Building archaeology - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 08:23, 17 October 2022

2022-10-17T08:23:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:23, 17 October 2022
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	The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.		The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.
		+
		+	NB The [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/geospatial-glossary/geospatial-glossary Geospatial Glossary], published by the Geospatial Commission, and accessed on 17 September 2022, defines photogrammetry as: ‘The science, art and technology of obtaining reliable measurements and maps from aerial photographs.’

	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =		= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

Editor at 18:56, 2 December 2021

2021-12-02T18:56:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:56, 2 December 2021
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	* Ground sample distance GSD.		* Ground sample distance GSD.
	* Listed buildings.		* Listed buildings.
		+	* Pixel.
	* Recording old industrial sites.		* Recording old industrial sites.
	* Restoring Charles Drake's concrete house.		* Restoring Charles Drake's concrete house.

Editor at 21:36, 29 November 2021

2021-11-29T21:36:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:36, 29 November 2021
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	The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.		The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Archaeology in the built environment.		* Archaeology in the built environment.
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	* Desk study.		* Desk study.
	* Digital mapping and cartography.		* Digital mapping and cartography.
		+	* Ground sample distance GSD.
	* Listed buildings.		* Listed buildings.
	* Recording old industrial sites.		* Recording old industrial sites.
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	* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]		* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]

−	~~[[Category:Conservation]]~~ [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]] [[Category:Conservation]]

Designing Buildings at 07:25, 26 October 2020

2020-10-26T07:25:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 26 October 2020
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	* The Archaeology Data Service.		* The Archaeology Data Service.

−	=== External resources ===	+	= External resources =

	* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]		* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]

−	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:~~History~~]] [[Category:~~Research_/_Innovation~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation~~]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]	+	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Guidance]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]

Designing Buildings at 06:13, 5 April 2019

2019-04-05T06:13:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:13, 5 April 2019
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	The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.		The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Archaeology in the built environment.		* Archaeology in the built environment.
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	* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]		* [http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/rectified/rectified.htm Building conservation]

−	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]	+	[[Category:Conservation]] [[Category:History]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Property_development]] [[Category:Roles_/_services]]

Designing Buildings at 07:49, 4 August 2018

2018-08-04T07:49:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:49, 4 August 2018
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	* Archaeological officer.		* Archaeological officer.
	* Architectural photography.		* Architectural photography.
		+	* Building archaeology and conservation.
	* Building pathology.		* Building pathology.
	* Building survey.		* Building survey.

Designing Buildings at 09:52, 19 May 2017

2017-05-19T09:52:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:52, 19 May 2017
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	* Digital mapping and cartography.		* Digital mapping and cartography.
	* Listed buildings.		* Listed buildings.
		+	* Recording old industrial sites.
	* Restoring Charles Drake's concrete house.		* Restoring Charles Drake's concrete house.
	* Scheduled monuments.		* Scheduled monuments.

Designing Buildings at 12:58, 8 September 2016

2016-09-08T12:58:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:58, 8 September 2016
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	* Digital mapping and cartography.		* Digital mapping and cartography.
	* Listed buildings.		* Listed buildings.
		+	* Restoring Charles Drake's concrete house.
	* Scheduled monuments.		* Scheduled monuments.
	* The Archaeology Data Service.		* The Archaeology Data Service.

Designing Buildings at 14:34, 23 August 2016

2016-08-23T14:34:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 23 August 2016
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	Equipment required includes a compact digital camera, perhaps tripod-mounted, and a tape measure; or more specialist distortion-free cameras with high quality lenses, measured control points and dedicated software.		Equipment required includes a compact digital camera, perhaps tripod-mounted, and a tape measure; or more specialist distortion-free cameras with high quality lenses, measured control points and dedicated software.

−	Each photo should be taken square on to the object, with the effects of perspective removed if possible by shifting the lens accordingly. Effort must be made to work in good lighting conditions, as shadows can ~~represent~~ a loss of information.	+	Each photo should be taken square on to the object, with the effects of perspective removed if possible by shifting the lens accordingly. Effort must be made to work in good lighting conditions, as shadows can result in a loss of information.

	Surface areas requiring repair or conservation can easily be measured and calculated from the images. For example, rubble-built walls can be costly to have drawn stone-by-stone, but individual stones will be clearly visible in a rectified photograph and areas requiring repointing, consolidation or replacement can be marked up on the image and measured.		Surface areas requiring repair or conservation can easily be measured and calculated from the images. For example, rubble-built walls can be costly to have drawn stone-by-stone, but individual stones will be clearly visible in a rectified photograph and areas requiring repointing, consolidation or replacement can be marked up on the image and measured.
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	The accessibility of the photographed object and the scale of the photographs will determine the achievable accuracy on a photogrammetric survey.		The accessibility of the photographed object and the scale of the photographs will determine the achievable accuracy on a photogrammetric survey.

−	The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, ~~thereby~~ offering the advantage of ~~total~~ flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.	+	The usual end-product of a photogrammetric survey is the production of either digital data or a line drawing. The data may be formatted for use in CAD systems, offering the advantage of flexibility. As the process requires photography, this may become the end-product itself, either archived as they are, or as a rectified mosaic composed of a number of scaled photographs joined together.

