Butadiene - Revision history

Editor at 08:52, 6 December 2023

2023-12-06T08:52:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:52, 6 December 2023
Line 3:		Line 3:
	Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.		Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.

−	Butadiene is considered as a volatile organic compound or VOC. Organic compounds are defined in The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulations 2012 as 'any compound containing at least the element carbon and one or more of hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen, or a halogen, with the exception of carbon oxides and inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates', with a volatile organic compound being 'any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250°C measured at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa'	+	Butadiene is considered as a volatile organic compound or VOC. Organic compounds are defined in [https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2012/1715/made The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulations 2012] as 'any compound containing at least the element carbon and one or more of hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen, or a halogen, with the exception of carbon oxides and inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates', with a volatile organic compound being 'any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250°C measured at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa'

	= How is butadiene used and what materials contain it? =		= How is butadiene used and what materials contain it? =

Editor at 08:49, 6 December 2023

2023-12-06T08:49:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:49, 6 December 2023
Line 2:		Line 2:

	Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.		Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.
		+
		+	Butadiene is considered as a volatile organic compound or VOC. Organic compounds are defined in The Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulations 2012 as 'any compound containing at least the element carbon and one or more of hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus, silicon, nitrogen, or a halogen, with the exception of carbon oxides and inorganic carbonates and bicarbonates', with a volatile organic compound being 'any organic compound having an initial boiling point less than or equal to 250°C measured at a standard pressure of 101.3 kPa'

	= How is butadiene used and what materials contain it? =		= How is butadiene used and what materials contain it? =

Editor at 07:18, 6 December 2023

2023-12-06T07:18:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:18, 6 December 2023
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	* Infrastructure under Mayor Sadiq Khan.		* Infrastructure under Mayor Sadiq Khan.
	* Low emission zone for non-road mobile machinery.		* Low emission zone for non-road mobile machinery.
−	* Sustainability in building design and ~~constructionChemical~~ element.	+	* Sustainability in building design and construction
		+	* Chemical element.
	* T-Charge.		* T-Charge.
	* Target emission rate TER		* Target emission rate TER

Editor at 07:17, 6 December 2023

2023-12-06T07:17:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:17, 6 December 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	= What is butadiene? =
		+
	Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.		Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.

−	~~Butadiene was isolated from the pyrolysis of amyl alcohol in 1863 by the French chemist E. Caventou and in 1886 identified as the hydrocarbon~~ butadiene ~~by Henry Edward Armstrong isolated within pyrolysis products of petroleum. It has since been~~ used ~~in the chemical and plastics industries, because butadiene-based polymers have improved functionality, performance~~ and ~~safety, aswell as lower costs.~~	+	= How is butadiene used and what materials contain it? =

−	As such synthetic rubbers that are produced from butadiene for use in shoes, ~~textiiles~~, rubber and construction these include styrene-butadiene rubber, poly-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), Styrene butadiene (SBR), chloroprene rubber and nitrile rubber. It is is also used in the refinement of petroleum, secondary lead smelting, water treatment, agricultural fungicide, and in the production of the raw material for nylon. In 2020 global production was estimated at 14.2 million tons, mainly for the polymer industry.	+	Butadiene was isolated from the pyrolysis of amyl alcohol in 1863 by the French chemist E. Caventou and in 1886 identified as the hydrocarbon butadiene by Henry Edward Armstrong isolated within pyrolysis products of petroleum. It has since been used in the chemical and plastics industries, because butadiene-based polymers have improved functionality, performance and safety, as well as lower costs. As such synthetic rubbers that are produced from butadiene for use in shoes, textiles, rubber and construction these include styrene-butadiene rubber, poly-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), Styrene butadiene (SBR), chloroprene rubber and nitrile rubber. It is is also used in the refinement of petroleum, secondary lead smelting, water treatment, agricultural fungicide, and in the production of the raw material for nylon. In 2020 global production was estimated at 14.2 million tons, mainly for the polymer industry.

