Carbon fibre - Revision history

Editor at 21:47, 23 December 2021

2021-12-23T21:47:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:47, 23 December 2021
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	In Canada, engineers have integrated fibre optic sensors into numerous FRP-reinforced systems to ensure that adequate supervision of the systems is provided.		In Canada, engineers have integrated fibre optic sensors into numerous FRP-reinforced systems to ensure that adequate supervision of the systems is provided.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Carbon fibre market.		* Carbon fibre market.
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	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
	* Graphene in civil engineering.		* Graphene in civil engineering.
		+	* Laminate.
	* Nylon.		* Nylon.
	* Plastic.		* Plastic.

Editor at 18:30, 19 November 2020

2020-11-19T18:30:26Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 19 November 2020
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	* Plastic.		* Plastic.
	* Polyethylene.		* Polyethylene.
		+	* Textile-reinforced mortars TRM.

−	=== External references ===	+	= External references =

	* [http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm]		* [http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm]

Designing Buildings at 09:52, 21 September 2020

2020-09-21T09:52:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 21 September 2020
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	* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]		* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]

−	[[Category:~~Construction_techniques~~]] [[Category:~~Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 18:13, 12 February 2019

2019-02-12T18:13:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:13, 12 February 2019
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	In Canada, engineers have integrated fibre optic sensors into numerous FRP-reinforced systems to ensure that adequate supervision of the systems is provided.		In Canada, engineers have integrated fibre optic sensors into numerous FRP-reinforced systems to ensure that adequate supervision of the systems is provided.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Carbon fibre market.		* Carbon fibre market.
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	* Fabric structures.		* Fabric structures.
	* Fibre cement.		* Fibre cement.
		+	* Glass fibre
	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
	* Graphene in civil engineering.		* Graphene in civil engineering.
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	* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]		* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]

−	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Editor at 13:49, 12 June 2018

2018-06-12T13:49:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:49, 12 June 2018
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	* Nylon.		* Nylon.
	* Plastic.		* Plastic.
		+	* Polyethylene.

	=== External references ===		=== External references ===

Editor at 13:01, 25 May 2018

2018-05-25T13:01:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 25 May 2018
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	Shear stress is induced in the plane of an area when external loads tend to cause two segments of a body to slide over one another. The shear strength of FRP is difficult to quantify. Generally, failure will occur within the matrix material parallel to the fibres.		Shear stress is induced in the plane of an area when external loads tend to cause two segments of a body to slide over one another. The shear strength of FRP is difficult to quantify. Generally, failure will occur within the matrix material parallel to the fibres.

−	Among ~~FRP~~'s high strength properties, the most relevant features include excellent durability and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, their high strength-to-weight ratio is of significant benefit; a member composed of FRP can support larger live loads since its dead weight does not contribute significantly to the loads that it must bear. Other features include ease of installation, versatility, anti-seismic behaviour, electromagnetic neutrality, excellent fatigue behaviour, and fire resistance.	+	Among FRPs' high strength properties, the most relevant features include excellent durability and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, their high strength-to-weight ratio is of significant benefit; a member composed of FRP can support larger live loads since its dead weight does not contribute significantly to the loads that it must bear. Other features include ease of installation, versatility, anti-seismic behaviour, electromagnetic neutrality, excellent fatigue behaviour, and fire resistance.

	However, like most structural materials, FRPs have a few drawbacks: high cost, brittle behaviour, susceptibility to deformation under long-term loads, UV degradation, photo-degradation (from exposure to light), temperature and moisture effects, lack of design codes, and lack of awareness.		However, like most structural materials, FRPs have a few drawbacks: high cost, brittle behaviour, susceptibility to deformation under long-term loads, UV degradation, photo-degradation (from exposure to light), temperature and moisture effects, lack of design codes, and lack of awareness.
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	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
	* Graphene in civil engineering.		* Graphene in civil engineering.
		+	* Nylon.
	* Plastic.		* Plastic.

Editor at 14:07, 17 May 2018

2018-05-17T14:07:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 17 May 2018
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	Carbon fibre is fibre made of carbon. But, these fibres are only a base. What is commonly referred to as carbon fibre is a material consisting of very thin filaments of carbon bound together with plastic polymer resin by heat, pressure or in a vacuum. The resulting composite material both strong and lightweight.		Carbon fibre is fibre made of carbon. But, these fibres are only a base. What is commonly referred to as carbon fibre is a material consisting of very thin filaments of carbon bound together with plastic polymer resin by heat, pressure or in a vacuum. The resulting composite material both strong and lightweight.

