Concrete frame - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:21, 11 March 2025

2025-03-11T06:21:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 11 March 2025
Line 32:		Line 32:
	For more information see: Slip form.		For more information see: Slip form.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki ==~~=	+

	* Braced frame structures.		* Braced frame structures.

Designing Buildings at 08:08, 3 September 2020

2020-09-03T08:08:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:08, 3 September 2020
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* Types of frame.		* Types of frame.

−	[[Category:~~Articles_needing_more_work~~]] [[Category:~~Conservation~~]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

62.232.249.2 at 13:08, 26 September 2018

2018-09-26T13:08:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 26 September 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:
	A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.		A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

−	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either: ~~mark fee was here, Taylor you're a bitch boy~~	+	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either:

	* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or		* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or

62.232.249.2 at 13:07, 26 September 2018

2018-09-26T13:07:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:07, 26 September 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:
	A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.		A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

−	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either: mark fee was here	+	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either: mark fee was here, Taylor you're a bitch boy

	* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or		* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* Types of frame.		* Types of frame.

−	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

62.232.249.2 at 12:59, 26 September 2018

2018-09-26T12:59:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:59, 26 September 2018
Line 3:		Line 3:
	A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.		A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

−	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either:	+	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either: mark fee was here

	* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or		* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* Types of frame.		* Types of frame.

−	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Designing Buildings at 16:52, 22 March 2018

2018-03-22T16:52:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:52, 22 March 2018
Line 47:		Line 47:
	* Types of beam.		* Types of beam.
	* Types of column.		* Types of column.
		+	* Types of frame.

	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]		[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]

Editor at 14:39, 21 March 2018

2018-03-21T14:39:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 21 March 2018
Line 42:		Line 42:
	* Precast concrete.		* Precast concrete.
	* Reinforced concrete.		* Reinforced concrete.
		+	* Skeleton frame.
	* Steel frame.		* Steel frame.
	* Timber frame.		* Timber frame.

Designing Buildings at 08:44, 21 December 2017

2017-12-21T08:44:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:44, 21 December 2017
Line 17:		Line 17:

	Precast concrete frames are typically used for single-storey and low-rise structures. The concrete members are transported to site where a crane then lifts and places them into position to construct the frame:		Precast concrete frames are typically used for single-storey and low-rise structures. The concrete members are transported to site where a crane then lifts and places them into position to construct the frame:
−
−	* To connect the columns to the foundations, a common technique is to cast a pocket into a reinforced concrete pad foundation. The column can then be grouted into this pocket. Where heavy column loadings are anticipated, a steel base plate should be secured to the concrete pad with holding down bolts.
−	* Column-to-column connections are typically constructed at the floor levels above the beam-to-column connections. A simple connection involves upper and lower columns with mortices in their bottom and top ends to receive a dowel bar which is grouted in place. The dowel bar passes through the beam and into both mortices. The joint is then packed with dry cement mortar.
−	* Beam-to-column connections can involve projecting bearing haunches being cast onto columns with a projecting dowel or stud bolt to provide both location and fixing. Alternatively, steel-to-steel fixings, usually in the form of a corbel or bracket projecting from the column, can provide a bolted connection to a steel plate that is cast into the end of a beam.

	For more information, see [[Off-site_prefabrication_of_buildings:_A_guide_to_connection_choices#Precast_connections\|Precast connections]].		For more information, see [[Off-site_prefabrication_of_buildings:_A_guide_to_connection_choices#Precast_connections\|Precast connections]].
		+
		+	Prestressed concrete is a structural material that allows for predetermined, engineering stresses to be placed in members to counteract the stresses that occur when they are subject to loading. It combines the high strength compressive properties of concrete with the high tensile strength of steel.
		+
		+	For more information see: Prestressed concrete.

	Concrete members can be formed on site with the use of formwork. This is a a temporary mould into which concrete is poured. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood.		Concrete members can be formed on site with the use of formwork. This is a a temporary mould into which concrete is poured. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood.

Designing Buildings at 08:40, 21 December 2017

2017-12-21T08:40:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:40, 21 December 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:Concrete-frame.jpeg\|link=File:Concrete-frame.jpeg]]		[[File:Concrete-frame.jpeg\|link=File:Concrete-frame.jpeg]]

−	A concrete frame is a common form of ~~framed~~ structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. ~~The concrete frame~~ is constructed ~~upon foundations which transfer the loads from the building~~ to the ~~ground~~.	+	A concrete frame is a common form of structure, comprising a network of columns and connecting beams that forms the structural ‘skeleton’ of a building. This grid of beams and columns is typically constructed on a concrete foundation and is used to support the building’s floors, roof, walls, cladding and so on.

	Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either:		Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the frame. They are classified as either:

−	* Main beams: ~~Transmit~~ floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or	+	* Main beams: Transmitting floor and secondary beam loads to the columns; or
−	* Secondary beams: ~~Transmit~~ floor loads to the main beams.	+	* Secondary beams: Transmitting floor loads to the main beams.

