City Hall, London - Revision history

Editor: Reverted edits by 176.234.10.171 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

2020-12-15T15:09:38Z

Reverted edits by 176.234.10.171 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:09, 15 December 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:London-71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London-71205_640.jpg]]		[[File:London-71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London-71205_640.jpg]]

−	= ~~Giri~~ =	+	= Introduction =

−	City Hall~~, Büyük Londra daresi'nin~~ (GLA) ~~merkezidir ve Londra Belediye Bakan ve Londra Meclisi'nin resmi ofisi olarak hizmet vermektedir~~. Southwark ~~Thames Nehri'nin güney kysnda yer alan bina~~, Berlin [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag'n]]~~yenilenmesi üzerine daha önceki çalmalarndan ilham alan ödüllü mimar Norman Foster tarafndan tasarlanmtr~~. ~~43 milyon £ maliyetle ina edilmi ve~~ 2002 ~~ylnda açld~~.	+	City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Located on the south bank of the River Thames in Southwark, the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of Berlin's [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag]]. It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in 2002.

−	~~Bina~~, ~~Londra Köprüsü ve~~ Tower Bridge ~~arasndaki güney kysnda perakende, i ve restoran alann kapsayan Daha Londra'daki gelitirmenin bir parçasdr~~. ~~Bitiik batk amfitiyatro Kepçe~~, ~~Sanki Belediye Binas binas dar~~ scooped ~~edilmi gibi bakmak için tasarlanmtr~~.	+	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.

−	~~Bu binann hiçbir geleneksel ön veya arka anlamna gelir modifiye küre türetilen farkl bir soanl tasarma sahiptir~~. ~~Her seviye~~, ~~binann bir tarafna asmak için aadakinden biraz uzaktr~~. ~~Bu nedenle~~, ~~bir motosiklet kask ile karlatrlmtr~~, " ~~cam yumurta ", ekilsiz bir~~[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm ~~yumurta,~~]~~ve bir~~ woodlouse. ~~Eski belediye bakan ve sakini~~ Ken Livingstone ~~bunu~~ [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jul/08/arts.highereducation ~~"cam testis"~~]~~olarak adlandrrken~~, ~~halefi~~ Boris Johnson ~~"Soan" lakabn seçti~~.	+	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm glass egg]", a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jul/08/arts.highereducation glass testicle]”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.

−	~~Binann üst thames karsnda açk bir izleme güvertesi ile~~ '~~Londra~~'~~nn Oturma Odas~~' ~~adl bir sergi ve toplant alan evler~~, ~~zaman zaman halka açk effaflk fikrini temsil ettii söyleniyor~~.	+	The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.

	[[File:City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg]]		[[File:City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg]]

−	= ~~Tasarm ve inaat~~ =	+	= Design and construction =

−	~~Bina mimarlar~~ Foster + Partners ~~göre 'mimari formun radikal bir yeniden düünmek etkin' gelimi bilgisayar modelleme teknikleri kullanlarak tasarlanmtr~~. ~~Allmadk ekli gölgeleme maksimize ve dorudan güne na maruz yüzey alan en aza inerek~~ optimum ~~enerji performans elde etmek için tasarlanmtr~~.	+	The building was designed using advanced computer-modelling techniques that 'enabled a radical rethink of architectural form' according to architects Foster + Partners. The unusual shape was intended to achieve optimum energy performance by maximising shading and minimising the surface area that is exposed to direct sunlight.

−	~~Binann neredeyse küresel ekli, ayn hacimdeki bir küp binasndan yaklak %25 daha az yüzey alanna sahip olduu anlamna gelir ve böylece k aylarnda daha az~~ s ~~kaçar ve bina yaz aylarnda ar snmay önler~~. ~~Ancak eletirmenler~~, ~~camn münhasr kullanmnn yol açt ar enerji tüketiminin eklin herhangi bir faydasndan çok daha ar bastna dikkat çektiler~~.	+	The building's almost-spherical shape means it has around 25% less surface area than a cube building of the same volume, and so less heat escapes during winter and the building avoids overheating during summer. However, critics have pointed out that the excess energy consumption caused by the exclusive use of glass far outweighs any benefit of the shape.

