Building services - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 06:41, 6 March 2024

2024-03-06T06:41:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:41, 6 March 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[File:Industry-~~gfd9db5add 1280~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Industry-gfd9db5add_1280.jpg\|link=File:Industry-gfd9db5add_1280.jpg]]

	= What are building services? =		= What are building services? =
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	Specialist building services might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on.		Specialist building services might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on.
		+
		+	NB [https://www.bsria.com/uk/product/Bwxegr/useful_information_guide_bg_872024_a15d25e1/ BG 87/2024, Useful Information Guide], written by Chin Hang “Kay” Lam and published by BSRIA in 2024, defines building services as: ‘A collective term for the systems required for the safe, comfortable and efficient operation of the built environment. This includes energy supply and distribution, heating, air-conditioning, ventilation, refrigeration, lighting, lifts, escalators, IT networks, security, alarms, fire detection and fire protection.’

	For more information, see Types of building services.		For more information, see Types of building services.

Designing Buildings at 09:43, 25 November 2022

2022-11-25T09:43:07Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:43, 25 November 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[File:~~Buildingservices.jpg\|link=File:Buildingservices~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Industry-gfd9db5add 1280.jpg]]
		+
		+	= What are building services? =

	Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable, functional, efficient and safe.		Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable, functional, efficient and safe.
Line 9:		Line 11:
	* Energy supply (gas, electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and biomass).		* Energy supply (gas, electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and biomass).
	* Escalators and lifts.		* Escalators and lifts.
−	* Facade engineering (such as building shading ~~requirements~~).	+	* Facade engineering (such as building shading).
	* Fire safety, detection and protection.		* Fire safety, detection and protection.
	* Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC).		* Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC).
−	* Information and communications technology (ICT) ~~networks~~.	+	* Information and communications technology (ICT).
−	* Lighting ~~(natural and artificial)~~.	+	* Lighting.
	* [[Lightning_protection_system\|Lightning protection]].		* [[Lightning_protection_system\|Lightning protection]].
	* Refrigeration.		* Refrigeration.
	* Security and alarm systems.		* Security and alarm systems.
−	* Water, drainage and plumbing ~~(including sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS))~~.	+	* Water, drainage and plumbing.
−	* Carbon emissions calculations and ~~reduction~~.	+
		+	Specialist building services might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on.

	For more information, see Types of building services.		For more information, see Types of building services.

−	~~Specialist~~ building services ~~might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on.~~	+	= What does building services design involve? =

	Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in façade engineering, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on.		Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in façade engineering, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on.

−	This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall building design from a very early stage, particularly on complex building projects such as hospitals. Whilst it is usual for a building design team to be led by an architect, on buildings with very complex building services requirements a building services engineer might be appointed as the lead designer.	+	This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall building design from a very early stage in the design process, particularly on complex building projects such as hospitals.

	The detection of clashes between building services and other building components is a significant cause of delays and variations on site, not just in terms of the physical services themselves, but also access to allow the builders work in connection with those services. The use of 3D computer aided design (CAD) systems and building information modelling (BIM) should help reduce the occurrence of such problems.		The detection of clashes between building services and other building components is a significant cause of delays and variations on site, not just in terms of the physical services themselves, but also access to allow the builders work in connection with those services. The use of 3D computer aided design (CAD) systems and building information modelling (BIM) should help reduce the occurrence of such problems.
		+
		+	For more information see: Concept services design and Detailed services design.
		+
		+	= Building services engineers =

	Increasingly, building services engineers are central to the design and assessment of sustainable systems, assessing the life cycle of buildings and their component services to minimise the resources consumed and the impact on the environment during fabrication, construction, operation and dismantling.		Increasingly, building services engineers are central to the design and assessment of sustainable systems, assessing the life cycle of buildings and their component services to minimise the resources consumed and the impact on the environment during fabrication, construction, operation and dismantling.

−	~~According~~ to ~~The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE):~~	+	Whilst it is usual for a building design team to be led by an architect, on buildings with very complex building services requirements a building services engineer might be appointed as the lead designer.

