Buildings that were never realised - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:13, 20 November 2020

2020-11-20T08:13:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:13, 20 November 2020
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	--[[User:Michael_Brooks\|Michael Brooks]]		--[[User:Michael_Brooks\|Michael Brooks]]

−	[[Category:~~International~~]] [[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Collection]] [[Category:DCN_Example]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Editor at 17:11, 27 November 2018

2018-11-27T17:11:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:11, 27 November 2018
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	Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.		Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Buckminster Fuller.		* Buckminster Fuller.
	* Building of the week series.		* Building of the week series.
	* Buildings in film.		* Buildings in film.
		+	* Buildings in music.
	* Concept architectural design.		* Concept architectural design.
	* Demolishing Modernism: Britain's lost post-war gems.		* Demolishing Modernism: Britain's lost post-war gems.
Line 117:		Line 116:
	--[[User:Michael_Brooks\|Michael Brooks]]		--[[User:Michael_Brooks\|Michael Brooks]]

−	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]	+	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]]

Editor at 10:29, 29 June 2018

2018-06-29T10:29:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 29 June 2018
Line 111:		Line 111:
	* Buildings in film.		* Buildings in film.
	* Concept architectural design.		* Concept architectural design.
		+	* Demolishing Modernism: Britain's lost post-war gems.
	* Megastructure.		* Megastructure.
	* Monument and context.		* Monument and context.

Editor at 16:41, 9 February 2018

2018-02-09T16:41:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:41, 9 February 2018
Line 113:		Line 113:
	* Megastructure.		* Megastructure.
	* Monument and context.		* Monument and context.
		+
		+	--[[User:Michael_Brooks\|Michael Brooks]]

	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]		[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Designing Buildings at 18:08, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T18:08:37Z

Designing Buildings at 18:03, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T18:03:18Z

Editor at 16:58, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T16:58:41Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:58, 23 March 2017
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	= The Volkshalle, Germany =		= The Volkshalle, Germany =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg]]

	The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental building that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.		The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental building that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.
Line 15:		Line 15:
	= Palace of the Soviets, USSR =		= Palace of the Soviets, USSR =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings2.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings2.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings2.jpg]]

	The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre to be built near the Kremlin in Moscow.		The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre to be built near the Kremlin in Moscow.
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	= Phare du Monde, France =		= Phare du Monde, France =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings3.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings3.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings3.jpg]]

	Phare du Monde was an observation tower which was proposed to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.		Phare du Monde was an observation tower which was proposed to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.
Line 39:		Line 39:
	= Tatlin’s Tower, St Petersburg =		= Tatlin’s Tower, St Petersburg =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings4.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings4.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings4.jpg]]

	Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, with the intention of it serving as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.		Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, with the intention of it serving as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.
Line 49:		Line 49:
	= The Illinois, Chicago =		= The Illinois, Chicago =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings5.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings5.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings5.jpg]]

	The Illinois was a skyscraper proposed in 1956 by Frank Lloyd Wright. He intended it to be the tallest building in the world, at 1 mile (1,600 m) high.		The Illinois was a skyscraper proposed in 1956 by Frank Lloyd Wright. He intended it to be the tallest building in the world, at 1 mile (1,600 m) high.
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	= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =		= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings6.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings6.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings6.jpg]]

	Buckminster Fuller was the visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, which became adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.		Buckminster Fuller was the visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, which became adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.
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	= Cénotaphe à Newton =		= Cénotaphe à Newton =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg]]

	Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who had become revered during the Enlightenment period.		Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who had become revered during the Enlightenment period.
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	= Hotel Attraction =		= Hotel Attraction =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings8.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings8.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings8.jpg]]

	The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.		The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.
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	= Ville Contemporaine =		= Ville Contemporaine =

−	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg]]	+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg]]

	Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts made by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new planned city.		Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts made by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new planned city.
Line 107:		Line 107:
	* Buckminster Fuller.		* Buckminster Fuller.
	* Building of the week series.		* Building of the week series.
		+	* Buildings in film.
	* Concept architectural design.		* Concept architectural design.
	* Megastructure.		* Megastructure.