−	~~Bina~~ 2.100 ~~ton çelik~~, 13.100 ~~metrekare~~.m ~~beton ve~~ 7.300 ~~metrekare~~.m ~~üçlü caml~~, ~~düük~~ emissivity ~~berrak cam kullanlarak ina edilmitir~~.	+	The building was constructed using 2,100 tonnes of steel, 13,100 sq. m of concrete, and 7,300 sq. m of triple-glazed, low-emissivity clear glass.

−	~~çeride~~, ~~10 katl binann tam yüksekliine kadar~~ 500 m (1.640 ft) ~~sarmal bir geçit spiraller~~.	+	Inside, a 500 m (1,640 ft) helical walkway spirals up to the full height of the 10-storey building.

	[[File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg]]		[[File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg]]
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* Construction start: 1998.		* Construction start: 1998.
	* Construction completed: 2002.		* Construction completed: 2002.
−	* ~~Kiraclar~~: ~~Büyük Londra Otoritesi~~.	+	* Tenants: Greater London Authority.
−	* ~~Sahibi~~: ~~Daha Londra~~ Development Ltd.	+	* Owner: More London Development Ltd.

−	= ~~Daha fazla bilgi edinin~~ =	+	= Find out more =

−	=== ~~Bina Tasarm~~ Wiki ~~lgili makaleler~~ ===	+	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

−	* 10 Downing ~~Soka~~.	+	* 10 Downing Street.
−	* ~~Breeam~~.	+	* BREEAM.
−	* BT ~~Kulesi~~.	+	* BT Tower.
−	* ~~Haftann serisinin yapm~~.	+	* Building of the week series.
−	* ~~Enerji hedefleri~~.	+	* Energy targets.
−	* ~~Enerji ve Çevre Tasarm~~ LEED ~~Liderlik~~.	+	* Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED.
−	* Leadenhall ~~binas~~.	+	* Leadenhall building.
−	* [[Lloyds_of_london\|~~Londra'dan~~ Lloyd.]]	+	* [[Lloyds_of_london\|Lloyd's of London.]]
−	* ~~Milenyum Kubbesi~~.	+	* Millennium Dome.
−	* ~~Ulusal Sahne Sanatlar Merkezi~~, ~~Pekin~~.	+	* National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing.
−	* Norman Foster' .	+	* Norman Foster.
−	* ~~Frsat Alan Planlama Çerçevesi~~ (OAPF).	+	* Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF).
−	* Westminster ~~Saray~~.	+	* Palace of Westminster.
−	* ~~Kullanmda performans~~.	+	* Performance in use.
−	* Reichstag ~~binas~~.	+	* Reichstag building.
−	* ~~DE Binas~~.	+	* SIS Building.
−	* ~~Sürdürülebilirlik~~.	+	* Sustainability.
−	* Gherkin'i.	+	* The Gherkin.
−	* Kremlin'e.	+	* The Kremlin.
−	* ~~Haftann srad bina tasarm~~.	+	* Unusual building design of the week.
−	* ~~Amerikan Kongre Binas~~.	+	* US Capitol Building.
−	* WELL ~~Bina~~ Standard.	+	* WELL Building Standard.
−	* Wembley Arena~~'da~~.	+	* Wembley Arena.
−	* Wembley ~~Stadyumu~~.	+	* Wembley Stadium.
−	* ~~Tüm yaam masraflar~~.	+	* Whole-life costs.

−	=== ~~D referanslar~~ ===	+	=== External references ===

−	* London.gov.uk - [https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building ~~Binamz Hakknda~~]	+	* London.gov.uk - [https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building About our building]
−	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm ~~Londra Belediye Binas~~]	+	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]

−	~~[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]]~~ [[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

176.234.10.171 at 15:05, 15 December 2020

2020-12-15T15:05:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:05, 15 December 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[File:London-71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London-71205_640.jpg]]		[[File:London-71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London-71205_640.jpg]]