−	'In any new construction project, building services typically account for 30-40% of the total cost.' (Ref. CIBSE fact sheet) and buildings account for almost 50% of carbon emissions (Ref. CIBSE).	+	Building services engineers can obtain qualifications and training from industry bodies such as BSRIA and CIBSE.
		+
		+	For more information see: Building services engineer.
		+
		+	= Regulation of building services =
		+
		+	According to The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE): 'In any new construction project, building services typically account for 30-40% of the total cost.' (Ref. CIBSE fact sheet) and buildings account for almost 50% of carbon emissions (Ref. CIBSE).

	As a consequence, many aspects of building services design are regulated (the building regulations, the energy related products regulations, and so on), and clients may impose their own standards on top of these regulations or seek certification under schemes such the Building Research Establishment’s (BRE) Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).		As a consequence, many aspects of building services design are regulated (the building regulations, the energy related products regulations, and so on), and clients may impose their own standards on top of these regulations or seek certification under schemes such the Building Research Establishment’s (BRE) Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).
Line 40:		Line 53:
	Ensuring that building services meet the standards set can involve the use of sophisticated simulation tools to predict the likely performance of buildings during the design stages (including the assessment and comparison of different options), as well as monitoring actual performance in use.		Ensuring that building services meet the standards set can involve the use of sophisticated simulation tools to predict the likely performance of buildings during the design stages (including the assessment and comparison of different options), as well as monitoring actual performance in use.

−	~~However, clients~~ and designers are becoming increasingly aware of a disparity between the predicted and actual performance of buildings, with many buildings using considerably more energy than had been expected (up to 5 times as much according to the Carbon Trust‘s Low Carbon Buildings Accelerator and the Low Carbon Buildings Programme).	+	For more information see: Building regulations and BREEAM.
		+
		+	= What is the performance gap? =
		+
		+	Clients and designers are becoming increasingly aware of a disparity between the predicted and actual performance of buildings, with many buildings using considerably more energy than had been expected (up to 5 times as much according to the Carbon Trust‘s Low Carbon Buildings Accelerator and the Low Carbon Buildings Programme).

	This may be as a result of the following:		This may be as a result of the following:
Line 55:		Line 72:
	The collection of more data to feedback information about performance in use will be necessary to rectify this problem.		The collection of more data to feedback information about performance in use will be necessary to rectify this problem.

−	NB: Building services will have to be upgraded and equipment replaced a number of times in the life of most buildings, building services engineers should consider this throughout design development as well as ease of maintenance and running costs.	+	For more information see: Performance gap.

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	* Active system.
	* Air conditioning.		* Air conditioning.
−	* Air handling unit.
	* BSRIA blue book.		* BSRIA blue book.
−	* Building analytics market trends.
	* Building Automation and Control System BACS.		* Building Automation and Control System BACS.
	* Building engineering services.		* Building engineering services.
Line 72:		Line 86:
	* Building services engineer.		* Building services engineer.
	* Building engineering services.		* Building engineering services.
−	* Chilled beam.
	* CIBSE.		* CIBSE.
−	* Complex system.
	* Concept services design.		* Concept services design.
	* Cooling systems for buildings.		* Cooling systems for buildings.
−	* CFD.
−	* Data centres.
	* Detailed services design.		* Detailed services design.
	* Domestic building services compliance guide.		* Domestic building services compliance guide.
−	* Ductwork.
	* Electrical control systems.		* Electrical control systems.
−	* Facade access equipment.
−	* Fan coil unit.
−	* February 2021 HVAC&R trends and the impact of COVID.
−	* Heat transfer.
	* Heating.		* Heating.
−	* Hot water safety.
	* HVAC.		* HVAC.
−	* HVAC balancing.
−	* Joined-up thinking is key to building safely.
	* Lightning protection system.		* Lightning protection system.
	* Mechanical and electrical.		* Mechanical and electrical.
Line 98:		Line 100:
	* Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016.		* Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016.
	* Non-domestic building services compliance guide.		* Non-domestic building services compliance guide.
−	* Panelboard.
−	* Passive building design.
	* Performance gap.		* Performance gap.
	* Pipework.		* Pipework.
Line 105:		Line 105:
	* Plumbing.		* Plumbing.
	* Rules of Thumb - Guidelines for building services.		* Rules of Thumb - Guidelines for building services.
−	* Sustainable Buildings Monitor.
−	* Tempering heating.
	* Thermal comfort.		* Thermal comfort.
−	* Training for pre-commissioning cleaning of pipework systems.
	* Types of building services.		* Types of building services.
−	* Types of heating system.
−	* Ultrasonic pipe testing.
−	* Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark.
	* Utilities.		* Utilities.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor: Reverted edits by 88.201.80.179 (talk) to last revision by Editor

