Braced frame structures - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 09:14, 14 November 2022

2022-11-14T09:14:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:14, 14 November 2022
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−	[[File:Office-building-~~g53a47febf 1280~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Office-building-g53a47febf_1280.jpg\|link=File:Office-building-g53a47febf_1280.jpg]]

	= What is a braced frame structure? =		= What is a braced frame structure? =
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	* Concrete vs. steel.		* Concrete vs. steel.
	* Girder.		* Girder.
		+	* Gridshell.
	* Gusset.		* Gusset.
	* Lateral loads.		* Lateral loads.

Designing Buildings at 09:12, 14 November 2022

2022-11-14T09:12:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 14 November 2022
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		+	[[File:Office-building-g53a47febf 1280.jpg]]
		+
	= What is a braced frame structure? =		= What is a braced frame structure? =

Designing Buildings at 09:09, 14 November 2022

2022-11-14T09:09:31Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:09, 14 November 2022
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−	= ~~Introduction~~ =	+	= What is a braced frame structure? =

−	A braced frame is a ~~really~~ strong structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.	+	A braced frame is a very strong structural system that is commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression. The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the positioning of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing the bracing as an internal or external architectural feature.

−	~~The beams~~ and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing ~~as an internal or external design feature.~~	+	= Vertical and horizontal bracing systems =

−	~~= Bracing systems =~~	+	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems; vertical and horizontal bracing:
−		+
−	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems ~~called~~:	+

	=== Vertical bracing ===		=== Vertical bracing ===
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	=== Horizontal bracing ===		=== Horizontal bracing ===

−	~~The bracing~~ at each floor (in horizontal planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to the planes of vertical bracing. Horizontal bracing is needed at each floor level, however, the floor system itself may provide sufficient resistance. Roofs may require bracing.	+	Bracing at each floor (in horizontal planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to the planes of vertical bracing. Horizontal bracing is needed at each floor level, however, the floor system itself may provide sufficient resistance. Roofs may also require bracing.

	= Types of bracing =		= Types of bracing =

−	=== Single diagonals ===	+	Some of the more common forms of bracing are listed below.
		+
		+	== Single diagonals ==

	[[File:Singlediagonalbrace.jpg\|link=File:Singlediagonalbrace.jpg]]		[[File:Singlediagonalbrace.jpg\|link=File:Singlediagonalbrace.jpg]]
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	Trussing, or triangulation, is formed by inserting diagonal structural members into rectangular areas of a structural frame, helping to stabilise the frame. If a single brace is used, it must be sufficiently resistant to tension and compression.		Trussing, or triangulation, is formed by inserting diagonal structural members into rectangular areas of a structural frame, helping to stabilise the frame. If a single brace is used, it must be sufficiently resistant to tension and compression.

−	=== Cross-bracing ===	+	== Cross-bracing ==

	[[File:Xbrace.JPG\|link=File:Xbrace.JPG]]		[[File:Xbrace.JPG\|link=File:Xbrace.JPG]]

−	Cross-bracing (or X-bracing) uses two diagonal members crossing each other. These only need to be resistant to tension, one brace at a time acting to resist sideways forces, depending on the direction of loading. As a result, steel cables can also be used for cross-bracing.	+	Cross-bracing (or X-bracing) uses two diagonal members crossing each other. These only need to be resistant to tension, one brace at a time acting to resist sideways forces, depending on the direction of loading. As a result, steel cables can also be used for cross-bracing. However, cross bracing on the outside face of a building can interfere with the positioning and functioning of window openings. It also results in greater bending in floor beams.
−		+
−	However, cross bracing on the outside face of a building can interfere with the positioning and functioning of window openings. It also results in greater bending in floor beams.	+

−	=== K-bracing ===	+	== K-bracing ==

	[[File:Kbrace.jpg\|link=File:Kbrace.jpg]]		[[File:Kbrace.jpg\|link=File:Kbrace.jpg]]
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	K-braces connect to the columns at mid-height. This frame has more flexibility for the provision of openings in the facade and results in the least bending in floor beams. K-bracing is generally discouraged in seismic regions because of the potential for column failure if the compression brace buckles.		K-braces connect to the columns at mid-height. This frame has more flexibility for the provision of openings in the facade and results in the least bending in floor beams. K-bracing is generally discouraged in seismic regions because of the potential for column failure if the compression brace buckles.

−	=== V-bracing ===	+	== V-bracing ==

	[[File:V-brace.jpg\|link=File:V-brace.jpg]] [[File:V-brace%28inverted%29.jpg\|link=File:V-brace(inverted).jpg]]		[[File:V-brace.jpg\|link=File:V-brace.jpg]] [[File:V-brace%28inverted%29.jpg\|link=File:V-brace(inverted).jpg]]
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	Both systems can significantly reduce the buckling capacity of the compression brace so that it is less than the tension yield capacity of the tension brace. This can mean that when the braces reach their resistance capacity, the load must instead be resisted in the bending of the horizontal member.		Both systems can significantly reduce the buckling capacity of the compression brace so that it is less than the tension yield capacity of the tension brace. This can mean that when the braces reach their resistance capacity, the load must instead be resisted in the bending of the horizontal member.

