Cladding for buildings - Revision history

Editor at 08:14, 11 September 2024

2024-09-11T08:14:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:14, 11 September 2024
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	* ACM cladding.		* ACM cladding.
		+	* ACM cladding testing by BRE‎.
	* Brick.		* Brick.
	* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.		* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.

Designing Buildings at 04:54, 16 August 2023

2023-08-16T04:54:56Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:54, 16 August 2023
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	For more information see: Grenfell Tower fire.		For more information see: Grenfell Tower fire.
		+
		+	[https://www.bsigroup.com/en-GB/standards/pas-9980/ PAS 9980:2022, Fire risk appraisal of external wall construction and cladding of existing blocks of flats – Code of practice], published by BSI Standards Limited in 2022, defines cladding as a: ‘system of one or more components that are attached to, and might form part of the weatherproof covering of, the exterior of a building.’
		+
		+	It states: ‘Such systems are normally attached to the primary structure of a building to form nonstructural, non-loadbearing external surfaces and can comprise a range of facing materials/cladding panels, including metal composite panels or non-loadbearing masonry, along with insulating materials, rendered insulation systems (ETICS) and insulated core sandwich panels, which are attached to a substrate. Combinations of, for example, cladding panels and insulation form cladding systems and such systems might include cavities, which can be ventilated or nonventilated. The cladding system also encompasses the supporting rails and bracketry, as applicable, to attach the cladding to the building, and cavity barriers where applicable. Systems that constitute the entire thickness of the external wall, by definition, cease to be cladding systems and are the external wall, e.g. curtain walling.’

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Designing Buildings at 10:49, 13 October 2022

2022-10-13T10:49:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:49, 13 October 2022
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−	[[File:Metal-cladding-~~g77cee9e23 1280~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Metal-cladding-g77cee9e23_1280.jpg\|link=File:Metal-cladding-g77cee9e23_1280.jpg]]

	= What is cladding? =		= What is cladding? =
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	= Types of cladding =		= Types of cladding =

−	The NBS Building libraries categorise claddings and coverings as:	+	The NBS Building libraries categorise types of claddings and coverings as:

	{\|		{\|
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	\|}		\|}

−	~~Some~~ of the more common types of cladding are described below.	+	11 of the more common types of cladding are described below.

	== Curtain walling ==		== Curtain walling ==

Designing Buildings at 10:48, 13 October 2022

2022-10-13T10:48:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:48, 13 October 2022
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−	[[File:~~Cladding.jpg\|link=File:Cladding~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Metal-cladding-g77cee9e23 1280.jpg]]

	= What is cladding? =		= What is cladding? =

Designing Buildings at 10:46, 13 October 2022

2022-10-13T10:46:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:46, 13 October 2022
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	[[File:Cladding.jpg\|link=File:Cladding.jpg]]		[[File:Cladding.jpg\|link=File:Cladding.jpg]]

−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= What is cladding? =

	The term 'cladding' refers to components that are attached to the primary structure of a building to form non-structural, external surfaces. This is as opposed to buildings in which the external surfaces are formed by structural elements, such as masonry walls, or applied surfaces such as render.		The term 'cladding' refers to components that are attached to the primary structure of a building to form non-structural, external surfaces. This is as opposed to buildings in which the external surfaces are formed by structural elements, such as masonry walls, or applied surfaces such as render.
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	Building Safety Fund for the remediation of non-ACM Cladding Systems (England only) Registration prospectus, published by MHCLG in May 2020 suggests that: 'A cladding system includes the components that are attached to the primary structure of a building to form a non-structural external surface. The cladding system includes the weather-exposed outer layer or ‘screen, fillers. Insulation, membranes, brackets, cavity barriers, flashing, fixings, gaskets and sealants.'		Building Safety Fund for the remediation of non-ACM Cladding Systems (England only) Registration prospectus, published by MHCLG in May 2020 suggests that: 'A cladding system includes the components that are attached to the primary structure of a building to form a non-structural external surface. The cladding system includes the weather-exposed outer layer or ‘screen, fillers. Insulation, membranes, brackets, cavity barriers, flashing, fixings, gaskets and sealants.'