−	Like many fabrics, the strength of carbon fibre is in the weave. The more complex the weave, the more durable the composite will be. It is helpful to imagine a wire screen that is interwoven with another screen at an angle, and another at a slightly different angle, and so on, with each wire in each screen made of carbon fibre strands. ~~Now imagine~~ this mesh of screens drenched in liquid plastic, and then pressed or heated until the material fuses together. The angle of the weave, as well as the resin used with the fibre, will determine the strength of the overall composite. The resin is most commonly epoxy, but can also be thermoplastic, polyurethane, vinyl ester, or polyester.	+	Like many fabrics, the strength of carbon fibre is in the weave. The more complex the weave, the more durable the composite will be. It is helpful to imagine a wire screen that is interwoven with another screen at an angle, and another at a slightly different angle, and so on, with each wire in each screen made of carbon fibre strands. Imagine this mesh of screens drenched in liquid plastic, and then pressed or heated until the material fuses together. The angle of the weave, as well as the resin used with the fibre, will determine the strength of the overall composite. The resin is most commonly epoxy, but can also be thermoplastic, polyurethane, vinyl ester, or polyester.

	Alternatively, a mold may be cast and the carbon fibres applied over it. The carbon fibre composite is then allowed to cure, often by a vacuum process. In this method, the mold is used to achieve the desired shape. This technique is preferred for uncomplicated forms that are needed on demand.		Alternatively, a mold may be cast and the carbon fibres applied over it. The carbon fibre composite is then allowed to cure, often by a vacuum process. In this method, the mold is used to achieve the desired shape. This technique is preferred for uncomplicated forms that are needed on demand.
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	* 2008 - Technical problems and global recession slowed plans for expanding manufacturing of carbon fibre.		* 2008 - Technical problems and global recession slowed plans for expanding manufacturing of carbon fibre.

−	= Outlook for ~~Carbon~~ fibres =	+	= Outlook for carbon fibres =

	Despite the economic slowdown, particularly around 2008-2009 , the outlook for carbon fibres is positive.		Despite the economic slowdown, particularly around 2008-2009 , the outlook for carbon fibres is positive.
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	Short carbon fibre reinforced concrete was an area of intense activity in Japan. Although carbon fibres are still used in cement slurry and concrete, this area is no longer being pursued as aggressively as it once was, primarily due to economics and codes that do not take into account the higher levels of performance. Although concrete is good in compression, it lacks toughness, tensile capacity and flexural strength.		Short carbon fibre reinforced concrete was an area of intense activity in Japan. Although carbon fibres are still used in cement slurry and concrete, this area is no longer being pursued as aggressively as it once was, primarily due to economics and codes that do not take into account the higher levels of performance. Although concrete is good in compression, it lacks toughness, tensile capacity and flexural strength.

−	Although steel reinforcement (rebar) is conventionally used in reinforced concrete to provide tensile reinforcement, there are a number of applications such as curtain walls, fascia panels, panelling for access ducts, barriers, and so on in which cement mortar by itself could be used if tensile strength, flexural capacity and toughness could be improved. Asbestos fibres traditionally have been used as reinforcement in chopped fibre form for applications such as thin sheet-like materials or boards (where reinforcing bars cannot be used due to thickness constraints), structural and architectural panels that must withstand high loads and/or deformations, and structural components where the fibres are added to obtain toughness and prevent cracking. The overall use of asbestos prior to the determination of it as a health hazard has been estimated to be as high as 2.5 to 3 million tons. Potential replacements for asbestos have ranged from steel fibres, polypropylene, nylon and polyethylene to glass, carbon and aramid fibres. A potential replacement for asbestos must be able to match most of the attributes that made asbestos a useful additive to cement mortar. These attributes are:	+	Although steel reinforcement (rebar) is conventionally used in reinforced concrete to provide tensile reinforcement, there are a number of applications such as curtain walls, fascia panels, panelling for access ducts, barriers, and so on in which cement mortar by itself could be used if tensile strength, flexural capacity and toughness could be improved.
		+
		+	Asbestos fibres traditionally have been used as reinforcement in chopped fibre form for applications such as thin sheet-like materials or boards (where reinforcing bars cannot be used due to thickness constraints), structural and architectural panels that must withstand high loads and/or deformations, and structural components where the fibres are added to obtain toughness and prevent cracking.
		+
		+	The overall use of asbestos prior to the determination of it as a health hazard has been estimated to be as high as 2.5 to 3 million tons. Potential replacements for asbestos have ranged from steel fibres, polypropylene, nylon and polyethylene to glass, carbon and aramid fibres. A potential replacement for asbestos must be able to match most of the attributes that made asbestos a useful additive to cement mortar. These attributes are:

	* strain to failure significantly higher than that of concrete mortar		* strain to failure significantly higher than that of concrete mortar
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	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
	* Graphene in civil engineering.		* Graphene in civil engineering.
		+	* Plastic.

