Crowd flow - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 10:30, 12 December 2022

2022-12-12T10:30:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:30, 12 December 2022
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−	Crowd flow describes how crowds form, and the speed or direction they move around a space~~, where a~~ crowd might be considered as anything above a density of one person per square metre. As crowd density increases, it is likely that the speed of the crowd flow decreases, crowd dynamics studies the science ~~around~~ different aspects of crowd flow.	+	[[File:Pedestrians-g1c933f127 1280.jpg]]
		+
		+	= What is crowd flow? =
		+
		+	Crowd flow describes how crowds form, and the speed or direction they move around a space. A crowd might be considered as anything above a density of one person per square metre.
		+
		+	As crowd density increases, it is likely that the speed of the crowd flow decreases, crowd dynamics studies the science of different aspects of crowd flow.

	= Crowd safety =		= Crowd safety =

−	As densities increase so can the severity of impacts that result from the overcrowding, such as increased stress to minor or serious injury. This field of study and concerns for crowd safety can be an important element ~~to be considered~~ in the design of venues, transport interchanges, event spaces, sports arenas or anywhere that large crowds are likely to enter, exit gather or move around ~~a a space~~.	+	As densities increase so can the severity of impacts that result from the overcrowding, such as increased stress to minor or serious injury. This field of study and concerns for crowd safety can be an important element in the design of venues, transport interchanges, event spaces, sports arenas or anywhere that large crowds are likely to enter, exit gather or move around.

−	~~In crowd~~ safety ~~terminology~~ is concerned with ~~the audience~~ ingress, circulation, and egress from a ~~venue~~, examining the routes ~~an audience follows~~, potential hazards and methods to maintain safety. Planning for crowd safety examines site design, management approaches and information systems, some key points are listed below:	+	Crowd safety is concerned with ingress, circulation, and egress from a place, examining the routes followed, potential hazards and methods to maintain safety. Planning for crowd safety examines site design, management approaches and information systems, some key points are listed below:

	== Design ==		== Design ==

−	* Different uses of space (~~Site~~ areas) static moving holding areas	+	* Different uses of space (site areas) static, moving and holding areas.
−	* Capacity ingress/egress flow rates for normal use and ~~then~~ emergency use	+	* Capacity ingress/egress flow rates for normal use and emergency use.
	* Mapping the locations for ingress, circulation, and egress during normal and emergency situations.		* Mapping the locations for ingress, circulation, and egress during normal and emergency situations.

	== Management ==		== Management ==

−	* Process, procedures, communication systems	+	* Process, procedures and communication systems.
−	* Chain of command on normal and ~~then~~ emergency situations	+	* Chain of command in normal and emergency situations.
−	* RED FLAGGING emergency situations and relaying information to ~~the~~ safety ~~officer~~/police	+	* RED FLAGGING emergency situations and relaying information to safety officers/police.

	== Information ==		== Information ==

−	* Signage, maps	+	* Signage, maps.
−	* Social media, news reports	+	* Social media, news reports.
−	* Site communication systems	+	* Site communication systems.
−	* Normal and ~~Emergency~~ information	+	* Normal and emergency information.
−	* Not understanding crowd behaviour	+

	= Human behaviour =		= Human behaviour =
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	The choice of route by individuals can often be reduced to two simple rules:		The choice of route by individuals can often be reduced to two simple rules:

−	# Individuals will take the shortest available route to get from source to destination. Where the ‘shortest’ is defined by shortest time (which may not be the shortest distance) to arrive at the planned destination.	+	# Individuals will take the shortest available route to get from source to destination. Where the ‘shortest’ is defined by shortest time (which may not be the shortest distance) to arrive at the planned destination. See also: Desire line.
	# People like to exit using the same route they used to enter.		# People like to exit using the same route they used to enter.

