclable.	+	Steel frames bolted to the floors and roof joists can be re-used. All aluminium (head drip over windows and flashing) elements used in the building are recyclable.

−	Plasterboard used in the ceiling and partitions are recyclable. Internal and external timber battens for installing plaster board and cladding is recyclable and partly reusable; similarly the external ~~cedar~~ untreated cedar cladding is also reusable.	+	Plasterboard used in the ceiling and partitions are recyclable. Internal and external timber battens for installing plaster board and cladding is recyclable and partly reusable; similarly the external untreated cedar cladding is also reusable.

	OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, breather and vapour control membrane in the ground floor and roof are currently non-recyclable or re-useable. Glulam beams and purlins, and composite aluminium/timber framed windows although non-recyclable could be reused if they can be removed intact.		OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, breather and vapour control membrane in the ground floor and roof are currently non-recyclable or re-useable. Glulam beams and purlins, and composite aluminium/timber framed windows although non-recyclable could be reused if they can be removed intact.
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	Score achieved: 74%		Score achieved: 74%

−	Internal floor finishes, doors and fittings can be soft stripped manually, with hand tools to minimise damage caused by large machinery. Following this, it is possible to strip off building components such as the roofing, cladding, windows and finally framing and foundations ~~can be done~~ with excavators or cranes. This may have to be followed by more detailed manual separation of individual fixings and components (either on-site or off-site). Timber floors and fittings may require soaking with water to avoid splitting prior to removal.	+	Internal floor finishes, doors and fittings can be soft stripped manually, with hand tools to minimise damage caused by large machinery. Following this, it is possible to strip off building components such as the roofing, cladding, windows and finally framing and foundations with excavators or cranes. This may have to be followed by more detailed manual separation of individual fixings and components (either on-site or off-site). Timber floors and fittings may require soaking with water to avoid splitting prior to removal.

	== Fixtures and fittings ==		== Fixtures and fittings ==
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	[[File:BREoffice9.png\|link=File:BREoffice9.png]]		[[File:BREoffice9.png\|link=File:BREoffice9.png]]

−	The office ~~case study~~ scored 72% overall for its DfD potential. Elements which had greater potential for DfD are the services which run along the raised access floors or ceiling voids making them accessible, the roof and the upper floor. The connections criteria (91%) and the optimisation of the deconstruction process (74%) scored the highest and reuse and recycling potential the lowest (64%). Most of the components could be dismantled using non-specialised equipment, as mechanical fixings are commonly used.	+	The office scored 72% overall for its DfD potential. Elements which had greater potential for DfD are the services which run along the raised access floors or ceiling voids making them accessible, the roof and the upper floor. The connections criteria (91%) and the optimisation of the deconstruction process (74%) scored the highest and reuse and recycling potential the lowest (64%). Most of the components could be dismantled using non-specialised equipment, as mechanical fixings are commonly used.

	Key issues summarised are:		Key issues summarised are:

−	The use of lime mortar rather than cement mortar for the reclaimed brick external wall would enable future reuse.	+	* The use of lime mortar rather than cement mortar for the reclaimed brick external wall would enable future reuse.
−		+	* It is preferable to fix the hardwood parquet flooring using nails or other mechanical fixings rather than glue, which could limit the reuse potential.
−	It is preferable to fix the hardwood parquet flooring using nails or other mechanical fixings rather than glue, which could limit the reuse potential.	+	* Consideration of materials that have a potential recycling route (if reuse is not appropriate). Products that are difficult to recycle currently include the OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, and breather and vapour control.
−		+	* Reuse of precast concrete products, e.g. the raised floor panels, can be reused, however it is likely that information would be required with regard to their service life, structural integrity and load capacity etc. It could also be difficult to find another suitable application, without having to alter the dimensions of the panels.
−	Consideration of materials that have a potential recycling route (if reuse if not appropriate). Products that are difficult to recycle currently include the OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, and breather and vapour control.	+	* Due to considerations given to access for the services and the stack during the design – it makes them score highly for accessibility at the end of life.
−		+
−	Reuse of precast concrete products, e.g. the raised floor panels, can be reused, however it is likely that information would be required with regard to their service life, structural integrity and load capacity etc. It could also be difficult to find another suitable application, without having to alter the dimensions of the panels.	+
−		+
−	Due to considerations given to access for the services and the stack during the design – it makes them score highly for accessibility at the end of life.	+