2022-04-25T04:44:20Z

Reverted edits by 88.201.80.179 (talk) to last revision by Editor

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:44, 25 April 2022
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[File:Buildingservices.jpg\|link=File:Buildingservices.jpg]] Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable, functional, efficient and safe. Building services might include: * [[Building_management_systems_BMS\|Building control systems]]. * Energy distribution. * Energy supply (gas, electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and biomass). * Escalators and lifts. * Facade engineering (such as building shading requirements). * Fire safety, detection and protection. * Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). * Information and communications technology (ICT) networks. * Lighting (natural and artificial). * [[Lightning_protection_system\|Lightning protection]]. * Refrigeration. * Security and alarm systems. * Water, drainage and plumbing (including sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)). * Carbon emissions calculations and reduction. For more information, see Types of building services. Specialist building services might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on. Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in façade engineering, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on. This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall building design from a very early stage, particularly on complex building projects such as hospitals. Whilst it is usual for a building design team to be led by an architect, on buildings with very complex building services requirements a building services engineer might be appointed as the lead designer. The detection of clashes between building services and other building components is a significant cause of delays and variations on site, not just in terms of the physical services themselves, but also access to allow the builders work in connection with those services. The use of 3D computer aided design (CAD) systems and building information modelling (BIM) should help reduce the occurrence of such problems. Increasingly, building services engineers are central to the design and assessment of sustainable systems, assessing the life cycle of buildings and their component services to minimise the resources consumed and the impact on the environment during fabrication, construction, operation and dismantling. According to The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE): 'In any new construction project, building services typically account for 30-40% of the total cost.' (Ref. CIBSE fact sheet) and buildings account for almost 50% of carbon emissions (Ref. CIBSE). As a consequence, many aspects of building services design are regulated (the building regulations, the energy related products regulations, and so on), and clients may impose their own standards on top of these regulations or seek certification under schemes such the Building Research Establishment’s (BRE) Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM). Ensuring that building services meet the standards set can involve the use of sophisticated simulation tools to predict the likely performance of buildings during the design stages (including the assessment and comparison of different options), as well as monitoring actual performance in use. However, clients and designers are becoming increasingly aware of a disparity between the predicted and actual performance of buildings, with many buildings using considerably more energy than had been expected (up to 5 times as much according to the Carbon Trust‘s Low Carbon Buildings Accelerator and the Low Carbon Buildings Programme). This may be as a result of the following: * A lack of proper understanding of building design and the interaction between components. * Poor prediction tools. * Inadequate detailing. * Discrepancies between specifications and actual construction. * Poor build quality. * The use of idealised performance data for products. * Improper user behaviour or operation. * Unexpected power loads (such as additional ICT equipment, external lighting, and so on). The collection of more data to feedback information about performance in use will be necessary to rectify this problem. NB: Building services will have to be upgraded and equipment replaced a number of times in the life of most buildings, building services engineers should consider this throughout design development as well as ease of maintenance and running costs. = Related articles on Designing Buildings = * Active system. * Air conditioning. * Air handling unit. * BSRIA blue book. * Building analytics market trends. * Building Automation and Control System BACS. * Building engineering services. * Building management systems. * Building Services Analytics - BG 75 2018. * Building services and health risk resilient buildings. * Building services compliance with the building regulations. * Building services engineer. * Building engineering services. * Chilled beam. * CIBSE. * Complex system. * Concept services design. * Cooling systems for buildings. * CFD. * Data centres. * Detailed services design. * Domestic building services compliance guide. * Ductwork. * Electrical control systems. * Facade access equipment. * Fan coil unit. * February 2021 HVAC&R trends and the impact of COVID. * Heat transfer. * Heating. * Hot water safety. * HVAC. * HVAC balancing. * Joined-up thinking is key to building safely. * Lightning protection system. * Mechanical and electrical. * Mechanical, electrical and plumbing MEP. * Mechanical ventilation. * Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016. * Non-domestic building services compliance guide. * Panelboard. * Passive building design. * Performance gap. * Pipework. * Plant room. * Plumbing. * Rules of Thumb - Guidelines for building services. * Sustainable Buildings Monitor. * Tempering heating. * Thermal comfort. * Training for pre-commissioning cleaning of pipework systems. * Types of building services. * Types of heating system. * Ultrasonic pipe testing. * Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark. * Utilities. * facility	+	[[File:Buildingservices.jpg\|link=File:Buildingservices.jpg]]