−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= Giri =

−	City Hall ~~is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority~~ (GLA) ~~and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly~~. ~~Located on the south bank of the River Thames in~~ Southwark, ~~the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of~~ Berlin's [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag]]. ~~It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in~~ 2002.	+	City Hall, Büyük Londra daresi'nin (GLA) merkezidir ve Londra Belediye Bakan ve Londra Meclisi'nin resmi ofisi olarak hizmet vermektedir. Southwark Thames Nehri'nin güney kysnda yer alan bina, Berlin [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag'n]]yenilenmesi üzerine daha önceki çalmalarndan ilham alan ödüllü mimar Norman Foster tarafndan tasarlanmtr. 43 milyon £ maliyetle ina edilmi ve 2002 ylnda açld.

−	~~The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail~~, ~~business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and~~ Tower Bridge. ~~Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop~~, ~~designed to look as though the City Hall building has been~~ scooped ~~out of it~~.	+	Bina, Londra Köprüsü ve Tower Bridge arasndaki güney kysnda perakende, i ve restoran alann kapsayan Daha Londra'daki gelitirmenin bir parçasdr. Bitiik batk amfitiyatro Kepçe, Sanki Belediye Binas binas dar scooped edilmi gibi bakmak için tasarlanmtr.

−	~~It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear~~. ~~Each level is slightly offset from the one below~~, ~~making it hang over one side of the building~~. ~~As such~~, ~~it has been compared to a motorbike helmet~~, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm ~~glass egg~~]~~", a misshapen egg, and a~~ woodlouse. ~~Former mayor and inhabitant~~ Ken Livingstone ~~referred to it as “a~~ [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jul/08/arts.highereducation ~~glass testicle~~]”, ~~while his successor~~ Boris Johnson ~~opted for the nickname “The Onion”~~.	+	Bu binann hiçbir geleneksel ön veya arka anlamna gelir modifiye küre türetilen farkl bir soanl tasarma sahiptir. Her seviye, binann bir tarafna asmak için aadakinden biraz uzaktr. Bu nedenle, bir motosiklet kask ile karlatrlmtr, " cam yumurta ", ekilsiz bir[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm yumurta,]ve bir woodlouse. Eski belediye bakan ve sakini Ken Livingstone bunu [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jul/08/arts.highereducation "cam testis"]olarak adlandrrken, halefi Boris Johnson "Soan" lakabn seçti.

−	~~The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called~~ '~~London~~'~~s Living Room~~' ~~with an open viewing deck across the Thames~~, ~~said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion~~.	+	Binann üst thames karsnda açk bir izleme güvertesi ile 'Londra'nn Oturma Odas' adl bir sergi ve toplant alan evler, zaman zaman halka açk effaflk fikrini temsil ettii söyleniyor.

	[[File:City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg]]		[[File:City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg]]

−	= ~~Design and construction~~ =	+	= Tasarm ve inaat =

−	~~The building was designed using advanced computer-modelling techniques that 'enabled a radical rethink of architectural form' according to architects~~ Foster + Partners. ~~The unusual shape was intended to achieve~~ optimum ~~energy performance by maximising shading and minimising the surface area that is exposed to direct sunlight~~.	+	Bina mimarlar Foster + Partners göre 'mimari formun radikal bir yeniden düünmek etkin' gelimi bilgisayar modelleme teknikleri kullanlarak tasarlanmtr. Allmadk ekli gölgeleme maksimize ve dorudan güne na maruz yüzey alan en aza inerek optimum enerji performans elde etmek için tasarlanmtr.

−	~~The building's almost-spherical shape means it has around 25% less surface area than a cube building of the same volume~~, ~~and so less heat escapes during winter and the building avoids overheating during summer~~. ~~However~~, ~~critics have pointed out that the excess energy consumption caused by the exclusive use of glass far outweighs any benefit of the shape~~.	+	Binann neredeyse küresel ekli, ayn hacimdeki bir küp binasndan yaklak %25 daha az yüzey alanna sahip olduu anlamna gelir ve böylece k aylarnda daha az s kaçar ve bina yaz aylarnda ar snmay önler. Ancak eletirmenler, camn münhasr kullanmnn yol açt ar enerji tüketiminin eklin herhangi bir faydasndan çok daha ar bastna dikkat çektiler.