−	Whilst cladding is generally attached to the structure of the building, it typically does not contribute to its stability. However, cladding does play a structural role, transferring wind loads, impact loads, snow loads and its own self-weight back to the structural framework.	+	Whilst cladding is generally attached to the structure of the building, it typically does not contribute to its stability. However, cladding does play a structural role, transferring wind loads, impact loads, snow loads and its own self-weight back to the structural framework. In particular, wind causes positive and negative pressure on the surface of buildings and cladding must have sufficient strength and stiffness to resist this load, both in terms of the type of cladding selected and its connections back to the structure.

−	~~In particular, wind causes positive and negative pressure on~~ the ~~surface~~ of ~~buildings~~ and cladding ~~must have sufficient strength and stiffness to resist this load, both in terms of~~ the ~~type of cladding selected~~ and ~~its connections back to the structure~~.	+	Cladding is often prefabricated in panels that are attached to the structural frame of the building, and some cladding systems can be purchased 'off the shelf'.
		+
		+	Cladding systems may include additional components, such as windows, doors, gutters, roof lights, vents and so on.
		+
		+	= What does cladding do? =

	Cladding is needed to:		Cladding is needed to:
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	* Providing openings for access, daylight and ventilation.		* Providing openings for access, daylight and ventilation.

−	~~Cladding is often prefabricated in panels that are attached to the structural frame of the building~~, ~~and some~~ cladding ~~systems~~ can ~~be purchased 'off~~ the ~~shelf'~~.	+	High-quality, well-designed, properly-installed cladding can help maximise thermal performance, minimise air leakage, and optimise natural daylighting. This can help reduce the need for mechanical and electrical building services, and so improve energy efficiency and lower capital and running costs.

−	~~Cladding systems~~ may ~~include additional components,~~ such as ~~windows, doors, gutters, roof lights, vents and so on~~.	+	Poor design detailing or installation may compromise cladding performance and can result in safety problems such as cladding collapse or cladding panels pulling away from the structure.
		+
		+	= What factors influence the selection of cladding? =

	The nature of cladding selected for a particular building will depend on considerations such as:		The nature of cladding selected for a particular building will depend on considerations such as:
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	* Maintenance requirements.		* Maintenance requirements.
	* Structural requirements.		* Structural requirements.
−
−	High-quality, well-designed, properly-installed cladding can help maximise thermal performance, minimise air leakage, and optimise natural daylighting. This can help reduce the need for mechanical and electrical building services, and so improve energy efficiency and lower capital and running costs.
−
−	~~Poor design detailing or installation may compromise cladding performance and can result in safety problems such as cladding collapse or cladding panels pulling away from the structure.~~

	When selecting or designing a suitable cladding, designers should pay particular attention to:		When selecting or designing a suitable cladding, designers should pay particular attention to:
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	For more information, see [[Weatherboarding#uPVC_weatherboarding\|uPVC weatherboarding]] and [[Plastic_cladding\|Plastic cladding]].		For more information, see [[Weatherboarding#uPVC_weatherboarding\|uPVC weatherboarding]] and [[Plastic_cladding\|Plastic cladding]].
		+
		+	= The impact of the Grenfell Tower fire on cladding selection =
		+
		+	On 14 June 2017, a fire broke out in Grenfell Tower, a block of social housing flats in North Kensington, London occupied by between 400 and 600 people. The source of the fire is thought to have been a fridge freezer, and the unexpected speed of the fire’s spread is believed to have been contributed to by the recently-installed exterior cladding. Since then, combustible materials have been banned in the external walls of high-rise residential buildings. In particular, this has affected Aluminium Composite Material (ACM) panels, commonly used for cladding buildings, typically as a form of rainscreen, and High Pressure Laminate (HPL) panels.
		+
		+	For more information see: Grenfell Tower fire.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
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	* External wall insulation.		* External wall insulation.
	* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).		* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).
−	* Fire safety exclusions - the insurance position.
−	* Glass fibre.
	* Infill panel walls.		* Infill panel walls.
	* Metal composite panels.		* Metal composite panels.
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	* Pebbledash.		* Pebbledash.
	* Plastic cladding.		* Plastic cladding.
−	* Primary structure.
	* Rainscreen.		* Rainscreen.
	* Sandwich panel.		* Sandwich panel.
−	* Structural glass assembly.
	* Structural Insulated Panels.		* Structural Insulated Panels.
−	* Wall types.
	* Weatherboarding.		* Weatherboarding.