Editor at 16:43, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T16:43:12Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 23 March 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
	= The Volkshalle, Germany =		= The Volkshalle, Germany =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg]]

	The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental building that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.		The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental building that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.
Line 12:		Line 14:

	= Palace of the Soviets, USSR =		= Palace of the Soviets, USSR =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings2.jpg]]

	The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre to be built near the Kremlin in Moscow.		The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre to be built near the Kremlin in Moscow.
Line 24:		Line 28:

	= Phare du Monde, France =		= Phare du Monde, France =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings3.jpg]]

	Phare du Monde was an observation tower which was proposed to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.		Phare du Monde was an observation tower which was proposed to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.
Line 32:		Line 38:

	= Tatlin’s Tower, St Petersburg =		= Tatlin’s Tower, St Petersburg =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings4.jpg]]

	Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, with the intention of it serving as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.		Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, with the intention of it serving as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.
Line 40:		Line 48:

	= The Illinois, Chicago =		= The Illinois, Chicago =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings5.jpg]]

	The Illinois was a skyscraper proposed in 1956 by Frank Lloyd Wright. He intended it to be the tallest building in the world, at 1 mile (1,600 m) high.		The Illinois was a skyscraper proposed in 1956 by Frank Lloyd Wright. He intended it to be the tallest building in the world, at 1 mile (1,600 m) high.
Line 48:		Line 58:

	= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =		= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings6.jpg]]

	Buckminster Fuller was the visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, which became adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.		Buckminster Fuller was the visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, which became adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.
Line 58:		Line 70:

	= Cénotaphe à Newton =		= Cénotaphe à Newton =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg]]

	Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who had become revered during the Enlightenment period.		Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who had become revered during the Enlightenment period.
Line 66:		Line 80:

	= Hotel Attraction =		= Hotel Attraction =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings8.jpg]]

	The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.		The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.
Line 76:		Line 92:

	= Ville Contemporaine =		= Ville Contemporaine =
		+
		+	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg]]

	Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts made by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new planned city.		Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts made by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new planned city.

−	At the centre of his plan was a group of 60-storey cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and wrapped in glazed curtain walls. These were set within large, rectangular green spaces and would contain offices and apartments for the most wealthy inhabitants. Moving out from the ~~skyscrpaers~~, smaller multi-storey zig-zag blocks were to be set in green space to house the 'proletarian' workers.	+	At the centre of his plan was a group of 60-storey cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and wrapped in glazed curtain walls. These were set within large, rectangular green spaces and would contain offices and apartments for the most wealthy inhabitants. Moving out from the skyscrapers, smaller multi-storey zig-zag blocks were to be set in green space to house the 'proletarian' workers.

	In terms of circulation, Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.		In terms of circulation, Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.

		+	= Find out more =
		+
		+	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* Buckminster Fuller.
		+	* Building of the week series.
		+	* Concept architectural design.
		+	* Megastructure.
		+	* Monument and context.

−	[[Category:~~Articles_needing_more_work~~]] [[Category:~~Industry_context]] [[Category:International~~]]	+	[[Category:International]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

Editor at 16:08, 23 March 2017

2017-03-23T16:08:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:08, 23 March 2017
Line 57:		Line 57:
	Of course, his grand plan was never taken seriously, although the biomes at Cornwall's Eden Project were intended as a homage to Fuller's vision.		Of course, his grand plan was never taken seriously, although the biomes at Cornwall's Eden Project were intended as a homage to Fuller's vision.

		+	= Cénotaphe à Newton =

		+	Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who had become revered during the Enlightenment period.