	=== External references ===		=== External references ===

Editor at 11:46, 22 January 2018

2018-01-22T11:46:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:46, 22 January 2018
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	Fibre reinforcement of concrete has been very popular and a common method used to increase the strength and cracking resistance of the material. Although fibre reinforcement has been extensively studied for concrete pavements, these pavements only make up a small portion of the United States infrastructure system. In comparison, hot-mix asphalt (HMA) accounts for approximately 94% of the paved roadways in the United States and the trend is similar for airfield pavements. This type of paving material can provide a cost-effective method of surfacing roads, airfields and improving the world’s transportation infrastructure system. However, like any type paving material, HMA is subject to distress mechanisms which lead to deterioration and failure over time.		Fibre reinforcement of concrete has been very popular and a common method used to increase the strength and cracking resistance of the material. Although fibre reinforcement has been extensively studied for concrete pavements, these pavements only make up a small portion of the United States infrastructure system. In comparison, hot-mix asphalt (HMA) accounts for approximately 94% of the paved roadways in the United States and the trend is similar for airfield pavements. This type of paving material can provide a cost-effective method of surfacing roads, airfields and improving the world’s transportation infrastructure system. However, like any type paving material, HMA is subject to distress mechanisms which lead to deterioration and failure over time.

−	Distresses are the result of one or more factors, including magnitude of load, type of load, climatic conditions, material characteristics and material interactions. Major pavement distresses that challenge pavement engineers include permanent deformation (rutting), fatigue cracking, thermal cracking and raveling . Hoping to minimise or slow these pavement distresses, research has explored mixture modification through the use of fibres. Inclusion of fibres in paving materials serves to reinforce the material by adding additional tensile strength to the material that results from interconnection between aggregates. This interconnection may allow the material to withstand additional strain energy before cracking or fracture occurs.	+	Distresses are the result of one or more factors, including magnitude of load, type of load, climatic conditions, material characteristics and material interactions. Major pavement distresses that challenge pavement engineers include permanent deformation (rutting), fatigue cracking, thermal cracking and raveling.
		+
		+	Hoping to minimise or slow these pavement distresses, research has explored mixture modification through the use of fibres. Inclusion of fibres in paving materials serves to reinforce the material by adding additional tensile strength to the material that results from interconnection between aggregates. This interconnection may allow the material to withstand additional strain energy before cracking or fracture occurs.

	Researchers have experimented with many different types of fibre reinforcement, including polyester, asbestos, glass, polypropylene, carbon, cellulose, Kevlar and recycled waste fibres. In addition, fibre-reinforcement of HMA has evolved to include a blend of different fibres to achieve different performance characteristics.		Researchers have experimented with many different types of fibre reinforcement, including polyester, asbestos, glass, polypropylene, carbon, cellulose, Kevlar and recycled waste fibres. In addition, fibre-reinforcement of HMA has evolved to include a blend of different fibres to achieve different performance characteristics.
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	* Fibre cement.		* Fibre cement.
	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
		+	* Graphene in civil engineering.

	=== External references ===		=== External references ===

Designing Buildings at 16:28, 18 January 2018

2018-01-18T16:28:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 18 January 2018
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	* [http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm]		* [http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm http://www.wtec.org/loyola/compce/02_01.htm]
−	* [http://www.fortressstabilization.com/concrete-reinforcement.php http://www.fortressstabilization.com/concrete-reinforcement.php]
	* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]		* [http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/ http://gnatchung.tripod.com/FRP/]

	[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 16:38, 15 January 2018

2018-01-15T16:38:23Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:38, 15 January 2018
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

−	* Carbon ~~dioxide~~.	+	* Carbon fibre market.
	* Composites.		* Composites.
	* Concrete.		* Concrete.
−	* Concrete vs. steel.
	* ETFE.		* ETFE.
	* Fabric structures.		* Fabric structures.
	* Fibre cement.		* Fibre cement.
	* Glass reinforced concrete.		* Glass reinforced concrete.
−	* Metal fabrication.
−	* Mortar.
−	* Prestressed concrete.
−	* Rebar.
−	* The history of fabric structures.

	=== External references ===		=== External references ===