−	~~The building was constructed using~~ 2,100 ~~tonnes of steel~~, 13,100 sq. m ~~of concrete, and~~ 7,300 sq. m ~~of triple-glazed~~, ~~low-~~emissivity ~~clear glass~~.	+	Bina 2.100 ton çelik, 13.100 metrekare.m beton ve 7.300 metrekare.m üçlü caml, düük emissivity berrak cam kullanlarak ina edilmitir.

−	~~Inside~~, a 500 m (1,640 ft) ~~helical walkway spirals up to the full height of the 10-storey building~~.	+	çeride, 10 katl binann tam yüksekliine kadar 500 m (1.640 ft) sarmal bir geçit spiraller.

	[[File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg]]		[[File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg]]
Line 50:		Line 50:
	* Construction start: 1998.		* Construction start: 1998.
	* Construction completed: 2002.		* Construction completed: 2002.
−	* ~~Tenants~~: ~~Greater London Authority~~.	+	* Kiraclar: Büyük Londra Otoritesi.
−	* ~~Owner~~: ~~More London~~ Development Ltd.	+	* Sahibi: Daha Londra Development Ltd.

−	= ~~Find out more~~ =	+	= Daha fazla bilgi edinin =

−	=== ~~Related articles on Designing Buildings~~ Wiki ===	+	=== Bina Tasarm Wiki lgili makaleler ===

−	* 10 Downing ~~Street~~.	+	* 10 Downing Soka.
−	* ~~BREEAM~~.	+	* Breeam.
−	* BT ~~Tower~~.	+	* BT Kulesi.
−	* ~~Building of the week series~~.	+	* Haftann serisinin yapm.
−	* ~~Energy targets~~.	+	* Enerji hedefleri.
−	* ~~Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design~~ LEED.	+	* Enerji ve Çevre Tasarm LEED Liderlik.
−	* Leadenhall ~~building~~.	+	* Leadenhall binas.
−	* [[Lloyds_of_london\|~~Lloyd~~'~~s of London~~.]]	+	* [[Lloyds_of_london\|Londra'dan Lloyd.]]
−	* ~~Millennium Dome~~.	+	* Milenyum Kubbesi.
−	* ~~National Centre for the Performing Arts~~, ~~Beijing~~.	+	* Ulusal Sahne Sanatlar Merkezi, Pekin.
−	* Norman Foster.	+	* Norman Foster' .
−	* ~~Opportunity Area Planning Framework~~ (OAPF).	+	* Frsat Alan Planlama Çerçevesi (OAPF).
−	* ~~Palace of~~ Westminster.	+	* Westminster Saray.
−	* ~~Performance in use~~.	+	* Kullanmda performans.
−	* Reichstag ~~building~~.	+	* Reichstag binas.
−	* ~~SIS Building~~.	+	* DE Binas.
−	* ~~Sustainability~~.	+	* Sürdürülebilirlik.
−	* ~~The~~ Gherkin.	+	* Gherkin'i.
−	* ~~The~~ Kremlin.	+	* Kremlin'e.
−	* ~~Unusual building design of the week~~.	+	* Haftann srad bina tasarm.
−	* ~~US Capitol Building~~.	+	* Amerikan Kongre Binas.
−	* WELL ~~Building~~ Standard.	+	* WELL Bina Standard.
−	* Wembley Arena.	+	* Wembley Arena'da.
−	* Wembley ~~Stadium~~.	+	* Wembley Stadyumu.
−	* ~~Whole-life costs~~.	+	* Tüm yaam masraflar.

−	=== ~~External references~~ ===	+	=== D referanslar ===

−	* London.gov.uk - [https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building ~~About our building~~]	+	* London.gov.uk - [https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building Binamz Hakknda]
−	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm ~~London City Hall~~]	+	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm Londra Belediye Binas]

−	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Designing Buildings at 09:19, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T09:19:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:19, 30 September 2020
Line 88:		Line 88:
	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]		* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]

−	[[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

212.159.76.197 at 23:47, 31 January 2020

2020-01-31T23:47:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:47, 31 January 2020
Line 7:		Line 7:
	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.		The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.

