Cooling tower - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 11:36, 15 February 2023

2023-02-15T11:36:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:36, 15 February 2023
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	For more information, see Cooling tower design and construction.		For more information, see Cooling tower design and construction.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Absorption refrigeration.		* Absorption refrigeration.
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	* Tower.		* Tower.

−	=== External references. ===	+	= External references. =

−	* ~~[http://www.cti.org/whatis/coolingtowerdetail.shtml~~ Cooling Technology Institute. What is a (wet, atmospheric) cooling tower]?	+	* Cooling Technology Institute. What is a (wet, atmospheric) cooling tower?
	* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].		* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 07:15, 21 October 2020

2020-10-21T07:15:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:15, 21 October 2020
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−	~~For more information, see Cooling tower design and construction.~~
−
	It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.		It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.

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	NB: Wet cooling towers have the potential for legionella growth. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) require that appropriate measures are taken to prevent or control the risk of legionella. These must be at least as effective as the measures described in [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].		NB: Wet cooling towers have the potential for legionella growth. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) require that appropriate measures are taken to prevent or control the risk of legionella. These must be at least as effective as the measures described in [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

−	~~= Find out~~ more =	+	For more information, see Cooling tower design and construction.

−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

	* Absorption refrigeration.		* Absorption refrigeration.
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	* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].		* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

−	[[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Product_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 15:49, 6 September 2018

2018-09-06T15:49:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 6 September 2018
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	Evaporative cooling is one of the methods that can be used to provide cooling. When water evaporates, it absorbs significant amounts of heat energy (latent heat, expressed in J/kg). The water itself does not change temperature, as the energy is consumed by the physical process of changing its state from liquid to gas. This produces a cooling effect in its surroundings. So when water evaporates from the surface of a building, or when sweat evaporates from the skin, this has a cooling effect. Conversely, when water condenses it releases heat.		Evaporative cooling is one of the methods that can be used to provide cooling. When water evaporates, it absorbs significant amounts of heat energy (latent heat, expressed in J/kg). The water itself does not change temperature, as the energy is consumed by the physical process of changing its state from liquid to gas. This produces a cooling effect in its surroundings. So when water evaporates from the surface of a building, or when sweat evaporates from the skin, this has a cooling effect. Conversely, when water condenses it releases heat.

−	Direct evaporative coolers (sometimes referred to as sump coolers, swamp coolers, or desert coolers) draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air.	+	Direct evaporative coolers (sometimes referred to as sump coolers, swamp coolers, or desert coolers), draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air.

	Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.		Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.
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	In HVAC systems, the cooling tower is used to reject heat from chiller units which supply chilled water for comfort cooling systems. These will typically cool air in air handling units that is then ducted to the internal spaces of the building. Water-cooled chillers can be more efficient than air-cooled chillers, but more infrastructure (and so space) is required.		In HVAC systems, the cooling tower is used to reject heat from chiller units which supply chilled water for comfort cooling systems. These will typically cool air in air handling units that is then ducted to the internal spaces of the building. Water-cooled chillers can be more efficient than air-cooled chillers, but more infrastructure (and so space) is required.

−	NB ~~wet~~ cooling towers have the potential for legionella growth. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) require that appropriate measures are taken to prevent or control the risk of legionella. These must be at least as effective as the measures described in [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].	+	NB: Wet cooling towers have the potential for legionella growth. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) require that appropriate measures are taken to prevent or control the risk of legionella. These must be at least as effective as the measures described in [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =
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	* HVAC.		* HVAC.
	* Refrigerants.		* Refrigerants.
		+	* Tower.

	=== External references. ===		=== External references. ===
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	* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].		* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

−	[[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Editor at 16:49, 16 March 2016

2016-03-16T16:49:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 16 March 2016
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		+	For more information, see Cooling tower design and construction.

	It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.		It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
−	*Absorption refrigeration.	+
−	*Air handling unit.	+	* Absorption refrigeration.
−	*Cooling.	+	* Air handling unit.
−	*Evaporative cooling.	+	* Cooling.
−	*Health and Safety Executive.	+	* Cooling tower design and construction.
−	*HSG 274 Legionnaires' disease, Technical guidance.	+	* Evaporative cooling.
−	*Legionnaires' disease.	+	* Health and Safety Executive.
−	*HVAC.	+	* HSG 274 Legionnaires' disease, Technical guidance.
−	*Refrigerants.	+	* Legionnaires' disease.
		+	* HVAC.
		+	* Refrigerants.

