Buildings made from Coal - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:01, 23 August 2022

2022-08-23T06:01:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:01, 23 August 2022
Line 5:		Line 5:
	\|}		\|}

−	= The right thing for the wrong reasons ? =	+	= The right thing for the wrong reasons? =

−	Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.	+	Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.

−	A very loose calculation for the make up of timber is around 50% carbon, 44% oxygen and 6% hydrogen, so 50 tonnes of sawn softwood timber will contain around 25 tonnes of sequestered carbon. When timber is used in the construction of a building that carbon becomes 'locked in' (rather than being burnt and released) for the lifespan of the building (though one must also consider the end of life scenario).	+	A very loose calculation for the make up of timber is around 50% carbon, 44% oxygen and 6% hydrogen; so 50 tonnes of sawn softwood timber will contain around 25 tonnes of sequestered carbon. When timber is used in the construction of a building that carbon becomes 'locked in' (rather than being burnt and released) for the lifespan of the building (though one must also consider the end of life scenario).

−	When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon ~~atoms~~ stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal~~, if~~ this was burnt this would be released, if ~~retaining~~ in the earth it would remain locked in.	+	When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal. If this was burnt this would be released, if retained in the earth it would remain locked in.

−	Biogenic materials, such as wood operate within the bioenergy system, so the burning of biomass returns to the atmosphere the carbon that was absorbed as ~~the~~ plants grew and can be replenished by new plants. The IPCC refer to this as the fast domain of the carbon cycle, which includes sequestration of vegetation, soil, the atmosphere and oceans, as the cycle turnover is around 1– 100 and 10– 500 years.	+	Biogenic materials, such as wood operate within the bioenergy system, so the burning of biomass returns to the atmosphere the carbon that was absorbed as plants grew and can be replenished by new plants. The IPCC refer to this as the fast domain of the carbon cycle, which includes sequestration of vegetation, soil, the atmosphere and oceans, as the cycle turnover is around 1– 100 and 10– 500 years.

−	The slow domain of the carbon cycle, has a turnover beyond 10,000 years and includes carbon sequestered in non-biogenic materials such as coal and other fossil fuels~~.(source: National Council for Air and Stream Improvement)~~. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, transfers carbon from the slow domain to the fast domain, where replenishment of carbon released through natural processes cannot occur due to the time required for these processes to take place.	+	The slow domain of the carbon cycle, has a turnover beyond 10,000 years and includes carbon sequestered in non-biogenic materials such as coal and other fossil fuels. The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, transfers carbon from the slow domain to the fast domain, where replenishment of carbon released through natural processes cannot occur due to the time required for these processes to take place.

−	Although leaving coal in the ground is the most logical solution to ~~the current issues surrounding the~~ emissions related to fossil fuels ~~as well as those associated with its extraction~~, a number rare buildings made from coal from the height of the coal mining era do exist. In many cases these were built to promote the use of coal as a fuel, ~~which is now more accepted as a fuel to be phased out,~~ it is interesting to consider ~~these, as individual buildings~~ their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon ~~content of the material for a longer period than if it was burnt~~. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal using waste products from the coal mining industry.	+	Although leaving coal in the ground is the most logical solution to emissions related to fossil fuels, a number of rare buildings made from coal from the height of the coal mining era do exist. In many cases these were built to promote the use of coal as a fuel, but it is interesting to consider their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal using waste products from the coal mining industry.

	= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =		= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =
Line 27:		Line 27:
	\|}		\|}

−	The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway,mainly as a publicity stunt and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.	+	The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near the state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway, mainly as a publicity stunt and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.

−	The construction of the building was supported by local businesses and the community, the coal was donated by mining companies near Williamson, including Leckie Collieries, the Crystal Block Coal Company, Puritan Coal, the Sycamore Coal Company, and the Winifrede Block Coal Company, from the Winifrede Seam. It is made from hand-sawn blocks of bituminous coal joined with black mortar form the rectangular structure’s four walls and two pillars and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.	+	The construction of the building was supported by local businesses and the community, the coal was donated by mining companies near Williamson, including Leckie Collieries, the Crystal Block Coal Company, Puritan Coal, the Sycamore Coal Company, and the Winifrede Block Coal Company, from the Winifrede Seam. It is made from hand-sawn blocks of bituminous coal joined with black mortar to form the rectangular structure’s four walls and two pillars and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