−	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Projects_and_case_studies~~]]	+	The cenotaph was to have been a 150 m (500 ft) diameter sphere embedded within a three-tiered cylindrical base, providing it with the impression of being a buried volume. The figure of the sphere was completed with a flanking pair of curved ramps, while closely-spaced cypress trees were to circumscribe each level. Rising as it reaches the centre, a final flight of stairs would bring visitors into a cavernous void – the ‘centre of gravity’ – in which would be Newton’s sarcophagus.
		+
		+	Boullée’s use of light in the building’s design was intended to change the appearance of the interior. At night, an oversized luminaire suspended at the sphere’s centre would radiate light through the long entry tunnels, whilst during the day, a black starlit night would blanket the interior.
		+
		+	= Hotel Attraction =
		+
		+	The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.
		+
		+	With a planned total height of 360 m (1,181 ft), Gaudi intended the building to be the tallest in the city, which was ambitious since at the time there was no building in the world taller than 300 m.
		+
		+	Gaudi's designs do not look too dissimilar from his master-project, the Sagrada Familia, not least because of its grand scale but also due to the arrangement of a large, central parabolic tower that would be taller than the domed towers adjoined to it. He planned a 'Homage to America' room to be included which would measure 125 m in height and contain a 10 m-high replica of the Statue of Liberty.
		+
		+	Why the project did not materialise remains unknown, although common assumptions are that it was too complex a vision, both in terms of necessary budget and time that it would have taken to complete. However, a resurgence of interest in the unrealised project came about during the deliberation over the rebuilding of the Ground Zero site.
		+
		+	= Ville Contemporaine =
		+
		+	Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts made by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new planned city.
		+
		+	At the centre of his plan was a group of 60-storey cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and wrapped in glazed curtain walls. These were set within large, rectangular green spaces and would contain offices and apartments for the most wealthy inhabitants. Moving out from the skyscrpaers, smaller multi-storey zig-zag blocks were to be set in green space to house the 'proletarian' workers.
		+
		+	In terms of circulation, Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.
		+
		+
		+
		+	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:Industry_context]] [[Category:International]]

Editor at 17:21, 21 March 2017

2017-03-21T17:21:18Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:21, 21 March 2017
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	Despite being over four times taller than any structure built at the time, Wright believed that his design for such a tall self-supporting steel structure was technically feasible. To counteract the discomforting sensation of the tower swaying in the wind, Wright proposed a tripod design combined with the tensioned steel frame.		Despite being over four times taller than any structure built at the time, Wright believed that his design for such a tall self-supporting steel structure was technically feasible. To counteract the discomforting sensation of the tower swaying in the wind, Wright proposed a tripod design combined with the tensioned steel frame.
		+
		+	= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =
		+
		+	Buckminster Fuller was the visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, which became adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.
		+
		+	But Fuller took his dome plans to another level when, in 1960, he proposed a 3 km-wide, 1.6 km-high geodesic dome that would span Midtown Manhattan. He intended for it to cover the island from the East River to the Hudson RIver, from 21st Street to 64th Street.
		+
		+	His plan was that the dome would regulate weather and reduce air pollution. The entire dome would be maintained at a moderate temperature level, meaning that buildings would not be individually heated and cooled, allowing costs to be reduced. He claimed that the dome would prevent snow and rainfall, and control the effects of sunlight. The cost of snow removal in New York City, Fuller said, would pay for the dome in just a decade.
		+
		+	Of course, his grand plan was never taken seriously, although the biomes at Cornwall's Eden Project were intended as a homage to Fuller's vision.
		+
		+

	[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]		[[Category:Articles_needing_more_work]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 23 March 2017
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	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg]]		[[File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings7.jpg]]

−	Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who ~~had become~~ revered during the Enlightenment period.	+	Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728-1799) was a French neoclassical architect whose unique style was exemplified in his outlandish proposal in 1784 for a cenotaph for Isaac Newton, who was revered during the Enlightenment period.

−	The cenotaph was to have been a 150 m (500 ft) diameter sphere embedded within a three-tiered cylindrical base, ~~providing it with~~ the impression ~~of being a~~ buried ~~volume~~. The figure of the sphere was completed with a flanking pair of curved ramps, while closely-spaced cypress trees were to circumscribe each level. Rising as it reaches the centre, a final flight of stairs would bring visitors into a cavernous void – the ‘centre of gravity’ – ~~in which would be~~ Newton’s sarcophagus.	+	The cenotaph was to have been a 150 m (500 ft) diameter sphere embedded within a three-tiered cylindrical base, giving the impression that it was buried. The figure of the sphere was completed with a flanking pair of curved ramps, while closely-spaced cypress trees were to circumscribe each level.
		+
		+	Rising as it reaches the centre, a final flight of stairs would bring visitors into a cavernous void – the ‘centre of gravity’ – containing Newton’s sarcophagus.