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	Routes (R) - Area (A)- Movement - (M) Profile - (P)		Routes (R) - Area (A)- Movement - (M) Profile - (P)

−	* Routes ~~Direction~~ and distribution, modal split and factors that may impact routes.	+	* Routes: direction and distribution, modal split and factors that may impact routes.
−	* Areas ~~Static~~ and moving spaces ~~defining the site areas~~.	+	* Areas: static and moving spaces.
−	* Movement The arrival and departure profile, coupling routes and areas to time.	+	* Movement: The arrival and departure profile, coupling routes and areas to time.
−	* Profile The crowd composition, type, demographic, history, and communication elements ~~When we work with police, safety~~.	+	* Profile: The crowd composition, type, demographic, history, and communication elements.

	= Dynamic risk =		= Dynamic risk =
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	There are three components to a dynamic risk.		There are three components to a dynamic risk.

−	* ~~Location—Risk~~ may be focused on a specific location (front of stage) and may not manifest until the critical density/flow is reached.	+	* Location: Risk may be focused on a specific location (front of stage) and may not manifest until the critical density/flow is reached.
−	* ~~Duration—Risk~~ may exist for a short time (entry and exit systems).	+	* Duration: Risk may exist for a short time (entry and exit systems) or long time.
−	* ~~Severity—Risk~~ may have different levels of severity ~~during the event and~~ a single risk value is not sufficient to describe the risk. All the above can be influenced by external influences such as the weather.	+	* Severity: Risk may have different levels of severity a single risk value is not sufficient to describe the risk.
		+	* All the above can be influenced by external influences such as the weather.

	= Agent based modelling =		= Agent based modelling =
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	These types of models are used to study the interactions between people, things, places, and time in particular crowds and people flow. In the case of buildings they are often used to model movement patterns of occupants for example in fire situations or in the management of lifts and escalators. In cities that may be used to model traffic patterns.		These types of models are used to study the interactions between people, things, places, and time in particular crowds and people flow. In the case of buildings they are often used to model movement patterns of occupants for example in fire situations or in the management of lifts and escalators. In cities that may be used to model traffic patterns.
		+
		+	See also: People flow.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
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	* Walking distance.		* Walking distance.
	* Pedestrian.		* Pedestrian.
−	* Postmodern architecture.
	* Urban fabric.		* Urban fabric.
	* Virtual construction model.		* Virtual construction model.
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	= External links =		= External links =

−	Still, G Keith. Introduction to Crowd Science. CRC Press. Kindle Edition.	+	* Still, G Keith. Introduction to Crowd Science. CRC Press. Kindle Edition.
−		+	* [https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/ https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/]
−	[https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/ https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/]	+

	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Software]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]		[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Software]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]]

Editor at 17:38, 22 November 2022

2022-11-22T17:38:27Z

Show changes

Editor: moved Crowd flow analysis to Crowd flow

2022-11-22T17:15:55Z

moved Crowd flow analysis to Crowd flow

← Older revision

Revision as of 17:15, 22 November 2022

Editor at 17:06, 22 November 2022

2022-11-22T17:06:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 22 November 2022
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−	~~= Introduction =~~	+	Crowd flow describes how crowds form and the speed and direction they move around a space, where a crowd might be considered as anything above a density of one person per square metre. As crowd density increases it is likely that flow decreases, Crowd dynamics studies the science around different aspects of crowd flow.

−	~~Being alert and perceptive to your surrounding is key to safety while in a crowd. But what if you are responsible for~~ the ~~event? One needs to be aware~~ of ~~the audience experience~~ from the ~~time they buy their ticket~~, ~~arrive at~~ the ~~venue~~, ~~experience the performance~~, and ~~go home~~.	+	As densities increase so can the severity of impacts that result from the overcrowding, such as increased stress to minor or serious injury. This field of study can be an important element to be considered in the design of venues, event spaces, sports arenas or anywhere that large crowds are likely to enter and exit a space .