	=== External references. ===		=== External references. ===
−	*[http://www.cti.org/whatis/coolingtowerdetail.shtml Cooling Technology Institute. What is a (wet, atmospheric) cooling tower]?	+
−	*[http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].	+	* [http://www.cti.org/whatis/coolingtowerdetail.shtml Cooling Technology Institute. What is a (wet, atmospheric) cooling tower]?
		+	* [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

	[[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 18:48, 19 June 2015

2015-06-19T18:48:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:48, 19 June 2015
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	*Cooling.		*Cooling.
	*Evaporative cooling.		*Evaporative cooling.
−	*Health and Safety Executive.~~<br/>~~	+	*Health and Safety Executive.
		+	*HSG 274 Legionnaires' disease, Technical guidance.
	*Legionnaires' disease.		*Legionnaires' disease.
	*HVAC.		*HVAC.

86.168.133.3 at 10:38, 23 February 2015

2015-02-23T10:38:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:38, 23 February 2015
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	Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.		Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.

−	Cooling towers reject heat through the evaporation of water in a moving air stream within the cooling tower. The temperature and humidity of the air stream increases through contact with the warm water, and it this air is then discharged. The cooled water is collected at the bottom of the tower. This process can achieve lower temperatures than air-cooled heat rejection systems.	+	Cooling towers reject heat through the evaporation of water in a moving air stream within the cooling tower. The temperature and humidity of the air stream increases through contact with the warm water, and this air is then discharged. The cooled water is collected at the bottom of the tower. This process can achieve lower temperatures than air-cooled heat rejection systems.

	Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.		Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.

Designing Buildings at 08:05, 2 November 2014

2014-11-02T08:05:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:05, 2 November 2014
Line 33:		Line 33:
	*Cooling.		*Cooling.
	*Evaporative cooling.		*Evaporative cooling.
−	*Health and Safety Executive.	+	*Health and Safety Executive.<br/>
		+	*Legionnaires' disease.
	*HVAC.		*HVAC.
	*Refrigerants.		*Refrigerants.

Designing Buildings at 11:41, 1 November 2014

2014-11-01T11:41:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 1 November 2014
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	Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.		Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.

−	Cooling towers can be open or closed circuit. Closed circuit cooling towers (or fluid coolers) feed the ‘warm’ water over a fill through which the air is flowing. The cool water is collected, and the humid air discharged remotely to prevent recirculation. This process relies entirely on the rejection of heat through the air. The flow of air through the fill can be horizontal (crossflow) or vertical (counterflow).	+	Cooling towers can be open or closed circuit. Closed circuit cooling towers (or fluid coolers) feed the ‘warm’ water over a 'fill' through which the air is flowing. The cool water is collected, and the humid air discharged remotely to prevent recirculation. This closed process relies entirely on the rejection of heat through the air. The flow of air through the fill can be horizontal (crossflow) or vertical (counterflow).

	In open-circuit cooling towers (or wet cooling towers), the hot humid air is discharged direct to the atmosphere. This can be more straight forward, however, there is a risk of contamination as the cooling tower is open, and the proportion of water that evaporates must be replaced resulting in the progressive concentration of the water. The build up of minerals and other solids in the water must then be regulated.		In open-circuit cooling towers (or wet cooling towers), the hot humid air is discharged direct to the atmosphere. This can be more straight forward, however, there is a risk of contamination as the cooling tower is open, and the proportion of water that evaporates must be replaced resulting in the progressive concentration of the water. The build up of minerals and other solids in the water must then be regulated.

Designing Buildings at 11:35, 1 November 2014

2014-11-01T11:35:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:35, 1 November 2014
Line 2:		Line 2:
	It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.		It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.

−	~~The process of evaporative~~ cooling can be used to ~~cool buildings~~.	+	Evaporative cooling is one of the methods that can be used to provide cooling. When water evaporates, it absorbs significant amounts of heat energy (latent heat, expressed in J/kg). The water itself does not change temperature, as the energy is consumed by the physical process of changing its state from liquid to gas. This produces a cooling effect in its surroundings. So when water evaporates from the surface of a building, or when sweat evaporates from the skin, this has a cooling effect. Conversely, when water condenses it releases heat.
−		+
−	When water evaporates, it absorbs significant amounts of heat energy (latent heat, expressed in J/kg). The water itself does not change temperature, as the energy is consumed by the physical process of changing ~~the~~ state ~~of the system~~. This produces a cooling effect in its surroundings. So when water evaporates from the surface of a building, or when sweat evaporates from the skin, this has a cooling effect. Conversely, when water condenses it releases heat.	+
−		+
−	Evaporative cooling can be as simple as including a water feature, such as a fountain in a courtyard, or a pond near a building or on a building roof, or might involve spraying water over a building roof.	+

	Direct evaporative coolers (sometimes referred to as sump coolers, swamp coolers, or desert coolers) draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air.		Direct evaporative coolers (sometimes referred to as sump coolers, swamp coolers, or desert coolers) draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air.
Line 12:		Line 8:
	Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.		Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.