	The Coal House is owned by the Williamson Convention and Visitors Bureau and houses the Tug Valley Chamber of Commerce. The interior of the Coal House was severely damaged by fire on October 11, 2010. With guidance from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History, the Mingo County Commission worked to repair the structure, and the Coal House reopened to visitors on September 26, 2011.		The Coal House is owned by the Williamson Convention and Visitors Bureau and houses the Tug Valley Chamber of Commerce. The interior of the Coal House was severely damaged by fire on October 11, 2010. With guidance from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History, the Mingo County Commission worked to repair the structure, and the Coal House reopened to visitors on September 26, 2011.
Line 43:		Line 43:
	\|}		\|}

−	Not so much is known about the background to ~~the~~ house but ~~this residence~~ was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60. See external links.	+	Not so much is known about the background to this house but it was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60. See external links.

	= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =		= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =
Line 53:		Line 53:
	\|}		\|}

−	A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal ~~it is~~ located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.	+	A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.

	= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =		= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =
Line 63:		Line 63:
	\|}		\|}

−	A building, built ~~entirely of~~ 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.	+	A building built using 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal. It was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.

	= X-MAT modern day coal house =		= X-MAT modern day coal house =
Line 73:		Line 73:
	\|}		\|}

−	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider sem-plastics~~, over the past year, it~~ has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.	+	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider sem-plastics. It has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.

	After receiving a number of contracts and grants from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the company can now rely on an additional $2.2 million from the DOE to continue the research and development of its high-strength, lightweight building materials made using domestic coal waste. For more information see external links.		After receiving a number of contracts and grants from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the company can now rely on an additional $2.2 million from the DOE to continue the research and development of its high-strength, lightweight building materials made using domestic coal waste. For more information see external links.
Line 83:		Line 83:
	= External Links =		= External Links =

−	[https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278 https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278]	+	* [https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278 https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278]
−		+	* [https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d]
−	[https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d]	+	* [http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]
−		+	* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg]
−	[http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]	+	* [https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/ https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/]
−		+	* [https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/ https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/]
−	[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg]	+
−		+
−	[https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/ https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/]	+
−		+
−	[https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/ https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/]	+

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
Line 104:		Line 99:
	* Coal ash.		* Coal ash.
	* Coal tar.		* Coal tar.
−	* Embodied energy ~~in construction~~	+	* Embodied energy.
	* Environmental impact of biomaterials and biomass.		* Environmental impact of biomaterials and biomass.
	* Lignite.		* Lignite.
Line 112:		Line 107:
	* Types of fuel.		* Types of fuel.
	* Oil - a global perspective		* Oil - a global perspective
−	* Sustainable Timber in Construction
−	* Timber
−	* Whole life carbon assessment of timber

	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 09:03, 21 August 2022

2022-08-21T09:03:53Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:03, 21 August 2022
Line 13:		Line 13:
	When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.		When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.

−	Biogenic materials, such as wood operate within the bioenergy system, so the burning of biomass returns to the atmosphere the carbon that was absorbed as the plants grew and can be replenished by new plants. The IPCC refer to this as fast domain of the carbon cycle, which includes vegetation, soil, the atmosphere and oceans, as the cycle turnover is around 1– 100 and 10– 500 years.	+	Biogenic materials, such as wood operate within the bioenergy system, so the burning of biomass returns to the atmosphere the carbon that was absorbed as the plants grew and can be replenished by new plants. The IPCC refer to this as the fast domain of the carbon cycle, which includes sequestration of vegetation, soil, the atmosphere and oceans, as the cycle turnover is around 1– 100 and 10– 500 years.

−	~~where as~~ the burning of coal ~~cannot because of~~ the ~~rate~~ of ~~sequestration~~.	+	The slow domain of the carbon cycle, has a turnover beyond 10,000 years and includes carbon sequestered in non-biogenic materials such as coal and other fossil fuels.(source: National Council for Air and Stream Improvement). The burning of fossil fuels such as coal, transfers carbon from the slow domain to the fast domain, where replenishment of carbon released through natural processes cannot occur due to the time required for these processes to take place.