Editor at 16:47, 8 February 2022

2022-02-08T16:47:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 8 February 2022
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	* Pebbledash.		* Pebbledash.
	* Plastic cladding.		* Plastic cladding.
		+	* Primary structure.
	* Rainscreen.		* Rainscreen.
	* Sandwich panel.		* Sandwich panel.

Designing Buildings at 11:55, 5 November 2021

2021-11-05T11:55:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:55, 5 November 2021
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	* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.		* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.
	* Building fabric.		* Building fabric.
−	* CIOB responds to Newsnight report - Trapped: the UK's building safety crisis.
−	* Consultation opens for code of practice for fire risk appraisal and assessment of external wall construction.
	* Curtain wall systems.		* Curtain wall systems.
−	* ~~EWS1 forms not required for buildings without cladding.~~	+	* EWS1.
−	* External Fire Review Form EWS1.	+
	* External wall insulation.		* External wall insulation.
−	* Fire at the Cube, Bolton.
−	* Fire in buildings.
	* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).		* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).
	* Fire safety exclusions - the insurance position.		* Fire safety exclusions - the insurance position.
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	* Natural stone cladding.		* Natural stone cladding.
	* Non-ACM cladding.		* Non-ACM cladding.
		+	* Non-cladding.
	* Patent glazing.		* Patent glazing.
	* Pebbledash.		* Pebbledash.
−	* Plastic.
	* Plastic cladding.		* Plastic cladding.
	* Rainscreen.		* Rainscreen.
	* Sandwich panel.		* Sandwich panel.
−	* Scottish Advice Note addresses fire risk in multi-storey residential buildings.
	* Structural glass assembly.		* Structural glass assembly.
	* Structural Insulated Panels.		* Structural Insulated Panels.
−	* Upcycling buildings.
	* Wall types.		* Wall types.
	* Weatherboarding.		* Weatherboarding.

Editor at 11:12, 20 October 2021

2021-10-20T11:12:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 20 October 2021
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	For more information, see [[Weatherboarding#uPVC_weatherboarding\|uPVC weatherboarding]] and [[Plastic_cladding\|Plastic cladding]].		For more information, see [[Weatherboarding#uPVC_weatherboarding\|uPVC weatherboarding]] and [[Plastic_cladding\|Plastic cladding]].

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* ACM cladding.		* ACM cladding.
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	* Fire in buildings.		* Fire in buildings.
	* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).		* Fire performance of external thermal insulation for walls of multistorey buildings, third edition (BR 135).
		+	* Fire safety exclusions - the insurance position.
	* Glass fibre.		* Glass fibre.
	* Infill panel walls.		* Infill panel walls.

Editor at 09:57, 6 September 2021

2021-09-06T09:57:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:57, 6 September 2021
Line 228:		Line 228:
	* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.		* BS 8414 Fire performance of external cladding systems.
	* Building fabric.		* Building fabric.
		+	* CIOB responds to Newsnight report - Trapped: the UK's building safety crisis.
	* Consultation opens for code of practice for fire risk appraisal and assessment of external wall construction.		* Consultation opens for code of practice for fire risk appraisal and assessment of external wall construction.
	* Curtain wall systems.		* Curtain wall systems.

Editor at 09:53, 3 September 2021

2021-09-03T09:53:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:53, 3 September 2021
Line 230:		Line 230:
	* Consultation opens for code of practice for fire risk appraisal and assessment of external wall construction.		* Consultation opens for code of practice for fire risk appraisal and assessment of external wall construction.
	* Curtain wall systems.		* Curtain wall systems.
−	* External Fire Review Form EWS1.
	* EWS1 forms not required for buildings without cladding.		* EWS1 forms not required for buildings without cladding.
		+	* External Fire Review Form EWS1.
	* External wall insulation.		* External wall insulation.
	* Fire at the Cube, Bolton.		* Fire at the Cube, Bolton.