−	Centric bracing is commonly used in seismic regions. It is similar to V-bracing but bracing members do not meet at a centre point. This means there is a space between them at the top connection ~~(see photo above, Salesforce Tower, London)~~. Bracing members connect to separate points on the horizontal beams. This is so the 'link' between the bracing members absorbs energy from seismic activity through plastic deformation. Eccentric single diagonals can also be used to brace a frame.	+	Centric bracing is commonly used in seismic regions. It is similar to V-bracing, but bracing members do not meet at the centre point. This means there is a space between them at the top connection. Bracing members connect to separate points on the horizontal beams. This is so the 'link' between the bracing members absorbs energy from seismic activity through plastic deformation. Eccentric single diagonals can also be used to brace a frame.

−	= Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki~~ =	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

−	* Adaptive structures.
	* Biaxial bending.		* Biaxial bending.
−	* Bridge construction.
−	* Concept structural design of buildings.
−	* Concrete-steel composite structures.
	* Concrete frame.		* Concrete frame.
	* Concrete vs. steel.		* Concrete vs. steel.
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	* Lateral loads.		* Lateral loads.
	* Limit state design.		* Limit state design.
−	* Lintel.
−	* Long span roof.
−	* Major cast metal components.
	* Portal frame.		* Portal frame.
−	* Racking.
−	* Rafter.
	* Roof structure.		* Roof structure.
−	* Scour.
	* Shear wall.		* Shear wall.
	* Skeleton frame.		* Skeleton frame.
−	* Specifying steel lintels.
	* Steel frame.		* Steel frame.
	* Structural engineer.		* Structural engineer.
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	* Structural systems.		* Structural systems.
	* Superstructure.		* Superstructure.
−	* Tension cable and rod connectors.
−	* The development of structural membranes.
	* Truss.		* Truss.
−	* Tube structural system.
−	* Types of column.
	* Types of frame.		* Types of frame.
	* Types of structural load.		* Types of structural load.
−	* Vibrations.

	= External references =		= External references =

Designing Buildings: Reverted edits by 72.79.8.74 (talk) to last revision by 124.183.185.107

2022-03-30T19:00:16Z

Reverted edits by 72.79.8.74 (talk) to last revision by 124.183.185.107

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 30 March 2022
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	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems called:		The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems called:

−	=== Vertical bracing ~~u ugly~~ ===	+	=== Vertical bracing ===

	Bracing between column lines (in vertical planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to ground level. Framed buildings require at least three planes of vertical bracing to brace both directions in plan and to resist torsion about a vertical axis.		Bracing between column lines (in vertical planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to ground level. Framed buildings require at least three planes of vertical bracing to brace both directions in plan and to resist torsion about a vertical axis.

72.79.8.74 at 18:26, 30 March 2022

2022-03-30T18:26:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:26, 30 March 2022
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	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems called:		The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems called:

−	=== Vertical bracing ===	+	=== Vertical bracing u ugly ===

	Bracing between column lines (in vertical planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to ground level. Framed buildings require at least three planes of vertical bracing to brace both directions in plan and to resist torsion about a vertical axis.		Bracing between column lines (in vertical planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to ground level. Framed buildings require at least three planes of vertical bracing to brace both directions in plan and to resist torsion about a vertical axis.

124.183.185.107 at 00:22, 10 August 2021

2021-08-10T00:22:08Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:22, 10 August 2021
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	= Bracing systems =		= Bracing systems =

−	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems:	+	The resistance to horizontal forces is provided by two bracing systems called:

	=== Vertical bracing ===		=== Vertical bracing ===

124.183.185.107 at 00:21, 10 August 2021

2021-08-10T00:21:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:21, 10 August 2021
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	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.	+	A braced frame is a really strong structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.

	The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature.		The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature.

Editor at 18:55, 22 April 2021

2021-04-22T18:55:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:55, 22 April 2021
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	* Shear wall.		* Shear wall.
	* Skeleton frame.		* Skeleton frame.
		+	* Specifying steel lintels.
	* Steel frame.		* Steel frame.
	* Structural engineer.		* Structural engineer.

Editor: Reverted edits by 147.158.133.252 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

2021-04-19T09:33:08Z

Reverted edits by 147.158.133.252 (talk) to last revision by Designing Buildings

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 19 April 2021
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	A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.		A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.

−	The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature. ~~lol~~	+	The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature.

	= Bracing systems =		= Bracing systems =

147.158.133.252 at 08:15, 19 April 2021

2021-04-19T08:15:51Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:15, 19 April 2021
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	A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.		A braced frame is a structural system commonly used in structures subject to lateral loads such as wind and seismic pressure. The members in a braced frame are generally made of structural steel, which can work effectively both in tension and compression.

−	The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature.	+	The beams and columns that form the frame carry vertical loads, and the bracing system carries the lateral loads. The positioning of braces, however, can be problematic as they can interfere with the design of the façade and the position of openings. Buildings adopting high-tech or post-modernist styles have responded to this by expressing bracing as an internal or external design feature. lol

	= Bracing systems =		= Bracing systems =