−	[[~~Category:Articles_needing_more_work~~]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	Building services are the systems installed in buildings to make them comfortable, functional, efficient and safe.
		+
		+	Building services might include:
		+
		+	* [[Building_management_systems_BMS\|Building control systems]].
		+	* Energy distribution.
		+	* Energy supply (gas, electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal and biomass).
		+	* Escalators and lifts.
		+	* Facade engineering (such as building shading requirements).
		+	* Fire safety, detection and protection.
		+	* Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC).
		+	* Information and communications technology (ICT) networks.
		+	* Lighting (natural and artificial).
		+	* [[Lightning_protection_system\|Lightning protection]].
		+	* Refrigeration.
		+	* Security and alarm systems.
		+	* Water, drainage and plumbing (including sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS)).
		+	* Carbon emissions calculations and reduction.
		+
		+	For more information, see Types of building services.
		+
		+	Specialist building services might also include systems for bacteria and humidity control, specialist lighting and security, emergency power, specialist gas distribution, fume cupboards, operating theatres, and so on.
		+
		+	Building services play a central role in contributing to the design of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but also in façade engineering, the weights, sizes and location of major plant and equipment, the position of vertical service risers, routes for the distribution of horizontal services, drainage, energy sources, sustainability, and so on.
		+
		+	This means that building services design must be integrated into the overall building design from a very early stage, particularly on complex building projects such as hospitals. Whilst it is usual for a building design team to be led by an architect, on buildings with very complex building services requirements a building services engineer might be appointed as the lead designer.
		+
		+	The detection of clashes between building services and other building components is a significant cause of delays and variations on site, not just in terms of the physical services themselves, but also access to allow the builders work in connection with those services. The use of 3D computer aided design (CAD) systems and building information modelling (BIM) should help reduce the occurrence of such problems.
		+
		+	Increasingly, building services engineers are central to the design and assessment of sustainable systems, assessing the life cycle of buildings and their component services to minimise the resources consumed and the impact on the environment during fabrication, construction, operation and dismantling.
		+
		+	According to The Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE):
		+
		+	'In any new construction project, building services typically account for 30-40% of the total cost.' (Ref. CIBSE fact sheet) and buildings account for almost 50% of carbon emissions (Ref. CIBSE).
		+
		+	As a consequence, many aspects of building services design are regulated (the building regulations, the energy related products regulations, and so on), and clients may impose their own standards on top of these regulations or seek certification under schemes such the Building Research Establishment’s (BRE) Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).
		+
		+	Ensuring that building services meet the standards set can involve the use of sophisticated simulation tools to predict the likely performance of buildings during the design stages (including the assessment and comparison of different options), as well as monitoring actual performance in use.
		+
		+	However, clients and designers are becoming increasingly aware of a disparity between the predicted and actual performance of buildings, with many buildings using considerably more energy than had been expected (up to 5 times as much according to the Carbon Trust‘s Low Carbon Buildings Accelerator and the Low Carbon Buildings Programme).
		+
		+	This may be as a result of the following:
		+
		+	* A lack of proper understanding of building design and the interaction between components.
		+	* Poor prediction tools.
		+	* Inadequate detailing.
		+	* Discrepancies between specifications and actual construction.
		+	* Poor build quality.
		+	* The use of idealised performance data for products.
		+	* Improper user behaviour or operation.
		+	* Unexpected power loads (such as additional ICT equipment, external lighting, and so on).
		+
		+	The collection of more data to feedback information about performance in use will be necessary to rectify this problem.
		+
		+	NB: Building services will have to be upgraded and equipment replaced a number of times in the life of most buildings, building services engineers should consider this throughout design development as well as ease of maintenance and running costs.
		+
		+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
		+
		+	* Active system.
		+	* Air conditioning.
		+	* Air handling unit.
		+	* BSRIA blue book.
		+	* Building analytics market trends.
		+	* Building Automation and Control System BACS.
		+	* Building engineering services.
		+	* Building management systems.
		+	* Building Services Analytics - BG 75 2018.
		+	* Building services and health risk resilient buildings.
		+	* Building services compliance with the building regulations.
		+	* Building services engineer.
		+	* Building engineering services.
		+	* Chilled beam.
		+	* CIBSE.
		+	* Complex system.
		+	* Concept services design.
		+	* Cooling systems for buildings.
		+	* CFD.
		+	* Data centres.
		+	* Detailed services design.
		+	* Domestic building services compliance guide.
		+	* Ductwork.
		+	* Electrical control systems.
		+	* Facade access equipment.
		+	* Fan coil unit.
		+	* February 2021 HVAC&R trends and the impact of COVID.
		+	* Heat transfer.
		+	* Heating.
		+	* Hot water safety.
		+	* HVAC.
		+	* HVAC balancing.
		+	* Joined-up thinking is key to building safely.
		+	* Lightning protection system.
		+	* Mechanical and electrical.
		+	* Mechanical, electrical and plumbing MEP.
		+	* Mechanical ventilation.
		+	* Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016.
		+	* Non-domestic building services compliance guide.
		+	* Panelboard.
		+	* Passive building design.
		+	* Performance gap.
		+	* Pipework.
		+	* Plant room.
		+	* Plumbing.
		+	* Rules of Thumb - Guidelines for building services.
		+	* Sustainable Buildings Monitor.
		+	* Tempering heating.
		+	* Thermal comfort.
		+	* Training for pre-commissioning cleaning of pipework systems.
		+	* Types of building services.
		+	* Types of heating system.
		+	* Ultrasonic pipe testing.
		+	* Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark.
		+	* Utilities.
		+
		+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