−	Exposure can also occur from polluted air and water near chemical, plastic or rubber facilities; cigarette smoke; and ingestion of foods that are contaminated from plastic or rubber containers, but most likely automobile exhaust. Although 1,3-butadiene breaks down quickly in the atmosphere motor vehicle exhausts are a constant low levels source in ambient urban and suburban areas.	+	= How is benzene harmful and how is it controlled? =
−		+
−	~~Levels of emissions from vehicles and pollutants such as~~ benzene and 1,3-butadiene have reduced over recent years as a direct result of air quality control schemes such as: Clean Air Zones in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, and Tyneside (Newcastle and Gateshead). Low Emission Zones (LEZ) such as found in Glasgow aswell as Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ) as introduced to parts of London on 2019.	+

	Health effects caused by exposure to 1,3-butadiene are acute or chronic. Low acute exposure causes irritation to the eyes, throat, nose, and lungs and frostbite may also occur with skin exposure. Higher exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system, blurred vision, vertigo, tiredness, decreased blood pressure, headache, nausea, decreased pulse rate, and fainting. Chronic effects are more controversial, with several studies showing an increases in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, though strong causal relationships have only been shown in animal tests it is classified as a known human carcinogen.		Health effects caused by exposure to 1,3-butadiene are acute or chronic. Low acute exposure causes irritation to the eyes, throat, nose, and lungs and frostbite may also occur with skin exposure. Higher exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system, blurred vision, vertigo, tiredness, decreased blood pressure, headache, nausea, decreased pulse rate, and fainting. Chronic effects are more controversial, with several studies showing an increases in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, though strong causal relationships have only been shown in animal tests it is classified as a known human carcinogen.
		+
		+	Exposure can also occur from polluted air and water near chemical, plastic or rubber facilities; cigarette smoke; and ingestion of foods that are contaminated from plastic or rubber containers, but most likely auto mobile exhaust. Although 1,3-butadiene breaks down quickly in the atmosphere motor vehicle exhausts are a constant low levels source in ambient urban and suburban areas. Levels of emissions from vehicles and pollutants such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene have reduced over recent years as a direct result of air quality control schemes such as: Clean Air Zones in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, and Tyneside (Newcastle and Gateshead). Low Emission Zones (LEZ) such as found in Glasgow as well as Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ) as introduced to parts of London on 2019.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Editor at 13:45, 5 December 2023

2023-12-05T13:45:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:45, 5 December 2023
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3- butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is ~~colorless~~ gas with a ~~odor~~ of petrol~~, and natural component of crude oil~~, which ~~can increase~~ the ~~risk of leukemia aswell~~ as ~~various other blood disorders~~.	+	Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3-butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colourless gas with a odour of petrol, which breaks down quickly in the atmosphere, though is found in urban air as a result of motor vehicle emissions. Natural sources of 1,3-butadiene in the air come from Forest fires.

−	It is used ~~as a solvent~~ in the chemical and ~~pharmaceutical~~ industries, ~~can be found in adhesives, glues, nylon, plastics, paintstrippers, resins, synthetic fibres, in some rubber types, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs~~, and ~~pesticides. It is also found in tobacco smoke~~, ~~petrol fumes, vehicle exhaust fumes and industrial emissions. Relatively minor sources of naturally occuring bezene can be found in volcanic eruptions and~~ as ~~a result of forest fires~~.	+	Butadiene was isolated from the pyrolysis of amyl alcohol in 1863 by the French chemist E. Caventou and in 1886 identified as the hydrocarbon butadiene by Henry Edward Armstrong isolated within pyrolysis products of petroleum. It has since been used in the chemical and plastics industries, because butadiene-based polymers have improved functionality, performance and safety, aswell as lower costs.

−	~~In 2023 it is estimated~~ that ~~62.19 million metric tonnes of benzene will~~ produced ~~globally, with predictions~~ for ~~this to increase~~, in the ~~US it continues to fall~~ in the ~~top 20 chemicals by~~ production ~~volume~~. In ~~the European Economic Area the substance is registered under the REACH Regulation with manufacture and / or import standing~~ at ~~around at 100~~,~~000 tonnes per annum~~.	+	As such synthetic rubbers that are produced from butadiene for use in shoes, textiiles, rubber and construction these include styrene-butadiene rubber, poly-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS), Styrene butadiene (SBR), chloroprene rubber and nitrile rubber. It is is also used in the refinement of petroleum, secondary lead smelting, water treatment, agricultural fungicide, and in the production of the raw material for nylon. In 2020 global production was estimated at 14.2 million tons, mainly for the polymer industry.