−	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm glass egg]", a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a glass ~~testicle”~~, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.	+	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm glass egg]", a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a [https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/jul/08/arts.highereducation glass testicle]”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.

	The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.		The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.
Line 88:		Line 88:
	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]		* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]

−	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

212.159.76.197 at 23:46, 31 January 2020

2020-01-31T23:46:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:46, 31 January 2020
Line 7:		Line 7:
	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.		The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.

−	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a glass testicle”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.	+	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/2129199.stm glass egg]", a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a glass testicle”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.

	The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.		The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by 156.194.202.103 (talk) to last revision by Editor

2019-10-26T15:17:53Z

Reverted edits by 156.194.202.103 (talk) to last revision by Editor

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:17, 26 October 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	-----	+	[[File:London-71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London-71205_640.jpg]]
−	[[~~Category~~:~~Articles_needing_more_work~~]] [[~~Category~~:~~Conservation~~]] [[~~Category:Education~~]] [[~~Category~~:~~Projects_and_case_studies]~~] [[Category:~~BIM~~]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+
		+	= Introduction =
		+
		+	City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Located on the south bank of the River Thames in Southwark, the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of Berlin's [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag]]. It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in 2002.
		+
		+	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.
		+
		+	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a glass testicle”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.
		+
		+	The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.
		+
		+	[[File:City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg]]
		+
		+	= Design and construction =
		+
		+	The building was designed using advanced computer-modelling techniques that 'enabled a radical rethink of architectural form' according to architects Foster + Partners. The unusual shape was intended to achieve optimum energy performance by maximising shading and minimising the surface area that is exposed to direct sunlight.
		+
		+	The building's almost-spherical shape means it has around 25% less surface area than a cube building of the same volume, and so less heat escapes during winter and the building avoids overheating during summer. However, critics have pointed out that the excess energy consumption caused by the exclusive use of glass far outweighs any benefit of the shape.
		+
		+	The building was constructed using 2,100 tonnes of steel, 13,100 sq. m of concrete, and 7,300 sq. m of triple-glazed, low-emissivity clear glass.
		+
		+	Inside, a 500 m (1,640 ft) helical walkway spirals up to the full height of the 10-storey building.
		+
		+	[[File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg]]
		+
		+	= Energy efficiency =
		+
		+	The energy efficiency of City Hall has been the subject of some confusion and controversy.
		+
		+	It was specifically designed to keep carbon emissions as low as possible. In addition to the building's shape, cold ground water from the Thames water table is brought up through bore holes where it flows through beams on each floor to chill the office spaces, thereby reducing electricity consumption from air conditioning systems, and is then used to flush toilets. The building is also naturally ventilated, with user-operated vents beneath every window.
		+
		+	Despite claiming to 'demonstrate the potential for a sustainable, virtually non-polluting public building', its energy use measurements were initially shown to be fairly inefficient; at one time achieving a 2012 Display Energy Performance Certificate rating of 'D'. Improvements have been made since construction was completed, and in 2014/15, City Hall emitted 1,985 tonnes of carbon dioxide, which it claims is 'better than the average amount for similar buildings'.
		+
		+	Some of these improvements are as follows:
		+
		+	* Solar photovoltaic panels installed in 2007.
		+	* 'Voltage optimisation' technology was installed to reduce the voltage used to the minimum required.
		+	* Changing from 75 watt bulbs to 16 watt LEDS where possible, with movement sensors on all floors.
		+	* 'Boiler optimisation' to ensure that no more heat is generated than required.
		+	* Smart meters that allow energy use to be measured on a floor-by-floor basis.
		+
		+	= Project data =
		+
		+	* Address: Southwark, London.
		+	* Architect: Norman Foster.
		+	* Structural engineer: Arup.
		+	* Construction manager: MACE.
		+	* Height: 45 m.
		+	* Construction start: 1998.
		+	* Construction completed: 2002.
		+	* Tenants: Greater London Authority.
		+	* Owner: More London Development Ltd.
		+
		+	= Find out more =
		+
		+	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
		+
		+	* 10 Downing Street.
		+	* BREEAM.
		+	* BT Tower.
		+	* Building of the week series.
		+	* Energy targets.
		+	* Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED.
		+	* Leadenhall building.
		+	* [[Lloyds_of_london\|Lloyd's of London.]]
		+	* Millennium Dome.
		+	* National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing.
		+	* Norman Foster.
		+	* Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF).
		+	* Palace of Westminster.
		+	* Performance in use.
		+	* Reichstag building.
		+	* SIS Building.
		+	* Sustainability.
		+	* The Gherkin.
		+	* The Kremlin.
		+	* Unusual building design of the week.
		+	* US Capitol Building.
		+	* WELL Building Standard.
		+	* Wembley Arena.
		+	* Wembley Stadium.
		+	* Whole-life costs.
		+
		+	=== External references ===
		+
		+	* London.gov.uk - [https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building About our building]
		+	* Designbookmag - [http://www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall]
		+
		+	[[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

