Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel - Revision history

Editor at 10:30, 18 September 2020

2020-09-18T10:30:02Z

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	{\|		{\|
−	~~\|width="100%"~~\| [[File:CBBTphoto.jpg\|link=File:CBBTphoto.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:CBBTphoto.jpg\|link=File:CBBTphoto.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
−	\| Wind Watcher, Flickr, "Tight and Light - Kite Over The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel", source [[~~source_https~~://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428\|~~source~~ https://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428]].	+	\| Photo credit: Wind Watcher, Flickr, "Tight and Light - Kite Over The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel", image source [[w/index.php?title=Source_https://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428&action=edit&redlink=1\|https://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428]].
	\|}		\|}

Editor at 10:28, 18 September 2020

2020-09-18T10:28:42Z

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−	[[File:CBBTphoto.jpg\|link=File:CBBTphoto.jpg]]	+	{\|
		+	\|width="100%"\| [[File:CBBTphoto.jpg\|link=File:CBBTphoto.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| Wind Watcher, Flickr, "Tight and Light - Kite Over The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel", source [[source_https://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428\|source https://www.flickr.com/photos/wind-watcher/4911968428]].
		+	\|}

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

Editor at 10:24, 18 September 2020

2020-09-18T10:24:52Z

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	* Tunnels of the world.		* Tunnels of the world.

−	[[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~International~~]] [[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Project_Knowledge~~]] [[Category:~~Research_/_Innovation~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation~~]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]

Editor at 13:59, 29 July 2020

2020-07-29T13:59:14Z

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	* Bridge construction.		* Bridge construction.
	* Bridges of the world.		* Bridges of the world.
		+	* Civil engineering dream projects.
	* Lucky Knot Bridge.		* Lucky Knot Bridge.
	* State Route 520 Floating Bridge.		* State Route 520 Floating Bridge.
	* Tunnels of the world.		* Tunnels of the world.

−	[[Category:History]] [[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]	+	[[Category:History]] [[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Construction_management]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]

Editor at 09:00, 29 June 2020

2020-06-29T09:00:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:00, 29 June 2020
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	The Bridge-Tunnel became insufficient for growing demand as the area was more widely developed. By 1989, officials decided a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required to accommodate both road and waterway traffic. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.		The Bridge-Tunnel became insufficient for growing demand as the area was more widely developed. By 1989, officials decided a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required to accommodate both road and waterway traffic. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.

−	[[File:CBBTdiagram.jpg]]	+	[[File:CBBTdiagram.jpg\|link=File:CBBTdiagram.jpg]]

	This informational sign is located at the rest area and visitors' centre on the South (Thimble Shoals) Island. This picture is current as of 31 March 2005.		This informational sign is located at the rest area and visitors' centre on the South (Thimble Shoals) Island. This picture is current as of 31 March 2005.
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	= Accidents =		= Accidents =

−	The original construction process was considered risky back in the 1960s. The dangerous project took the lives of seven workers and has continued to create hazards in the area, although, fortunately, these have ~~not~~ been fatal:	+	The original construction process was considered risky back in the 1960s. The dangerous project took the lives of seven workers and has continued to create hazards in the area, although, fortunately, none of these subsequent accidents have been fatal:

	* 1967 - Struck by a coal barge that had broken its anchor. Repairs shut down the structure and took two weeks to complete.		* 1967 - Struck by a coal barge that had broken its anchor. Repairs shut down the structure and took two weeks to complete.

Editor at 08:58, 29 June 2020

2020-06-29T08:58:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:58, 29 June 2020
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	The Bridge-Tunnel became insufficient for growing demand as the area was more widely developed. By 1989, officials decided a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required to accommodate both road and waterway traffic. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.		The Bridge-Tunnel became insufficient for growing demand as the area was more widely developed. By 1989, officials decided a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required to accommodate both road and waterway traffic. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.

		+	[[File:CBBTdiagram.jpg]]
		+
		+	This informational sign is located at the rest area and visitors' centre on the South (Thimble Shoals) Island. This picture is current as of 31 March 2005.
		+
		+	-----
	As of 2020, the structures combine two tunnels, four artificial islands and four bridges and include lengthy causeways at both approaches. Bridges make up the majority of the length of the structure, which sits just above the surface of the water. The tunnel portions are strategically situated so ships can pass through the area efficiently.		As of 2020, the structures combine two tunnels, four artificial islands and four bridges and include lengthy causeways at both approaches. Bridges make up the majority of the length of the structure, which sits just above the surface of the water. The tunnel portions are strategically situated so ships can pass through the area efficiently.