	-----		-----

81.158.143.80 at 18:38, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T18:38:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 16 March 2016
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	Figure 3: Showing the stack roof construction		Figure 3: Showing the stack roof construction
−
−	~~== ==~~

	== Accessibility ==		== Accessibility ==
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	Services in the building are minimal and run along the raised access floors or via ceiling voids which can be easily accessed for maintenance or removal. The plant rooms in the ground floor, conference hall roof and the first floor allow good level of access to service and dismantle/ remove any machinery.		Services in the building are minimal and run along the raised access floors or via ceiling voids which can be easily accessed for maintenance or removal. The plant rooms in the ground floor, conference hall roof and the first floor allow good level of access to service and dismantle/ remove any machinery.
−
−	~~== ==~~

	== Reuse and recycling potential ==		== Reuse and recycling potential ==
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	The aluminium louvre blades could be dismantled for reuse, however as they are specialised they are more likely to be recycled for a high monetary value.		The aluminium louvre blades could be dismantled for reuse, however as they are specialised they are more likely to be recycled for a high monetary value.
−
−	~~== ==~~

	== Optimisation of deconstruction ==		== Optimisation of deconstruction ==
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	Internal floor finishes, doors and fittings can be soft stripped manually, with hand tools to minimise damage caused by large machinery. Following this, it is possible to strip off building components such as the roofing, cladding, windows and finally framing and foundations can be done with excavators or cranes. This may have to be followed by more detailed manual separation of individual fixings and components (either on-site or off-site). Timber floors and fittings may require soaking with water to avoid splitting prior to removal.		Internal floor finishes, doors and fittings can be soft stripped manually, with hand tools to minimise damage caused by large machinery. Following this, it is possible to strip off building components such as the roofing, cladding, windows and finally framing and foundations can be done with excavators or cranes. This may have to be followed by more detailed manual separation of individual fixings and components (either on-site or off-site). Timber floors and fittings may require soaking with water to avoid splitting prior to removal.
−
−

	== Fixtures and fittings ==		== Fixtures and fittings ==

Editor at 11:03, 15 March 2016

2016-03-15T11:03:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:03, 15 March 2016
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	-----		-----
		+	--[[User:BRE_Buzz\|BRE Buzz]]
		+
	[[BRE_Buzz_articles_on_Designing_Buildings_Wiki\|Read more BRE Buzz articles here.]]		[[BRE_Buzz_articles_on_Designing_Buildings_Wiki\|Read more BRE Buzz articles here.]]

Editor at 10:55, 15 March 2016

2016-03-15T10:55:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:55, 15 March 2016
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	[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]		[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]

−	[[File:BREoffice1.jpg]]	+	[[File:BREoffice1.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice1.jpg]]

	This is the fifth in a series of case studies that use a new methodology to assess the deconstruction potential of new build properties. The case studies and methodology have been funded by the BRE Trust to raise awareness amongst architects, designers and contractors of the potential of Design for Deconstruction (DfD) to create more sustainable buildings and lead to better deconstruction outcomes.		This is the fifth in a series of case studies that use a new methodology to assess the deconstruction potential of new build properties. The case studies and methodology have been funded by the BRE Trust to raise awareness amongst architects, designers and contractors of the potential of Design for Deconstruction (DfD) to create more sustainable buildings and lead to better deconstruction outcomes.
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	\|External & internal walls		\|External & internal walls
	\|Main external wall – 100mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100mm insulation, 150mm dense block work, dense plaster		\|Main external wall – 100mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100mm insulation, 150mm dense block work, dense plaster
−
	Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing		Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing

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	\|Roof		\|Roof
	\|Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board		\|Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board
−
	Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200mm insulation, 150mm concrete, plaster		Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200mm insulation, 150mm concrete, plaster

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	\|Windows & doors		\|Windows & doors
	\|Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass		\|Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass
−
	Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors		Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors

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	\|Services		\|Services
	\|Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels		\|Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels
−
	Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas		Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas
	\|-		\|-
	\|Fixtures and fittings		\|Fixtures and fittings
	\|Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets		\|Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets
−
	Steel staircase and balustrading		Steel staircase and balustrading

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	== Connections ==		== Connections ==

−	[[File:BREoffice2.png]]	+	[[File:BREoffice2.png\|link=File:BREoffice2.png]]

	Score achieved 91%		Score achieved 91%
Line 103:		Line 98:
	Roof: Aluminium roofing is fixed using self-drilling and threading screws to the metal framing which can be dismantled. All other elements fixed using bolts, screws and nails such as steel columns, metal decking, timber tongue and groove boards, timber panels, eaves, aluminium louvre blades, coping, flashing, gutters can be removed. Figure 2 shows drawings or the roof construction.		Roof: Aluminium roofing is fixed using self-drilling and threading screws to the metal framing which can be dismantled. All other elements fixed using bolts, screws and nails such as steel columns, metal decking, timber tongue and groove boards, timber panels, eaves, aluminium louvre blades, coping, flashing, gutters can be removed. Figure 2 shows drawings or the roof construction.