156.194.202.103: Replaced content with "----- Category:Articles_needing_more_work Category:Conservation Category:Education Category:Projects_and_case_studies Category:BIM [[Category:Sustainabili..."

2019-10-26T13:42:29Z

Replaced content with "----- Category:Articles_needing_more_work Category:Conservation Category:Education Category:Projects_and_case_studies Category:BIM [[Category:Sustainabili..."

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:42, 26 October 2019
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~[[File:London~~-~~71205_640.jpg\|link=File:London~~-~~71205_640.jpg]]~~	+	-----
−		+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:Education]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:BIM]] [[Category:Sustainability]]
−	~~= Introduction =~~	+
−		+
−	City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Located on the south bank of the River Thames in Southwark, the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of Berlin's [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag]]. It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in 2002.	+
−		+
−	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.	+
−		+
−	It has a distinctive bulbous design derived from a modified sphere which means the building has no conventional front or rear. Each level is slightly offset from the one below, making it hang over one side of the building. As such, it has been compared to a motorbike helmet, a misshapen egg, and a woodlouse. Former mayor and inhabitant Ken Livingstone referred to it as “a glass testicle”, while his successor Boris Johnson opted for the nickname “The Onion”.	+
−		+
−	The top of the building houses an exhibition and meeting space called 'London's Living Room' with an open viewing deck across the Thames, said to represent the idea of transparency, which is open to the public on occasion.	+
−		+
−	[[~~File~~:~~City_Hall.jpg\|link=File:City_Hall.jpg~~]]	+
−		+
−	~~= Design and construction =~~	+
−		+
−	The building was designed using advanced computer-modelling techniques that 'enabled a radical rethink of architectural form' according to architects Foster + Partners. The unusual shape was intended to achieve optimum energy performance by maximising shading and minimising the surface area that is exposed to direct sunlight.	+
−		+
−	The building's almost-spherical shape means it has around 25% less surface area than a cube building of the same volume, and so less heat escapes during winter and the building avoids overheating during summer. However, critics have pointed out that the excess energy consumption caused by the exclusive use of glass far outweighs any benefit of the shape.	+
−		+
−	~~The building was constructed using 2,100 tonnes of steel, 13,100 sq. m of concrete, and 7,300 sq. m of triple-glazed, low-emissivity clear glass.~~	+
−		+
−	~~Inside, a 500 m (1,640 ft) helical walkway spirals up to the full height of the 10-storey building.~~	+
−		+
−	[[~~File~~:~~City-hall-1333532_640.jpg\|link=File:City-hall-1333532_640.jpg~~]]	+
−		+
−	~~= Energy efficiency =~~	+
−		+
−	~~The energy efficiency of City Hall has been the subject of some confusion and controversy.~~	+
−		+
−	It was specifically designed to keep carbon emissions as low as possible. In addition to the building's shape, cold ground water from the Thames water table is brought up through bore holes where it flows through beams on each floor to chill the office spaces, thereby reducing electricity consumption from air conditioning systems, and is then used to flush toilets. The building is also naturally ventilated, with user-operated vents beneath every window.	+
−		+
−	Despite claiming to 'demonstrate the potential for a sustainable, virtually non-polluting public building', its energy use measurements were initially shown to be fairly inefficient; at one time achieving a 2012 Display Energy Performance Certificate rating of 'D'. Improvements have been made since construction was completed, and in 2014/15, City Hall emitted 1,985 tonnes of carbon dioxide, which it claims is 'better than the average amount for similar buildings'.	+
−		+
−	~~Some of these improvements are as follows:~~	+
−		+
−	* Solar photovoltaic panels installed in 2007.	+
−	* 'Voltage optimisation' technology was installed to reduce the voltage used to the minimum required.	+
−	* Changing from 75 watt bulbs to 16 watt LEDS where possible, with movement sensors on all floors.	+
−	* 'Boiler optimisation' to ensure that no more heat is generated than required.	+
−	* Smart meters that allow energy use to be measured on a floor-by-floor basis.	+
−		+
−	~~= Project data =~~	+
−		+
−	* Address: Southwark, London.	+
−	* Architect: Norman Foster.	+
−	* Structural engineer: Arup.	+
−	* Construction manager: MACE.	+
−	* Height: 45 m.	+
−	* Construction start: 1998.	+
−	* Construction completed: 2002.	+
−	* Tenants: Greater London Authority.	+
−	* Owner: More London Development Ltd.	+
−		+
−	~~= Find out more =~~	+
−		+
−	~~=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===~~	+
−		+
−	* 10 Downing Street.	+
−	* BREEAM.	+
−	* BT Tower.	+
−	* Building of the week series.	+
−	* Energy targets.	+
−	* Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED.	+
−	* Leadenhall building.	+
−	* [[~~Lloyds_of_london\|Lloyd's of London.~~]]	+
−	* Millennium Dome.	+
−	* National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing.	+
−	* Norman Foster.	+
−	* Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF).	+
−	* Palace of Westminster.	+
−	* Performance in use.	+
−	* Reichstag building.	+
−	* SIS Building.	+
−	* Sustainability.	+
−	* The Gherkin.	+
−	* The Kremlin.	+
−	* Unusual building design of the week.	+
−	* US Capitol Building.	+
−	* WELL Building Standard.	+
−	* Wembley Arena.	+
−	* Wembley Stadium.	+
−	* Whole-life costs.	+
−		+
−	~~=== External references ===~~	+
−		+
−	* London.gov.uk - [~~https://www.london.gov.uk/about-us/our-building-and-squares/about-our-building About our building]~~	+
−	* Designbookmag - [~~http~~:~~//www.designbookmag.com/londoncityhall.htm London City Hall~~]	+
−		+
−	[[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:Sustainability]]	+