88.201.80.179 at 23:54, 24 April 2022

2022-04-24T23:54:04Z

Show changes

88.201.80.179 at 23:53, 24 April 2022

2022-04-24T23:53:19Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:53, 24 April 2022
Line 114:		Line 114:
	* Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark.		* Underfloor air conditioning at London Grade II listed landmark.
	* Utilities.		* Utilities.
		+	* facility

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Design]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor at 17:44, 10 February 2022

2022-02-10T17:44:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 10 February 2022
Line 98:		Line 98:
	* Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016.		* Model Format for Building Services Specifications BG56 2016.
	* Non-domestic building services compliance guide.		* Non-domestic building services compliance guide.
		+	* Panelboard.
	* Passive building design.		* Passive building design.
	* Performance gap.		* Performance gap.

Editor at 17:28, 25 January 2022

2022-01-25T17:28:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:28, 25 January 2022
Line 79:		Line 79:
	* CFD.		* CFD.
	* Data centres.		* Data centres.
		+	* Detailed services design.
	* Domestic building services compliance guide.		* Domestic building services compliance guide.
	* Ductwork.		* Ductwork.

Editor at 17:44, 18 November 2021

2021-11-18T17:44:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:44, 18 November 2021
Line 82:		Line 82:
	* Ductwork.		* Ductwork.
	* Electrical control systems.		* Electrical control systems.
		+	* Facade access equipment.
	* Fan coil unit.		* Fan coil unit.
	* February 2021 HVAC&R trends and the impact of COVID.		* February 2021 HVAC&R trends and the impact of COVID.

Editor at 09:31, 27 October 2021

2021-10-27T09:31:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:31, 27 October 2021
Line 57:		Line 57:
	NB: Building services will have to be upgraded and equipment replaced a number of times in the life of most buildings, building services engineers should consider this throughout design development as well as ease of maintenance and running costs.		NB: Building services will have to be upgraded and equipment replaced a number of times in the life of most buildings, building services engineers should consider this throughout design development as well as ease of maintenance and running costs.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Active system.		* Active system.
Line 105:		Line 105:
	* Tempering heating.		* Tempering heating.
	* Thermal comfort.		* Thermal comfort.
		+	* Training for pre-commissioning cleaning of pipework systems.
	* Types of building services.		* Types of building services.
	* Types of heating system.		* Types of heating system.

Editor: Reverted edits by 106.78.93.98 (talk) to last revision by Editor

2021-06-09T12:22:14Z

Reverted edits by 106.78.93.98 (talk) to last revision by Editor

Can't load revision 205921