−	[[File:BREoffice3.jpg]]	+	[[File:BREoffice3.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice3.jpg]]

	Figure 1: Floor construction		Figure 1: Floor construction

−	[[File:BREoffice4.jpg]]	+	[[File:BREoffice4.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice4.jpg]]

	Figure 2: Drawings showing the roof construction		Figure 2: Drawings showing the roof construction

−	[[File:BREoffice5.jpg]]	+	[[File:BREoffice5.jpg\|link=File:BREoffice5.jpg]]

	Figure 3: Showing the stack roof construction		Figure 3: Showing the stack roof construction
Line 119:		Line 114:
	== Accessibility ==		== Accessibility ==

−	[[File:BREoffice6.png]]	+	[[File:BREoffice6.png\|link=File:BREoffice6.png]]

	Score achieved 69%		Score achieved 69%
Line 135:		Line 130:
	== Reuse and recycling potential ==		== Reuse and recycling potential ==

−	[[File:BREoffice7.png]]	+	[[File:BREoffice7.png\|link=File:BREoffice7.png]]

	Score achieved 64%		Score achieved 64%
Line 159:		Line 154:
	== Optimisation of deconstruction ==		== Optimisation of deconstruction ==

−	[[File:BREoffice8.png]]	+	[[File:BREoffice8.png\|link=File:BREoffice8.png]]

	Score achieved: 74%		Score achieved: 74%
Line 173:		Line 168:
	= Summary =		= Summary =

−	[[File:BREoffice9.png]]	+	[[File:BREoffice9.png\|link=File:BREoffice9.png]]

	The office case study scored 72% overall for its DfD potential. Elements which had greater potential for DfD are the services which run along the raised access floors or ceiling voids making them accessible, the roof and the upper floor. The connections criteria (91%) and the optimisation of the deconstruction process (74%) scored the highest and reuse and recycling potential the lowest (64%). Most of the components could be dismantled using non-specialised equipment, as mechanical fixings are commonly used.		The office case study scored 72% overall for its DfD potential. Elements which had greater potential for DfD are the services which run along the raised access floors or ceiling voids making them accessible, the roof and the upper floor. The connections criteria (91%) and the optimisation of the deconstruction process (74%) scored the highest and reuse and recycling potential the lowest (64%). Most of the components could be dismantled using non-specialised equipment, as mechanical fixings are commonly used.
Line 202:		Line 197:
	* BREEAM.		* BREEAM.
	* Design for deconstruction.		* Design for deconstruction.
−	* Design for deconstruction, modular show home.	+	* [[Design_for_deconstruction,_BRE_modular_show_house\|Design for deconstruction, BRE modular show home.]]
	* Design for deconstruction, ski slope.		* Design for deconstruction, ski slope.
−	* ~~Qualitative~~ and pre-refurbishment audits.	+	* Pre-demolition and pre-refurbishment audits.
	* The Hive.		* The Hive.
	* Structural systems for offices.		* Structural systems for offices.

Editor: Created page with "This article was created by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016. [http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-offi..."

2016-03-15T10:54:03Z

Created page with "This article was created by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016. [http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-offi..."

New page

This article was created by Katherine Adams. It was originally published on BRE Buzz in February 2016.

[http://brebuzz.net/2016/02/15/design-for-deconstruction-case-study-5-office-building/ You can see the original article here.]

[[File:BREoffice1.jpg]]

This is the fifth in a series of case studies that use a new methodology to assess the deconstruction potential of new build properties. The case studies and methodology have been funded by the BRE Trust to raise awareness amongst architects, designers and contractors of the potential of Design for Deconstruction (DfD) to create more sustainable buildings and lead to better deconstruction outcomes.

= Introduction =

This building was built as the first ‘Energy Efficient Office of the Future’ and represented a major advance in the design of low energy buildings. It was designed to demonstrate techniques which can be used in future low energy and environmentally-friendly offices.