Designing Buildings at 06:26, 29 June 2020

2020-06-29T06:26:04Z

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	= Later expansions =		= Later expansions =

−	Final technical and price proposals for the second expansion were released in 2016. Unlike the first tunnel, the new tunnel (named the Parallel Thimble Shoal Tunnel project) ~~is being~~ created through the use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM).	+	Final technical and price proposals for the second expansion were released in 2016. Unlike the first tunnel, the new tunnel (named the Parallel Thimble Shoal Tunnel project) will created through the use of a tunnel boring machine (TBM).

	The boring process for the construction began in 2017. It is estimated that the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) will remove approximately 500,000 cubic yards of soil in the process and the tunnel will consist of roughly 9,000 sections of concrete. The TBM will be used to add the concrete sections, which are being moved into the tunnel one at a time on mine cars.		The boring process for the construction began in 2017. It is estimated that the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) will remove approximately 500,000 cubic yards of soil in the process and the tunnel will consist of roughly 9,000 sections of concrete. The TBM will be used to add the concrete sections, which are being moved into the tunnel one at a time on mine cars.
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	= Accidents =		= Accidents =

−	The original construction process was considered risky back in the 1960s. The dangerous project took the lives of seven workers and has continued to create hazards in the area~~. Fortunately~~, these have not been fatal.	+	The original construction process was considered risky back in the 1960s. The dangerous project took the lives of seven workers and has continued to create hazards in the area, although, fortunately, these have not been fatal:

	* 1967 - Struck by a coal barge that had broken its anchor. Repairs shut down the structure and took two weeks to complete.		* 1967 - Struck by a coal barge that had broken its anchor. Repairs shut down the structure and took two weeks to complete.
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	* 1972 - Another barge broke from its anchor and hit the bridge. This also required two weeks to repair.		* 1972 - Another barge broke from its anchor and hit the bridge. This also required two weeks to repair.

−	There have been several other barge collisions over the years, but none of the repairs required closure of more than a few hours.	+	There have been several other barge collisions over the years, but none of the repairs required closure for more than a few hours.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =

Designing Buildings at 06:23, 29 June 2020

2020-06-29T06:23:08Z

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	= Expansion required =		= Expansion required =

−	~~Having one~~ Bridge-Tunnel ~~connecting the region~~ became ~~inadequate~~ as the area ~~became~~ more developed. By 1989, officials ~~determined that another~~ structure would be ~~necessary~~.	+	The Bridge-Tunnel became insufficient for growing demand as the area was more widely developed. By 1989, officials decided a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required to accommodate both road and waterway traffic. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.

−	It was felt that a parallel structure composed of bridges and trestles would be required in order to control both road and waterway traffic in the area. The first expansion was completed in 1999 (ahead of the original 2000 proposed deadline) and doubled the capacity of the bridge portion of the structure. A parallel tunnel was put off for a future project, which was approved as part of a second expansion in 2013.	+	As of 2020, the structures combine two tunnels, four artificial islands and four bridges and include lengthy causeways at both approaches. Bridges make up the majority of the length of the structure, which sits just above the surface of the water. The tunnel portions are strategically situated so ships can pass through the area efficiently.
−		+
−	As of 2020, the structures combine two tunnels, four artificial islands and four bridges and include lengthy causeways at both approaches. Bridges make up the majority of the length of the structure, which ~~just~~ sits above the surface of the water. The tunnel portions are strategically situated so ships can pass through the area efficiently.	+

	= Later expansions =		= Later expansions =

Designing Buildings at 06:19, 29 June 2020

2020-06-29T06:19:11Z

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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel is a 28.4 km (17.6-mile) structure situated on the East Coast of the United States. The Bridge-Tunnel (also referred to as a ‘Brunnel’) spans one of the points where the Chesapeake Bay reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It connects the state of Virginia with the state of Delaware and reduces 95 miles of ~~travelling~~ distance between two densely populated parts of the East Coast.	+	The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel is a 28.4 km (17.6-mile) structure situated on the East Coast of the United States. The Bridge-Tunnel (also referred to as a ‘Brunnel’) spans one of the points where the Chesapeake Bay reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It connects the state of Virginia with the state of Delaware and reduces 95 miles of travel distance between two densely populated parts of the East Coast.