−	~~The IPCC distinguishes between~~ the ~~slow domain of~~ the ~~carbon cycle, which has a turnover beyond 10,000 years, and~~ the ~~fast domain (~~the ~~atmosphere, ocean, vegetation and soil), which have turnover times of 1– 100 and 10– 500 years, respectively. Fossil fuel transfers carbon from the slow domain~~ to ~~the fast domain~~, ~~while bioenergy systems operate within the fast domain. (source: National Council for Air and Stream Improvement)~~	+	Although leaving coal in the ground is the most logical solution to the current issues surrounding the emissions related to fossil fuels as well as those associated with its extraction, a number rare buildings made from coal from the height of the coal mining era do exist. In many cases these were built to promote the use of coal as a fuel, which is now more accepted as a fuel to be phased out, it is interesting to consider these, as individual buildings their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content of the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal using waste products from the coal mining industry.
−		+
−	~~Although very~~ rare buildings made from coal do exist ~~and although in~~ many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, ~~individually~~ their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal..	+

	= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =		= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =

Editor at 08:50, 21 August 2022

2022-08-21T08:50:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 21 August 2022
Line 9:		Line 9:
	Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.		Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.

−	A very loose calculation for the make up of timber is around 50% carbon, 44% oxygen and 6% hydrogen, so 50 tonnes of sawn softwood timber will contain around 25 tonnes of sequestered carbon. When timber is used in the construction of a building that carbon becomes 'locked in' ( rather than being burnt and released) for the lifespan of the building (though one must also consider the end of life scenario).	+	A very loose calculation for the make up of timber is around 50% carbon, 44% oxygen and 6% hydrogen, so 50 tonnes of sawn softwood timber will contain around 25 tonnes of sequestered carbon. When timber is used in the construction of a building that carbon becomes 'locked in' (rather than being burnt and released) for the lifespan of the building (though one must also consider the end of life scenario).

	When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.		When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.
		+
		+	Biogenic materials, such as wood operate within the bioenergy system, so the burning of biomass returns to the atmosphere the carbon that was absorbed as the plants grew and can be replenished by new plants. The IPCC refer to this as fast domain of the carbon cycle, which includes vegetation, soil, the atmosphere and oceans, as the cycle turnover is around 1– 100 and 10– 500 years.
		+
		+	where as the burning of coal cannot because of the rate of sequestration.
		+
		+	The IPCC distinguishes between the slow domain of the carbon cycle, which has a turnover beyond 10,000 years, and the fast domain (the atmosphere, ocean, vegetation and soil), which have turnover times of 1– 100 and 10– 500 years, respectively. Fossil fuel transfers carbon from the slow domain to the fast domain, while bioenergy systems operate within the fast domain. (source: National Council for Air and Stream Improvement)

	Although very rare buildings made from coal do exist and although in many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, individually their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal..		Although very rare buildings made from coal do exist and although in many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, individually their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal..

Editor at 22:37, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T22:37:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:37, 20 August 2022
Line 74:		Line 74:

	The leading coal-producing state in the US, Wyoming, is now be the home of a 5,500-square-foot coal commercialization facility where companies and researchers can work on producing asphalt, graphene, graphite, agricultural char, carbon fibre, and more – using coal and coal by-products. For more information see external links.		The leading coal-producing state in the US, Wyoming, is now be the home of a 5,500-square-foot coal commercialization facility where companies and researchers can work on producing asphalt, graphene, graphite, agricultural char, carbon fibre, and more – using coal and coal by-products. For more information see external links.
		+
		+	--[[User:Editor\|editor]]

	= External Links =		= External Links =

Editor at 22:36, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T22:36:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:36, 20 August 2022
Line 44:		Line 44:

	{\|		{\|
−	\| [[File:Middlesboro, ~~Kentucky Coal House~~, US.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:Middlesboro%2C_Kentucky_Coal_House%2C_US.jpg\|link=File:Middlesboro,_Kentucky_Coal_House,_US.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| [http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]		\| [http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]
Line 54:		Line 54:

	{\|		{\|
−	\| [[File:~~White Sulphur springs coal house~~.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:White_Sulphur_springs_coal_house.jpg\|link=File:White_Sulphur_springs_coal_house.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Harry W. McCormack (TEABERRYEAGLE) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en Attribution 3.0 Unported] license.		\| Harry W. McCormack (TEABERRYEAGLE) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en Attribution 3.0 Unported] license.
Line 64:		Line 64:

	{\|		{\|
−	~~\|width="100%"~~\| [[File:~~X mat coal~~-waste.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:X_mat_coal-waste.jpg\|link=File:X_mat_coal-waste.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Ceramic X-BRIX and X-MATRIX concrete blocks, both made with more than 50% coal. (Image courtesy of X-MAT, [https://www.facebook.com/semplastics/photos/3120197981559930 Faceboook]). www.mining.com		\| Ceramic X-BRIX and X-MATRIX concrete blocks, both made with more than 50% coal. (Image courtesy of X-MAT, [https://www.facebook.com/semplastics/photos/3120197981559930 Faceboook]). www.mining.com
Line 88:		Line 88:

	[https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/ https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/]		[https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/ https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/]
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Biomass.
		+	* Biomaterials.
		+	* Biogenic materials.
		+	* Brown coal.
		+	* Can carbon sequestration in urban landscapes form part of a net-zero carbon approach to development?
		+	* Coal ash.
		+	* Coal tar.
		+	* Embodied energy in construction
		+	* Environmental impact of biomaterials and biomass.
		+	* Lignite.
		+	* Petroleum coke.
		+	* Steam coal.
		+	* The Coal Research Establishment.
		+	* Types of fuel.
		+	* Oil - a global perspective
		+	* Sustainable Timber in Construction
		+	* Timber
		+	* Whole life carbon assessment of timber
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Commentary]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Project_Knowledge]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Projects_and_case_studies]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 22:31, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T22:31:17Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:31, 20 August 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{\|		{\|
−	~~\|width="100%"~~\| [[File:Innovation-center-launched-in-Wyomings-Carbon-Valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:Innovation-center-launched-in-Wyomings-Carbon-Valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal.jpg\|link=File:Innovation-center-launched-in-Wyomings-Carbon-Valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Surface coal mine in Gillette, Campbell County, Wyoming. (Reference image by Greg Goebel, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surface_coal_mine_detail,_Gillette,_Wyoming.jpg Wikimedia Commons]).		\| Surface coal mine in Gillette, Campbell County, Wyoming. (Reference image by Greg Goebel, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surface_coal_mine_detail,_Gillette,_Wyoming.jpg Wikimedia Commons]).
Line 18:		Line 18:

	{\|		{\|
−	\| [[File:~~Williamson coal house~~.png]]	+	\| [[File:Williamson_coal_house.png\|link=File:Williamson_coal_house.png]]
	\|-		\|-
	\| Adams, Nancy Ray "Williamson Coal House." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 28 June 2022. Web. 19 August 2022.		\| Adams, Nancy Ray "Williamson Coal House." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 28 June 2022. Web. 19 August 2022.
Line 34:		Line 34:

	{\|		{\|
−	~~\|width="100%"~~\| [[File:~~50 tonnes coal house~~.jpg]]	+	\| [[File:50_tonnes_coal_house.jpg\|link=File:50_tonnes_coal_house.jpg]]
	\|-		\|-
−	\| https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/6d570r76d Terms of Use: No known copyright restrictions or on use.	+	\| [https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/6d570r76d https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/6d570r76d] Terms of Use: No known copyright restrictions or on use.
	\|}		\|}

Line 43:		Line 43:
	= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =		= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =

−	[[File:Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US.jpg]]	+	{\|
		+	\| [[File:Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| [http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]
		+	\|}

	A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal it is located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.		A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal it is located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.
Line 49:		Line 53:
	= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =		= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =

−	[[File:White Sulphur springs coal house.jpg]]	+	{\|
		+	\| [[File:White Sulphur springs coal house.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| Harry W. McCormack (TEABERRYEAGLE) [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en Attribution 3.0 Unported] license.
		+	\|}

	A building, built entirely of 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.		A building, built entirely of 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.
Line 55:		Line 63:
	= X-MAT modern day coal house =		= X-MAT modern day coal house =

−	[[File:X mat coal-waste.jpg]]	+	{\|
		+	\|width="100%"\| [[File:X mat coal-waste.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| Ceramic X-BRIX and X-MATRIX concrete blocks, both made with more than 50% coal. (Image courtesy of X-MAT, [https://www.facebook.com/semplastics/photos/3120197981559930 Faceboook]). www.mining.com
		+	\|}

−	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider ~~semplastics~~, over the past year, it has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.	+	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider sem-plastics, over the past year, it has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.

	After receiving a number of contracts and grants from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the company can now rely on an additional $2.2 million from the DOE to continue the research and development of its high-strength, lightweight building materials made using domestic coal waste. For more information see external links.		After receiving a number of contracts and grants from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the company can now rely on an additional $2.2 million from the DOE to continue the research and development of its high-strength, lightweight building materials made using domestic coal waste. For more information see external links.