The building is naturally ventilated and uses its thermal mass to moderate the high summertime temperatures. Water is abstracted from a borehole and used as a very energy-efficient source of additional cooling for the building. The offices have a high proportion of glazing to make maximum use of daylight, together with solar louvres to limit solar heat gain. Other features are a super-efficient lighting system, sophisticated controls, photovoltaic panels and the extensive use of recycled materials.

= Building description =

The concrete building consists of two parts – approximately 1,300 m² of offices for about 100 staff and about 800 m² of seminar facilities. The building is approximately 2,040 m² total gross area and 1,470 m² of net usable area. The stack face of the building faces almost exactly due north south with the main seminar room on the north side of the offices. The offices are 30 m x 13.5 m with the long axis running east-west, with the west wall connecting to the entrance atrium. The stacks and the solar shading are on the southerly facade of the offices.

The offices are on three floors and are on a regular grid, 4.5 m north zone, 1.5 m corridor zone and 7.5 m south zone. The ceilings of the ground and first floors are 3.4 m high at their peak. The second floor has a southerly facing sloping roof which varies from 2.5 m up to 5 m in height. The building specification are summarised in the table below.

{|
|width="50%"|Element
|width="50%"|Description
|-
|Foundation
|Concrete strip foundation
|-
|Ground floor
|In-situ concrete slab, rigid PIR insulation, screed
|-
|Upper floor
|Pre-fabricated raised access concrete floor, carpet tiles
|-
|External & internal walls
|Main external wall – 100mm reclaimed brickwork with Portland cement), 100mm insulation, 150mm dense block work, dense plaster

Timber framed insulated, internally timber panelled, external ply for aluminium flashing

Internal wall – Timber framed stud partitions, plaster board

Stack – Rendered, Precast concrete wall and glass bricks
|-
|Roof
|Main office block roof – Aluminium, breather membrane, 200mm insulation, vapour check barrier, timber decking on Glulam beams, or steel frame, plaster board

Flat roof areas – Aluminium, 200mm insulation, 150mm concrete, plaster

Aluminium eaves welded to steel channel sections

Aluminium coping, gutter, flashing
|-
|Windows & doors
|Aluminium/timber composite frame, Double glazed low E argon filled glass

Aluminium/timber composite frame full glazed doors, solid timber doors

Shading – Glazed louvres fixed using aluminium brackets attached to vertical metal frames
|-
|Floor finishes
|Carpet tiles, ceramic tiles, hardwood tongue and groove flooring
|-
|Cladding
|Cedar cladding
|-
|Sanitary ware
|Ceramic dual flush WC; sink with low flow taps; wet room with ceramic tiling, steel bath
|-
|Services
|Ground source heat pump, gas fired condensing boilers and photovoltaic panels

Heating flow and return: running below raised floor to serve office radiators, above ceiling in ground floor toilet areas
|-
|Fixtures and fittings
|Fitted chipboard kitchen units including cabinets

Steel staircase and balustrading

Prefabricated aluminium gutter, bolted to isobar system

Aluminium flashing, metal eaves welded to steel C sections
|}

= Project documentation =

No project specific deconstruction is available. However, detailed construction drawings are available. This will enable the demolition contractor to develop a suitable approach for deconstruction.

== Connections ==

[[File:BREoffice2.png]]

Score achieved 91%

Foundation and ground floor: The in-situ concrete construction can be accessed after dismantling the external walls.

Upper floor: Precast concrete raised floor panels are laid in sections which can be dismantled safely. The floor construction is shown in Figure 1.

The reclaimed hardwood flooring was applied using glue, limiting it for further reuse.

External & internal walls: External brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using a cement mortar, making it difficult to remove the bricks for ruse without considerable damage. The plastered internal wall would have to be demolished. Plaster boards screwed on to timber stud walls can be manually un-screwed. Skirting boards nailed to plaster boards can be removed.

Roof: Aluminium roofing is fixed using self-drilling and threading screws to the metal framing which can be dismantled. All other elements fixed using bolts, screws and nails such as steel columns, metal decking, timber tongue and groove boards, timber panels, eaves, aluminium louvre blades, coping, flashing, gutters can be removed. Figure 2 shows drawings or the roof construction.