Editor at 14:10, 8 June 2017

2017-06-08T14:10:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:10, 8 June 2017
Line 57:		Line 57:
	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* 10 Downing Street.
	* BREEAM.		* BREEAM.
	* BT Tower.		* BT Tower.

Editor at 15:55, 2 June 2017

2017-06-02T15:55:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:55, 2 June 2017
Line 66:		Line 66:
	* Millennium Dome.		* Millennium Dome.
	* National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing.		* National Centre for the Performing Arts, Beijing.
		+	* Norman Foster.
	* Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF).		* Opportunity Area Planning Framework (OAPF).
	* Palace of Westminster.		* Palace of Westminster.

Editor at 14:19, 13 April 2017

2017-04-13T14:19:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 13 April 2017
Line 3:		Line 3:
	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Located on the south bank of the River Thames in Southwark, the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of Berlin's Reichstag. It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in 2002.	+	City Hall is the headquarters of the Greater London Authority (GLA) and serves as the official office for the Mayor of London and the London Assembly. Located on the south bank of the River Thames in Southwark, the building was designed by the award-winning architect Norman Foster, who drew inspiration from his earlier work on the renovation of Berlin's [[Reichstag_building\|Reichstag]]. It was constructed at a cost of £43 million and opened in 2002.

	The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.		The building is part of the More London development that encompasses retail, business and restaurant space on the south bank between London Bridge and Tower Bridge. Adjacent is the sunken amphitheatre The Scoop, designed to look as though the City Hall building has been scooped out of it.