	Boullée’s use of light in the building’s design was intended to change the appearance of the interior. At night, an oversized luminaire suspended at the sphere’s centre would radiate light through the long entry tunnels, whilst during the day, a black starlit night would blanket the interior.		Boullée’s use of light in the building’s design was intended to change the appearance of the interior. At night, an oversized luminaire suspended at the sphere’s centre would radiate light through the long entry tunnels, whilst during the day, a black starlit night would blanket the interior.
Line 85:		Line 87:
	The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.		The famous Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi designed Hotel Attraction for New York City in 1908.

−	With a planned ~~total~~ height of 360 m (1,181 ft), Gaudi intended the building to be the tallest in the city, which was ambitious since at the time there was no building in the world taller than 300 m.	+	With a planned height of 360 m (1,181 ft), Gaudi intended the building to be the tallest in the city, which was ambitious since at the time there was no building in the world taller than 300 m.

−	Gaudi's designs do not look too dissimilar ~~from~~ his master-project, the Sagrada Familia, not least because of ~~its~~ grand scale ~~but also due to~~ the arrangement of a large, central parabolic tower that would be taller than the domed towers adjoined to it. He planned a 'Homage to America' room ~~to be included~~ which would measure 125 m in height and contain a 10 m-high replica of the Statue of Liberty.	+	Gaudi's designs do not look too dissimilar to his master-project, the Sagrada Familia, not least because of the grand scale and the arrangement of a large, central parabolic tower that would be taller than the domed towers adjoined to it. He planned a 'Homage to America' room which would measure 125 m in height and contain a 10 m-high replica of the Statue of Liberty.

−	Why the project did not materialise remains unknown, although common assumptions are that it was too complex a vision, both in terms of necessary budget and time that it would have taken to complete. However, a resurgence of interest in the unrealised project came about during the deliberation over the rebuilding of the Ground Zero site.	+	A resurgence of interest in the unrealised project came about during the deliberation over the rebuilding of the Ground Zero site.

	= Ville Contemporaine =		= Ville Contemporaine =
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	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg]]		[[File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings9.jpg]]

−	Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts ~~made~~ by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new ~~planned~~ city.	+	Ville Contemporaine was a mass housing project planned by the architect Le Corbusier. He believed that his design was an efficient solution to the unsuccessful attempts by French officials to deal with the urban housing crisis. His project was intended to house 3 million people in an entirely new city.

−	At the centre of his plan was a group of 60-storey cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and wrapped in glazed curtain walls. These were set within large, rectangular green spaces and would contain offices and apartments for the most wealthy inhabitants. Moving out from the skyscrapers, smaller multi-storey zig-zag blocks were to be set in green ~~space~~ to house the 'proletarian' workers.	+	At the centre of his plan was a group of 60-storey cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and wrapped in glazed curtain walls. These were set within large, rectangular green spaces and would contain offices and apartments for the most wealthy inhabitants. Moving out from the skyscrapers, smaller multi-storey zig-zag blocks were to be set in green spaces to house the 'proletarian' workers.

−	~~In terms of circulation,~~ Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.	+	Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian paths from the roadways, making it a city for the automobile, as well as incorporating a transportation hub with bus and train depots and an airport.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 23 March 2017
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	[[File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg]]		[[File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg\|link=File:Unrealisedbuildings1.jpg]]

−	The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental ~~building~~ that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.	+	The Volkshalle (‘Hall of the People’) was a monumental design that was to have served as the architectural centrepiece for Adolf Hitler’s capital of Germania. Designed by the architect Albert Speer, it would have comprised an enormous dome inspired by Rome’s Pantheon.

−	The projected measurements of the Volkshalle demonstrate the scale of the ambition. A massive stone podium 315 x 315 m (1,033 x 1,033 ft) and 75 m (250 ft) high would have served as the base on which the dome sat. The granite dome was to measure ~~a total height of~~ 290 m (950 ft), with a diameter of more than 250 m (820 ft), and an oculus at the top measuring 46 m (150 ft) in diameter.	+	The projected measurements of the Volkshalle demonstrate the scale of the ambition. A massive stone podium 315 x 315 m (1,033 x 1,033 ft) and 75 m (250 ft) high would have served as the base on which the dome sat. The granite dome was to measure 290 m (950 ft) high, with a diameter of more than 250 m (820 ft), and an oculus at the top measuring 46 m (150 ft) in diameter.