−	The leading coal-producing state in the US, Wyoming, is now be the home of a 5,500-square-foot coal commercialization facility where companies and researchers can work on producing asphalt, graphene, graphite, agricultural char, carbon ~~fiber~~, and more – using coal and coal by-products. For more information see external links.	+	The leading coal-producing state in the US, Wyoming, is now be the home of a 5,500-square-foot coal commercialization facility where companies and researchers can work on producing asphalt, graphene, graphite, agricultural char, carbon fibre, and more – using coal and coal by-products. For more information see external links.

	= External Links =		= External Links =

Editor at 22:20, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T22:20:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:20, 20 August 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{\|
		+	\|width="100%"\| [[File:Innovation-center-launched-in-Wyomings-Carbon-Valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| Surface coal mine in Gillette, Campbell County, Wyoming. (Reference image by Greg Goebel, [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surface_coal_mine_detail,_Gillette,_Wyoming.jpg Wikimedia Commons]).
		+	\|}
		+
	= The right thing for the wrong reasons ? =		= The right thing for the wrong reasons ? =

Line 10:		Line 16:

	= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =		= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =
		+
		+	{\|
		+	\| [[File:Williamson coal house.png]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| Adams, Nancy Ray "Williamson Coal House." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 28 June 2022. Web. 19 August 2022.
		+	\|}

	The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway,mainly as a publicity stunt and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.		The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway,mainly as a publicity stunt and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.
Line 20:		Line 32:

	= 50 tons cannel coal house in West Virginia, US =		= 50 tons cannel coal house in West Virginia, US =
		+
		+	{\|
		+	\|width="100%"\| [[File:50 tonnes coal house.jpg]]
		+	\|-
		+	\| https://ark.digitalcommonwealth.org/ark:/50959/6d570r76d Terms of Use: No known copyright restrictions or on use.
		+	\|}

	Not so much is known about the background to the house but this residence was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60. See external links.		Not so much is known about the background to the house but this residence was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60. See external links.

	= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =		= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =
		+
		+	[[File:Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US.jpg]]

	A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal it is located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.		A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal it is located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.

	= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =		= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =
		+
		+	[[File:White Sulphur springs coal house.jpg]]

	A building, built entirely of 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.		A building, built entirely of 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.

	= X-MAT modern day coal house =		= X-MAT modern day coal house =
		+
		+	[[File:X mat coal-waste.jpg]]

	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider semplastics, over the past year, it has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.		A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider semplastics, over the past year, it has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.

Editor at 22:04, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T22:04:40Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:04, 20 August 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	The right thing for the wrong reasons ?	+	= The right thing for the wrong reasons ? =

	Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.		Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.
Line 7:		Line 7:
	When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.		When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.

−	Although very rare buildings made from coal do exist and although in many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, individually their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below.	+	Although very rare buildings made from coal do exist and although in many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, individually their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below as well as a modern day approach to building from coal..

	= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =		= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =
Line 21:		Line 21:
	= 50 tons cannel coal house in West Virginia, US =		= 50 tons cannel coal house in West Virginia, US =

−	Not so much is known about the background to the house but this residence was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60.	+	Not so much is known about the background to the house but this residence was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60. See external links.

	= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =		= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =
		+
		+	A Coal House built in 1926 from 42 tons of coal it is located near the county historical museum which used to be a Carnegie library and houses an outdoor display of mining equipment from the 1960's. See external links.
		+
		+	= The Coal House, White Sulphur Springs, East End. West Virginia =
		+
		+	A building, built entirely of 30 tons of West Virginia's anthracite coal it was used as a gift shop where items of coal were sold such as figurines and other carvings in coal. See external links.
		+
		+	= X-MAT modern day coal house =
		+
		+	A house completely made out of coal is being developed by US-based company X-MAT and may be partially ready by 2023. According to the firm, which is the advanced materials division of industrial engineered materials provider semplastics, over the past year, it has been able to perfect the bricks, blocks, facades, panels, and roof tiles that comprise all the components needed to construct the building.
		+
		+	After receiving a number of contracts and grants from the Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), the company can now rely on an additional $2.2 million from the DOE to continue the research and development of its high-strength, lightweight building materials made using domestic coal waste. For more information see external links.
		+
		+	The leading coal-producing state in the US, Wyoming, is now be the home of a 5,500-square-foot coal commercialization facility where companies and researchers can work on producing asphalt, graphene, graphite, agricultural char, carbon fiber, and more – using coal and coal by-products. For more information see external links.
		+
		+	= External Links =
		+
		+	[https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278 https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1278]
		+
		+	[https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search/commonwealth:6d570r76d]
		+
		+	[http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html http://nomadicnewfies.blogspot.com/2013/11/home-of-lee-majors.html]
		+
		+	[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:THE_COAL_HOUSE_-_BUILT_WITH_30_TONS_OF_WEST_VIRGINIA_ANTHRACITE_COAL_-_IN_WHITE_SULPHUR_SPRINGS%27_EAST_END,_ON_US-60_NEAR_ENTRANCE_TO_INTERSTATE_64.jpg]
		+
		+	[https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/ https://www.mining.com/american-company-developing-house-made-of-coal-waste/]
		+
		+	[https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/ https://www.mining.com/innovation-center-launched-in-wyomings-carbon-valley-tasked-with-finding-new-uses-for-coal/]