[[File:BREoffice3.jpg]]

Figure 1: Floor construction

[[File:BREoffice4.jpg]]

Figure 2: Drawings showing the roof construction

[[File:BREoffice5.jpg]]

Figure 3: Showing the stack roof construction

== ==

== Accessibility ==

[[File:BREoffice6.png]]

Score achieved 69%

Foundation: There is no accessibility without damage to surrounding materials

Stacks: There are lockable external access panels, portable drop-in access platform attached to a service ladder within the stack which allows safe cleaning and maintenance of all stacks.

Removable aluminium louvre blades acting as solar shading /radiating panel. Figure 3 shows the stack construction.

Services in the building are minimal and run along the raised access floors or via ceiling voids which can be easily accessed for maintenance or removal. The plant rooms in the ground floor, conference hall roof and the first floor allow good level of access to service and dismantle/ remove any machinery.

== ==

== Reuse and recycling potential ==

[[File:BREoffice7.png]]

Score achieved 64%

The key considerations are:

Recycling of the concrete foundation and ground floor is possible depending on whether it is possible to separate and sort the steel and concrete cost-effectively. The PIR insulation could be sent for energy recovery, rather than recycling.

External brick leaf of the cavity wall was installed using cement mortar, making it difficult to reuse. The internal block wall can be recycled as aggregate.

Steel frames bolted to the floors and roof joists can be re-used. All aluminium (head drip over windows and flashing) elements used in the building is recyclable.

Plasterboard used in the ceiling and partitions are recyclable. Internal and external timber battens for installing plaster board and cladding is recyclable and partly reusable; similarly the external cedar untreated cedar cladding is also reusable.

OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, breather and vapour control membrane in the ground floor and roof are currently non-recyclable or re-useable. Glulam beams and purlins, and composite aluminium/timber framed windows although non-recyclable could be reused if they can be removed intact.

The carpet tiles can be replaced and reused, however it would be difficult to reuse the reclaimed hardwood flooring; it would be more suitable for recycling.

The aluminium louvre blades could be dismantled for reuse, however as they are specialised they are more likely to be recycled for a high monetary value.

== ==

== Optimisation of deconstruction ==

[[File:BREoffice8.png]]

Score achieved: 74%

Internal floor finishes, doors and fittings can be soft stripped manually, with hand tools to minimise damage caused by large machinery. Following this, it is possible to strip off building components such as the roofing, cladding, windows and finally framing and foundations can be done with excavators or cranes. This may have to be followed by more detailed manual separation of individual fixings and components (either on-site or off-site). Timber floors and fittings may require soaking with water to avoid splitting prior to removal.

== Fixtures and fittings ==

The kitchen units are built in and are made of chipboard and stainless steel handles. Recycling is possible, but the more likely route is to become a fuel source. The worktops are manufactured from recycled plastic coffee cups. All the wardrobes doors are ply faced and these could be successfully reused. The main staircase is constructed from steel sections with steel balustrades, which can be unbolted and reused.

= Summary =

[[File:BREoffice9.png]]

The office case study scored 72% overall for its DfD potential. Elements which had greater potential for DfD are the services which run along the raised access floors or ceiling voids making them accessible, the roof and the upper floor. The connections criteria (91%) and the optimisation of the deconstruction process (74%) scored the highest and reuse and recycling potential the lowest (64%). Most of the components could be dismantled using non-specialised equipment, as mechanical fixings are commonly used.

Key issues summarised are:

The use of lime mortar rather than cement mortar for the reclaimed brick external wall would enable future reuse.

It is preferable to fix the hardwood parquet flooring using nails or other mechanical fixings rather than glue, which could limit the reuse potential.

Consideration of materials that have a potential recycling route (if reuse if not appropriate). Products that are difficult to recycle currently include the OSB boards, mineral wool insulation, and breather and vapour control.

Reuse of precast concrete products, e.g. the raised floor panels, can be reused, however it is likely that information would be required with regard to their service life, structural integrity and load capacity etc. It could also be difficult to find another suitable application, without having to alter the dimensions of the panels.

Due to considerations given to access for the services and the stack during the design – it makes them score highly for accessibility at the end of life.

-----
[[BRE_Buzz_articles_on_Designing_Buildings_Wiki|Read more BRE Buzz articles here.]]

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

* Airtightness of energy efficient buildings.
* Building Research Establishment.
* BRE articles.
* BRE Trust.
* BREEAM.
* Design for deconstruction.
* Design for deconstruction, modular show home.
* Design for deconstruction, ski slope.
* Qualitative and pre-refurbishment audits.
* The Hive.
* Structural systems for offices.
* Sustainable materials.

[[Category:Organisations]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Theory]] [[Category:Sustainability]]