−	Inside, the structure would have contained a massive apse, beneath which Hitler ~~would~~ have addressed ~~over~~ 180,000 people sat in three tiers of seats around a giant circular arena.	+	Inside, the structure would have contained a massive apse, beneath which Hitler could have addressed more than 180,000 people sat in three tiers of seats around a giant circular arena.

−	Not only would the structure have dominated the skyline of Berlin, ~~but~~ it would have far surpassed the likes of St. Peter’s Basilica or St. Paul’s Cathedral. Indeed, many structural experts have claimed that such a large dome would have been impossible to construct.	+	Not only would the structure have dominated the skyline of Berlin, it would have far surpassed the likes of St. Peter’s Basilica or St. Paul’s Cathedral. Indeed, many structural experts have claimed that such a large dome would have been impossible to construct.

	Experts have also speculated that the size of the dome would have made acoustics very difficult to control, while Speer himself believed that in cold weather the hall could actually experience indoor rain as a result of the breathing and perspiration of so many people.		Experts have also speculated that the size of the dome would have made acoustics very difficult to control, while Speer himself believed that in cold weather the hall could actually experience indoor rain as a result of the breathing and perspiration of so many people.
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−	The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre ~~to be built~~ near the Kremlin in Moscow.	+	The Palace of the Soviets was to have been a gigantic congress hall and administrative centre near the Kremlin in Moscow.

−	The palace was to have been 415 m (1,362 ft) tall, ~~and to be~~ crowned by a huge bronze statue of Vladimir Lenin which, by itself, would have measured 80 m (260 ft) and weighed more than 6,000 tons. There are even reports that the inside of the statue’s head would have been accessible as a library.	+	The palace was to have been 415 m (1,362 ft) tall, crowned by a huge bronze statue of Vladimir Lenin which, by itself, would have measured 80 m (260 ft) and weighed more than 6,000 tons. There are even reports that the inside of the statue’s head would have been accessible as a library.

	The total building area would have been more than 11 hectares, with a Main Hall capable of holding more than 21,000 seats.		The total building area would have been more than 11 hectares, with a Main Hall capable of holding more than 21,000 seats.

−	In 1931, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a potent symbol of ‘old Russia’, was demolished with the intention of building the Palace in its place. In 1937, construction began with the laying of the foundations and the beginning of the steel frame. However, this was as far as work progressed, as a lack of ~~material~~ and manpower caused delays, with the steel frame gradually disassembled for use in fortifications and bridges.	+	In 1931, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a potent symbol of ‘old Russia’, was demolished with the intention of building the Palace in its place. In 1937, construction began with the laying of the foundations and the beginning of the steel frame. However, this was as far as work progressed, as a lack of materials and manpower caused delays, with the steel frame gradually disassembled for use in fortifications and bridges.

−	The project was abandoned after the Second World War, with the foundations converted into the Moskva Pool, which was the largest open-air swimming pool in the world. In 1995, shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union, the pool was demolished and a full-scale replica of Cathedral of Christ the Savior restored instead.	+	The project was abandoned after the Second World War, with the foundations converted into the Moskva Pool, which was the largest open-air swimming pool in the world. In 1995, shortly after the fall of the Soviet Union, the pool was demolished and a full-scale replica of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior restored instead.

	= Phare du Monde, France =		= Phare du Monde, France =
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−	Phare du Monde was an observation tower ~~which was proposed~~ to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.	+	Phare du Monde was an observation tower to be built on the outskirts of Paris, originally intended for the 1937 World’s Fair. Designed by the engineer Eugene Freyssinet, the concept was promoted as a ‘Pleasure Tower Half Mile High’, as it would have measured 701 m (2,300 ft) tall.

−	The entirely-concrete tower would have been the only tower in the world fully accessible to cars, with a 3.5 mile-long road ~~spiraling~~ around the tower’s exterior up to a parking garage at the top.	+	The entirely-concrete tower would have been the only tower in the world fully accessible to cars, with a 3.5 mile-long road spiralling around the tower’s exterior up to a parking garage at the top.