Editor at 21:48, 20 August 2022

2022-08-20T21:48:33Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:48, 20 August 2022
Line 11:		Line 11:
	= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =		= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =

−	The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway, and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.	+	The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway,mainly as a publicity stunt and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.

	The construction of the building was supported by local businesses and the community, the coal was donated by mining companies near Williamson, including Leckie Collieries, the Crystal Block Coal Company, Puritan Coal, the Sycamore Coal Company, and the Winifrede Block Coal Company, from the Winifrede Seam. It is made from hand-sawn blocks of bituminous coal joined with black mortar form the rectangular structure’s four walls and two pillars and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.		The construction of the building was supported by local businesses and the community, the coal was donated by mining companies near Williamson, including Leckie Collieries, the Crystal Block Coal Company, Puritan Coal, the Sycamore Coal Company, and the Winifrede Block Coal Company, from the Winifrede Seam. It is made from hand-sawn blocks of bituminous coal joined with black mortar form the rectangular structure’s four walls and two pillars and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

Editor: Created page with "The right thing for the wrong reasons ? Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new wa..."

2022-08-20T21:43:02Z

Created page with "The right thing for the wrong reasons ? Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new wa..."

New page

The right thing for the wrong reasons ?

Today there is an increasing focus on retaining stocks of sequestered carbon through the reduced burning of fossil fuels,, finding new ways to sequester carbon and the use of of material that not only have reduced carbon footprints in production but also actively sequester locked carbon into building fabric.

A very loose calculation for the make up of timber is around 50% carbon, 44% oxygen and 6% hydrogen, so 50 tonnes of sawn softwood timber will contain around 25 tonnes of sequestered carbon. When timber is used in the construction of a building that carbon becomes 'locked in' ( rather than being burnt and released) for the lifespan of the building (though one must also consider the end of life scenario).

When coal is burned, carbon and hydrogen are released to combine with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. An average amount of CO₂ that would be produced for an anthracite coal 90% carbon for the weight of the coal. So there would be around 45 tonnes of carbon atoms stored in 50 tonnes of anthracite coal, if this was burnt this would be released, if retaining in the earth it would remain locked in.

Although very rare buildings made from coal do exist and although in many cases these were built to promote coal as a fuel, individually their outcome was to sequester or lock in the carbon content to the material for a longer period than if it was burnt. The few examples are described below.

= Williamson Coal House, West Virginia, US =

The Williamson Coal House was constructed in 1933 from 65 tons of coal, and is located in downtown Williamson, in the US state of West Virginia near state’s southern coalfields. The building was the idea of O. W. Evans, the general superintendent of the fuel mines of the Norfolk & Western Railway, and it was designed by the architect H. T. Hicks.

The construction of the building was supported by local businesses and the community, the coal was donated by mining companies near Williamson, including Leckie Collieries, the Crystal Block Coal Company, Puritan Coal, the Sycamore Coal Company, and the Winifrede Block Coal Company, from the Winifrede Seam. It is made from hand-sawn blocks of bituminous coal joined with black mortar form the rectangular structure’s four walls and two pillars and is now on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Coal House is owned by the Williamson Convention and Visitors Bureau and houses the Tug Valley Chamber of Commerce. The interior of the Coal House was severely damaged by fire on October 11, 2010. With guidance from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History, the Mingo County Commission worked to repair the structure, and the Coal House reopened to visitors on September 26, 2011.

Source: Adams, Nancy Ray "Williamson Coal House." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 28 June 2022. Web. 19 August 2022, see external links .

= 50 tons cannel coal house in West Virginia, US =

Not so much is known about the background to the house but this residence was built in 1961 with 50 tonnes of cannel coal, and is located one mile east of White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia on Rt. 60.

= Middlesboro, Kentucky Coal House, US =