−	Columns are the vertical members of the frame, and are the building’s primary load-bearing element. They transmit the beam loads down to the foundations~~. As they are typically constructed in storey heights, the rebar should be lapped to provide structural continuity.~~	+	Columns are the vertical members of the frame, and are the building’s primary load-bearing element. They transmit the beam loads down to the foundations.
−		+
−	Since concrete has little tensile strength, it needs to be reinforced to be able to resist tensile or shear stresses. Structural engineers are responsible for calculating the area, diameter, type, position and necessary quantity of rebar that is needed for the concrete beams.	+

	The materials that can be used as walls for concrete frame structures are numerous, including heavyweight masonry options (e.g. brick, blockwork, stone), and lightweight options (e.g. drywall, timber). Similarly, any kind of cladding materials can be used to clad concrete frame structures.		The materials that can be used as walls for concrete frame structures are numerous, including heavyweight masonry options (e.g. brick, blockwork, stone), and lightweight options (e.g. drywall, timber). Similarly, any kind of cladding materials can be used to clad concrete frame structures.

−	~~Precast~~ concrete ~~frames can~~ be ~~used for single-storey and low-rise structures~~. ~~The concrete members are transported to site where columns are connected to foundations using~~ a ~~temporary collar~~ or ~~yoke for alignment~~ and ~~support purposes~~. ~~A crane then lifts and places precast~~ concrete ~~members to construct~~ the ~~frame~~.	+	Since concrete has little tensile strength, it generally needs to be reinforced. Rebar, also known as reinforcement steel (or reinforcing steel), is a steel bar or mesh of steelwires used to strengthen and hold the concrete in tension. To improve the quality of the bond with the concrete, the surface of rebar is often patterned. For more information see: Rebar

−	~~To connect the columns to the foundations, a common technique is to cast a pocket into a reinforced concrete pad foundation. The column~~ can ~~then~~ be ~~grouted into this pocket. Where heavy column loadings are anticipated~~, ~~a steel base plate should be secured to the concrete pad with holding down bolts~~.	+	Concrete frames can be precast (manufactured off site), or cast on site.

−	~~Column-to-column connections~~ are typically ~~constructed at the floor levels above the beam~~-to-~~column connections~~. ~~A simple connection involves upper and lower columns with mortices in their bottom and top ends~~ to ~~receive~~ a ~~dowel bar which is grouted in place. The dowel bar passes through the beam~~ and into ~~both mortices. The joint is then packed with dry cement mortar.~~	+	Precast concrete frames are typically used for single-storey and low-rise structures. The concrete members are transported to site where a crane then lifts and places them into position to construct the frame:

−	~~A more complex connection~~ can ~~involve~~ a ~~mild~~ steel ~~bearing~~ plate ~~welded~~ to the ~~main reinforcing bars of~~ the ~~lower~~ column and ~~encased~~ with ~~insitu concrete~~.	+	* To connect the columns to the foundations, a common technique is to cast a pocket into a reinforced concrete pad foundation. The column can then be grouted into this pocket. Where heavy column loadings are anticipated, a steel base plate should be secured to the concrete pad with holding down bolts.
−		+	* Column-to-column connections are typically constructed at the floor levels above the beam-to-column connections. A simple connection involves upper and lower columns with mortices in their bottom and top ends to receive a dowel bar which is grouted in place. The dowel bar passes through the beam and into both mortices. The joint is then packed with dry cement mortar.
−	Beam-to-column connections can involve projecting bearing haunches being cast onto columns with a projecting dowel or stud bolt to provide both location and fixing. Alternatively, steel-to-steel fixings, usually in the form of a corbel or bracket projecting from the column, can provide a bolted connection to a steel plate that is cast into the end of a beam.	+	* Beam-to-column connections can involve projecting bearing haunches being cast onto columns with a projecting dowel or stud bolt to provide both location and fixing. Alternatively, steel-to-steel fixings, usually in the form of a corbel or bracket projecting from the column, can provide a bolted connection to a steel plate that is cast into the end of a beam.

	For more information, see [[Off-site_prefabrication_of_buildings:_A_guide_to_connection_choices#Precast_connections\|Precast connections]].		For more information, see [[Off-site_prefabrication_of_buildings:_A_guide_to_connection_choices#Precast_connections\|Precast connections]].
		+
		+	Concrete members can be formed on site with the use of formwork. This is a a temporary mould into which concrete is poured. Traditional formwork is fabricated using timber, but it can also be constructed from steel, glass fibre reinforced plastics and other materials. Shuttering is perhaps the most popular type of formwork and is normally constructed on site using timber and plywood.
		+
		+	For more information see: Formwork
		+
		+	Slip form is a method of construction in which concrete is poured into the top of a continuously moving formwork. As the concrete is poured, the formwork is raised vertically at a speed which allows the concrete to harden before it is free from the formwork at the bottom.. Slip form is most economical for structures over 7 storeys high such as bridges and towers, as it is the fastest method of construction for vertical reinforced concrete structures, but it can also be used for horizontal structures such as roadways.
		+
		+	For more information see: Slip form.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =

Editor at 12:19, 20 December 2017

2017-12-20T12:19:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:19, 20 December 2017
Line 37:		Line 37:
	* Reinforced concrete.		* Reinforced concrete.
	* Steel frame.		* Steel frame.
		+	* Timber frame.
	* Types of beam.		* Types of beam.
	* Types of column.		* Types of column.

	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]		[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]]