	Up until 2018, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was the longest of its kind in the world. However, that title has since been passed over to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge (which is approximately 41.7 km or 26 miles).		Up until 2018, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was the longest of its kind in the world. However, that title has since been passed over to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge (which is approximately 41.7 km or 26 miles).
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	The decision to opt for a Bridge-Tunnel was based on several factors. First, the waterway was located in the middle of two major Atlantic shipping channels. Second, it was an important access route for a large, nearby Naval base. A bridge was originally proposed for the area, but it was thought to be too vulnerable to possible disruptive behaviour (in the form of deliberate destruction designed to harm Naval traffic and other shipping activity).		The decision to opt for a Bridge-Tunnel was based on several factors. First, the waterway was located in the middle of two major Atlantic shipping channels. Second, it was an important access route for a large, nearby Naval base. A bridge was originally proposed for the area, but it was thought to be too vulnerable to possible disruptive behaviour (in the form of deliberate destruction designed to harm Naval traffic and other shipping activity).

−	When the Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel opened in 1964, it was considered one of the modern engineering marvels of the world. In 1965 it was ~~designated as~~ the Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement of the Year by the American Society of Civil Engineers.	+	When the Chesapeake Bay-Bridge Tunnel opened in 1964, it was considered one of the modern engineering marvels of the world. In 1965 it was named the Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement of the Year by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

	= Construction =		= Construction =

−	~~Money~~ was raised through bonds and private investments ~~for the project. No~~ tax dollars were used. ~~Once funds were sufficient, construction~~ began in 1964.	+	Finance was raised through bonds and private investments - no tax dollars were used. Construction began in 1964 and took 42 months.

−	Construction for the tunnels was based on techniques developed by Ole Knutsen Singstad (a Norweigan-American civil engineer who was also responsible for the ventilation system used in New York’s Holland Tunnel and many others). This technique (known as an immersed tube tunnel) required the creation of large ditches for sections of the tunnel; barges ~~were~~ then ~~used to lower~~ pre-fabricated tunnel sections which were ~~then~~ filled with water to bring them down into place. At this point, underwater construction crews joined the sections together and the water was pumped out. Finally, the sections were buried.	+	Construction for the tunnels was based on techniques developed by Ole Knutsen Singstad (a Norweigan-American civil engineer who was also responsible for the ventilation system used in New York’s Holland Tunnel and many others). This technique (known as an immersed tube tunnel) required the creation of large ditches for sections of the tunnel; barges then lowered pre-fabricated tunnel sections which were filled with water to bring them down into place. At this point, underwater construction crews joined the sections together and the water was pumped out. Finally, the sections were buried.

−	The original ~~Bridge-Tunnel~~ used several different building techniques - cantilever, arch and suspension~~. The undertaking lasted 42 months~~.	+	The original bridge sections used several different building techniques - cantilever, arch and suspension.

	= Expansion required =		= Expansion required =

Editor at 18:06, 26 June 2020

2020-06-26T18:06:40Z

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	The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel is a 28.4 km (17.6-mile) structure situated on the East Coast of the United States. The Bridge-Tunnel (also referred to as a ‘Brunnel’) spans one of the points where the Chesapeake Bay reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It connects the state of Virginia with the state of Delaware and reduces 95 miles of travelling distance between two densely populated parts of the East Coast.		The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel is a 28.4 km (17.6-mile) structure situated on the East Coast of the United States. The Bridge-Tunnel (also referred to as a ‘Brunnel’) spans one of the points where the Chesapeake Bay reaches the Atlantic Ocean. It connects the state of Virginia with the state of Delaware and reduces 95 miles of travelling distance between two densely populated parts of the East Coast.

−	Up until 2018, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was the longest of its kind in the world. However, that title has since been passed over to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge (which is approximately 41.7 km or 26-miles).	+	Up until 2018, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel was the longest of its kind in the world. However, that title has since been passed over to the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge (which is approximately 41.7 km or 26 miles).

	= History =		= History =