	= Find out more =		= Find out more =

Designing Buildings at 14:31, 23 August 2016

2016-08-23T14:31:50Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:31, 23 August 2016
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	Building archaeology is the discipline of reconstructing the history of existing buildings using direct observations. Archaeologists ~~try and~~ trace a structure’s past by analysing data such as materials, building techniques, how elements connect with one another, and so on. In a similar way to architectural conservation, building archaeology uses scientific and ~~technological instruments~~ to describe, ~~analyse~~ and date structures.	+	Building archaeology is the discipline of reconstructing the history of existing buildings using direct observations. Archaeologists can trace a structure’s past by analysing data such as materials, building techniques, how elements connect with one another, and so on. In a similar way to architectural conservation, building archaeology uses scientific and analytical techniques to describe, assess and date structures.

−	The main difference between building and excavations archaeology is that the latter requires invasive digging procedures in order to make visible the sources of data~~. Whereas~~ on the whole, a building can be analysed ~~in terms~~ of its surfaces, materials and building techniques without impacting upon the structure itself.	+	The main difference between building and excavations archaeology is that the latter requires invasive digging procedures in order to make visible the sources of data, whereas on the whole, a building can be analysed by observation of its exposed surfaces, materials and building techniques without impacting upon the structure itself.

−	Establishing timelines ~~and dates~~ may not be the main point of interest for the archaeologist, but it may be necessary ~~for obtaining~~ an accurate and thorough description of a building’s development, as well ~~as being able to examine the~~ data within some kind of historical context, ~~and better~~ identify explanations for the building.	+	Establishing timelines may not always be the main point of interest for the archaeologist, but it may be necessary to understand dates to obtain an accurate and thorough description of a building’s development, as well placing data within some kind of historical context, which can help identify explanations for the building.

−	Some of the methods that an archaeologist can use ~~include the following:~~	+	Some of the methods that an archaeologist can use are set out below.

	= Stratigraphy =		= Stratigraphy =
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	= Chrono-typology =		= Chrono-typology =

−	Chrono-typology is a dating method ~~that is~~ based on ~~different~~ architectural features ~~during~~ historical periods rather than on the building itself. It involves using a reference database that assists with the identification of particular construction elements and associating them with the relevant ~~date~~ period.	+	Chrono-typology is a dating method based on identification of architectural features from different historical periods rather than on the building itself. It involves using a reference database that assists with the identification of particular construction elements and associating them with the relevant period.

−	If architectural elements can be dated to ~~the~~ definite range of years, perhaps from inscriptions or documentary evidence, then similar elements of a building may be ~~capable of being~~ dated to the same period.	+	If architectural elements can be dated to a definite range of years, perhaps from inscriptions or documentary evidence, then similar elements of a building may be dated to the same period.

−	The distinctive features of an element may include materials, construction techniques, dimensions ~~and~~ shapes.	+	The distinctive features of an element may include materials, construction techniques, dimensions, shapes and so on.

−	~~The~~ classification process is essential to creating a useful database~~, and~~ the steps include:	+	A classification process is essential for creating a useful database. Typically the steps include:

−	* ~~The~~ geographic context for the research.	+	* Establishing the geographic context for the research.
−	* The filing and indexing of a large number of items of ~~the~~ particular architectural element.	+	* The filing and indexing of a large number of items of a particular architectural element.
	* Classification of the element’s distinctive features.		* Classification of the element’s distinctive features.
	* Identification of the group of instances in the building that share the same distinctive features.		* Identification of the group of instances in the building that share the same distinctive features.
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	= Dendrochronology =		= Dendrochronology =

−	Dendrochronology, also known as ‘tree ring dating’, is a technique that involves reading the sequence of ring thickness values of a timber element. This can identify the date ~~when~~ the timbers were felled.	+	Dendrochronology, also known as ‘tree ring dating’, is a technique that involves reading the sequence of ring thickness values of a timber element. This can identify the date that the timbers were felled.

	A tree gains another ring each year as it grows, with the thickness depending on the amount of growth. All the same trees in a region are likely to display the same chronological growth pattern. Therefore, by plotting the relative thickness of these rings, a clearly identifiable sequence of variations may emerge which can act like a date stamp for each period.		A tree gains another ring each year as it grows, with the thickness depending on the amount of growth. All the same trees in a region are likely to display the same chronological growth pattern. Therefore, by plotting the relative thickness of these rings, a clearly identifiable sequence of variations may emerge which can act like a date stamp for each period.

−	Master chronologies that span many centuries have documented tree ring data, enabling the cross-matching of historic timbers from existing buildings to determine the origin of ~~the~~ timbers.	+	Master chronologies that span many centuries have documented tree ring data, enabling the cross-matching of historic timbers from existing buildings to determine the origin of timbers.

−	The advantage of dendrochronology is its objectivity~~, and where~~ analysis results in a clear match with the master chronology the results are completely accurate and reliable.	+	The advantage of dendrochronology is its objectivity. Where analysis results in a clear match with the master chronology the results are completely accurate and reliable.

	= Rectified photography =		= Rectified photography =