−	~~The main source~~ of ~~benzene~~ in the ~~air comes from~~ motor vehicle ~~exaust fumes, especially~~ in urban areas, ~~though these~~ have ~~been~~ reduced over recent years~~. The reduction in benzene emissions are~~ a direct result of air quality control ~~scheme suchn~~ as: Clean Air Zones in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, and Tyneside (Newcastle and Gateshead). Low Emission Zones (LEZ) such as found in Glasgow aswell as Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ) as introduced to parts of London on 2019.	+	Exposure can also occur from polluted air and water near chemical, plastic or rubber facilities; cigarette smoke; and ingestion of foods that are contaminated from plastic or rubber containers, but most likely automobile exhaust. Although 1,3-butadiene breaks down quickly in the atmosphere motor vehicle exhausts are a constant low levels source in ambient urban and suburban areas.
		+
		+	Levels of emissions from vehicles and pollutants such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene have reduced over recent years as a direct result of air quality control schemes such as: Clean Air Zones in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, and Tyneside (Newcastle and Gateshead). Low Emission Zones (LEZ) such as found in Glasgow aswell as Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ) as introduced to parts of London on 2019.
		+
		+	Health effects caused by exposure to 1,3-butadiene are acute or chronic. Low acute exposure causes irritation to the eyes, throat, nose, and lungs and frostbite may also occur with skin exposure. Higher exposure can cause damage to the central nervous system, blurred vision, vertigo, tiredness, decreased blood pressure, headache, nausea, decreased pulse rate, and fainting. Chronic effects are more controversial, with several studies showing an increases in cardiovascular diseases and cancer, though strong causal relationships have only been shown in animal tests it is classified as a known human carcinogen.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Building related chemical reactions.
		+	* BSRIA response to clean air strategy.
		+	* COSHH.
		+	* Deleterious materials in construction.
		+	* Environmental legislation for building design and construction.
		+	* Infrastructure under Mayor Sadiq Khan.
		+	* Low emission zone for non-road mobile machinery.
		+	* Sustainability in building design and constructionChemical element.
		+	* T-Charge.
		+	* Target emission rate TER
		+	* Types of materials
		+	* Types of plastic.
		+	* Types of plastic in construction.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Health_and_safety_/_CDM]] [[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:Sustainability]]

Editor: Created page with "Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3- butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1..."

2023-12-05T13:07:17Z

Created page with "Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3- butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1..."

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Butadiene, buta means 4 carbons as in butane, and the diene means it contains two double-bonded carbons. It is referred to as 1,3- butadiene but also variations such as 1,2 and 1,4 butadiene, depending on the number of carbon atoms connected and thus stability. It is colorless gas with a odor of petrol, and natural component of crude oil, which can increase the risk of leukemia aswell as various other blood disorders.

It is used as a solvent in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, can be found in adhesives, glues, nylon, plastics, paintstrippers, resins, synthetic fibres, in some rubber types, lubricants, dyes, detergents, drugs, and pesticides. It is also found in tobacco smoke, petrol fumes, vehicle exhaust fumes and industrial emissions. Relatively minor sources of naturally occuring bezene can be found in volcanic eruptions and as a result of forest fires.

In 2023 it is estimated that 62.19 million metric tonnes of benzene will produced globally, with predictions for this to increase, in the US it continues to fall in the top 20 chemicals by production volume. In the European Economic Area the substance is registered under the REACH Regulation with manufacture and / or import standing at around at 100,000 tonnes per annum.

The main source of benzene in the air comes from motor vehicle exaust fumes, especially in urban areas, though these have been reduced over recent years. The reduction in benzene emissions are a direct result of air quality control scheme suchn as: Clean Air Zones in Birmingham, Bradford, Bristol, Portsmouth, Sheffield, and Tyneside (Newcastle and Gateshead). Low Emission Zones (LEZ) such as found in Glasgow aswell as Ultra Low Emissions Zones (ULEZ) as introduced to parts of London on 2019.