	Despite much hype and modest cost estimates ($2.5 million), the tower was never realised.		Despite much hype and modest cost estimates ($2.5 million), the tower was never realised.
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−	Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, ~~with the intention of it serving~~ as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.	+	Tatlin’s Tower was a giant tower designed in 1919 by Vladimir Tatlin, to serve as the headquarters and monument to the Third Communist International.

−	As a powerful symbol of constructivism and modernity, the tower would have been built using iron, glass and steel, and take the form of a double helix. It would have ~~spiraled~~ up to a height of 400 m (1,300 ft), far surpassing the Eiffel Tower.	+	As a powerful symbol of constructivism and modernity, the tower would have been built using iron, glass and steel, and take the form of a double helix. It would have spiralled up to a height of 400 m (1,300 ft), far surpassing the Eiffel Tower.

−	Four major geometric structures were to be contained in the tower’s main framework, each of which would rotate at different speeds. The first, a cube, would have been located at the base and used as a conference and meeting venue, completely rotating over the course of a full year. A small pyramid would have been above the cube, completing one full turn every month. A cylinder above that would have rotated once every day. The tower in its entirety would have fully rotated ~~once~~ every year.	+	Four major geometric structures were to be contained in the tower’s main framework, each of which would rotate at different speeds. The first, a cube, would have been located at the base and used as a conference and meeting venue, completely rotating over the course of a full year. A small pyramid would have been above the cube, completing one full turn every month. A cylinder above that would have rotated once every day. The tower in its entirety would have fully rotated every year.

	= The Illinois, Chicago =		= The Illinois, Chicago =
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	Wright intended for the 528-storey building, with a gross area of 1,715,000 sq. m, to include parking facilities for 20,000 cars and 180 helicopters.		Wright intended for the 528-storey building, with a gross area of 1,715,000 sq. m, to include parking facilities for 20,000 cars and 180 helicopters.

−	Despite being ~~over~~ four times taller than any structure built at the time, Wright believed that his design ~~for such a tall self-supporting steel structure~~ was technically feasible. To counteract the discomforting sensation of the tower swaying in the wind, Wright proposed a tripod design combined with the tensioned steel frame.	+	Despite being more than four times taller than any structure built at the time, Wright believed that his design was technically feasible. To counteract the discomforting sensation of the tower swaying in the wind, Wright proposed a tripod design combined with the tensioned steel frame.

	= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =		= Buckminster Fuller’s New York dome =
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−	Buckminster Fuller was ~~the~~ visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, ~~which became~~ adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.	+	Buckminster Fuller was a visionary engineer and inventor of the geodesic dome, adopted for a wide range of structural uses during the 1950s.

	But Fuller took his dome plans to another level when, in 1960, he proposed a 3 km-wide, 1.6 km-high geodesic dome that would span Midtown Manhattan. He intended for it to cover the island from the East River to the Hudson RIver, from 21st Street to 64th Street.		But Fuller took his dome plans to another level when, in 1960, he proposed a 3 km-wide, 1.6 km-high geodesic dome that would span Midtown Manhattan. He intended for it to cover the island from the East River to the Hudson RIver, from 21st Street to 64th Street.

−	~~His plan~~ was ~~that the dome would~~ regulate weather and reduce air pollution. ~~The entire dome~~ would be maintained at a moderate temperature ~~level~~, meaning that buildings would not be individually heated and cooled, allowing costs to be reduced. He claimed that the dome would prevent snow and rainfall, and control the effects of sunlight. The cost of snow removal in New York City, Fuller said, would pay for the dome in just a decade.	+	The dome was intended to regulate weather and reduce air pollution. It would be maintained at a moderate temperature, meaning that buildings would not be individually heated and cooled, allowing costs to be reduced. He claimed that the dome would prevent snow and rainfall, and control the effects of sunlight. The cost of snow removal in New York City, Fuller said, would pay for the dome in just a decade.

	Of course, his grand plan was never taken seriously, although the biomes at Cornwall's Eden Project were intended as a homage to Fuller's vision.		Of course, his grand plan was never taken seriously, although the biomes at Cornwall's Eden Project were intended as a homage to Fuller's vision.