−	~~= Causes definitions. =~~	+	Phases of Crowd movement
−		+
−	* proximate- immediately responsible	+
−	* distal- fundamental reason the accident happened.	+
−		+
−	= Phases of Crowd movement =	+

	In crowd safety terminology we are concerned with the audience ingress, circulation, and egress from the venue. We will be examining the routes the audience will follow potential hazards and methods to keep them safe while in the event spaces. We will examine planning necessary to mitigate a negative outcome by examining site design, management of crowds and information systems.		In crowd safety terminology we are concerned with the audience ingress, circulation, and egress from the venue. We will be examining the routes the audience will follow potential hazards and methods to keep them safe while in the event spaces. We will examine planning necessary to mitigate a negative outcome by examining site design, management of crowds and information systems.

Editor: Created page with "= Introduction = Being alert and perceptive to your surrounding is key to safety while in a crowd. But what if you are responsible for the event? One needs to be aware of the au..."

2022-11-22T16:21:43Z

Created page with "= Introduction = Being alert and perceptive to your surrounding is key to safety while in a crowd. But what if you are responsible for the event? One needs to be aware of the au..."

New page

= Introduction =

Being alert and perceptive to your surrounding is key to safety while in a crowd. But what if you are responsible for the event? One needs to be aware of the audience experience from the time they buy their ticket, arrive at the venue, experience the performance, and go home.

= Causes definitions. =

* proximate- immediately responsible
* distal- fundamental reason the accident happened.

= Phases of Crowd movement =

In crowd safety terminology we are concerned with the audience ingress, circulation, and egress from the venue. We will be examining the routes the audience will follow potential hazards and methods to keep them safe while in the event spaces. We will examine planning necessary to mitigate a negative outcome by examining site design, management of crowds and information systems.

= Identify the risks before the event starts. =

The parts of safety event planning.

Design

Different uses of space (Site areas) static moving holding areas

Capacity ingress/egress flow rates for normal use and then emergency use

Mapping the locations for ingress, circulation, and egress during normal and emergency situations.

Management

Process, procedures, communication systems

Chain of command on normal and then emergency situations

RED FLAGGING emergency situations and relaying information to the safety officer/police

Information

Signage, maps

Social media, news reports

Site communication systems

Normal and Emergency information

Not understanding crowd behavior

= Human behavior =

People navigate through their environment with a goal in mind. Their choice of route can be reduced to two simple rules:

1. Individuals will take the shortest available route to get from source to destination. Where the ‘shortest’ is defined by shortest time (which may not be the shortest distance) to arrive at the planned destination.

2. People like to exit using the same route they used to enter.

= RAMP analysis =

Routes—Area—Movement—Profile

Routes Direction and distribution, modal split and factors that may impact routes.

Areas Static and moving spaces defining the site areas.

Movement The arrival and departure profile, coupling routes and areas to time.

Profile The crowd composition, type, demographic, history, and communication elements When we work with police, safety.

Design

Different uses of space (Site areas) static moving holding areas

Capacity ingress/egress flow rates for normal use and then emergency use

Mapping the locations for ingress, circulation, and egress during normal and emergency situations.

MOVEMENT Once you have drawn the routing maps and area maps, you can assess the crowd flow rates. Flow rates will tell you how much time it might take an area to fill, and how long it might take the crowds to flow into, around and away from a site. For this you need to assess the narrowest point along a route line (using the route maps).

There are three components to a dynamic risk.

Location—Risk may be focused on a specific location (front of stage) and may not manifest until the critical density/flow is reached.

Duration—Risk may exist for a short time (entry and exit systems).

Severity—Risk may have different levels of severity during the event and a single risk value is not sufficient to describe the risk. All the above can be influenced by external influences such as the weather.

= Crowd Analysis Systems =

= Bibliography =

Still, G Keith. Introduction to Crowd Science. CRC Press. Kindle Edition.

Assignments

Quiz analysis terminology inside blackboard, assignments tab, quizzes folder, crowd analysis terminology icon.

External links

[https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/ https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/event-safety/crowd-flow/]

[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]