−	Cooling towers reject heat through the evaporation of water in a moving air stream within the cooling tower. The temperature and humidity of the air stream increases, and it is discharged. The cooled water is collected at the bottom of the tower. This process can achieve lower temperatures than air cooled heat rejection systems.	+	Cooling towers reject heat through the evaporation of water in a moving air stream within the cooling tower. The temperature and humidity of the air stream increases through contact with the warm water, and it this air is then discharged. The cooled water is collected at the bottom of the tower. This process can achieve lower temperatures than air-cooled heat rejection systems.

−	~~This can be used to provide chilled water for heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.~~ Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.	+	Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.

	Cooling towers can be open or closed circuit. Closed circuit cooling towers (or fluid coolers) feed the ‘warm’ water over a fill through which the air is flowing. The cool water is collected, and the humid air discharged remotely to prevent recirculation. This process relies entirely on the rejection of heat through the air. The flow of air through the fill can be horizontal (crossflow) or vertical (counterflow).		Cooling towers can be open or closed circuit. Closed circuit cooling towers (or fluid coolers) feed the ‘warm’ water over a fill through which the air is flowing. The cool water is collected, and the humid air discharged remotely to prevent recirculation. This process relies entirely on the rejection of heat through the air. The flow of air through the fill can be horizontal (crossflow) or vertical (counterflow).

Designing Buildings: Created page with " It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is..."

2014-11-01T11:32:27Z

Created page with " It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is..."

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It can be necessary to provide cooling to buildings during warm weather, or where there are significant thermal gains (such as solar gain, people and equipment). This cooling is sometimes referred to as comfort cooling. Cooling may also be necessary for refrigeration or for some industrial processes.

The process of evaporative cooling can be used to cool buildings.

When water evaporates, it absorbs significant amounts of heat energy (latent heat, expressed in J/kg). The water itself does not change temperature, as the energy is consumed by the physical process of changing the state of the system. This produces a cooling effect in its surroundings. So when water evaporates from the surface of a building, or when sweat evaporates from the skin, this has a cooling effect. Conversely, when water condenses it releases heat.

Evaporative cooling can be as simple as including a water feature, such as a fountain in a courtyard, or a pond near a building or on a building roof, or might involve spraying water over a building roof.

Direct evaporative coolers (sometimes referred to as sump coolers, swamp coolers, or desert coolers) draw hot, dry air through a continually dampened pad and supply cool, humid air.

Indirect evaporative cooling can be achieved by using a heat exchanger to cool the supply air, by spraying water over the cooling coils of a conventional chiller or by cooling towers.

Cooling towers reject heat through the evaporation of water in a moving air stream within the cooling tower. The temperature and humidity of the air stream increases, and it is discharged. The cooled water is collected at the bottom of the tower. This process can achieve lower temperatures than air cooled heat rejection systems.

This can be used to provide chilled water for heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Cooling towers, can be small-scale roof-top installations, medium-sized packaged units, or very large hyperboloid structures sometimes associated with industrial processes or power stations with their characteristic plume of water vapour in the exhaust air.

Cooling towers can be open or closed circuit. Closed circuit cooling towers (or fluid coolers) feed the ‘warm’ water over a fill through which the air is flowing. The cool water is collected, and the humid air discharged remotely to prevent recirculation. This process relies entirely on the rejection of heat through the air. The flow of air through the fill can be horizontal (crossflow) or vertical (counterflow).

In open-circuit cooling towers (or wet cooling towers), the hot humid air is discharged direct to the atmosphere. This can be more straight forward, however, there is a risk of contamination as the cooling tower is open, and the proportion of water that evaporates must be replaced resulting in the progressive concentration of the water. The build up of minerals and other solids in the water must then be regulated.

Dry cooling towers use a heat exchanger to separate the water from the air.

The air flow in cooling towers can be mechanically driven (induced draft) or naturally driven (natural draft), relying on the buoyancy of the warm exhaust air to generate ‘draft’.

The water flow can be gravity driven or can be a pressurised spray.

In HVAC systems, the cooling tower is used to reject heat from chiller units which supply chilled water for comfort cooling systems. These will typically cool air in air handling units that is then ducted to the internal spaces of the building. Water-cooled chillers can be more efficient than air-cooled chillers, but more infrastructure (and so space) is required.

NB wet cooling towers have the potential for legionella growth. The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) require that appropriate measures are taken to prevent or control the risk of legionella. These must be at least as effective as the measures described in [http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

= Find out more =

=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
*Absorption refrigeration.
*Air handling unit.
*Cooling.
*Evaporative cooling.
*Health and Safety Executive.
*HVAC.
*Refrigerants.

=== External references. ===
*[http://www.cti.org/whatis/coolingtowerdetail.shtml Cooling Technology Institute. What is a (wet, atmospheric) cooling tower]?
*[http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l8.htm Legionnaires’ disease: The control of Legionella bacteria in water systems].

[[Category:Products_/_components]]