Bio-plastics - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 09:44, 10 January 2023

2023-01-10T09:44:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:44, 10 January 2023
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−	[[File:~~Bioplastic corn banner 800~~.jpg]]	+	[[File:Bioplastic_corn_banner_800.jpg\|link=File:Bioplastic_corn_banner_800.jpg]]

−	Bio-plastics can ~~be both~~ made as thermoplastics but ~~also as thermosets and~~ as a relatively new field general understanding of ~~theit~~ potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are non-recyclable in the sense of the standard processes of recycling plastics, they are however bio-degradable over time ~~which one relate as~~ a form of recycling in that they return to their natural state.	+	= Introduction =
		+
		+	Bio-plastics can made as thermoplastics or thermosets, but as a relatively new field general understanding of their potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are non-recyclable in the sense of the standard processes of recycling plastics, they are however bio-degradable over time might be considered a form of recycling in that they return to their natural state.

	= Biobased biodegradable materials =		= Biobased biodegradable materials =

−	The ~~recent paper (~~2022) by Jan-Georg Rosenboom, Robert Langer & Giovanni Traverso [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00407-8 'Bio-plastics for a circular economy]" publish in Nature, ~~the authors describe~~ ‘bioplastic’ as a term used increasingly but often misunderstood. 'Bio-plastics are plastics that are either made from renewable resources (‘bio-based’), are biodegradable, are made through biological processes or a combination of these. Some biodegradable but fossil-based plastics are also referred to as bio-plastics, however, the use of this terminology is advised against, as it is misleading' the paper discusses.	+	The 2022 paper by Jan-Georg Rosenboom, Robert Langer & Giovanni Traverso [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00407-8 'Bio-plastics for a circular economy]" publish in Nature, describes ‘bioplastic’ as a term used increasingly but often misunderstood. 'Bio-plastics are plastics that are either made from renewable resources (‘bio-based’), are biodegradable, are made through biological processes or a combination of these. Some biodegradable but fossil-based plastics are also referred to as bio-plastics, however, the use of this terminology is advised against, as it is misleading' the paper discusses.

−	~~"~~Although most commercial plastics are made from fossil resources, these materials can also be made from renewableresources and are commonly referred to as bio-plastics. In this case, the monomers are extracted or synthesised from biomass compounds (such as sugars in plants) and then polymerised to either make a direct replacement for an existing plastic, such as polyethylene (PE), or novel polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Biomass extraction can also yield non-synthetic natural polymers, such as starch, natural rubber and proteins.~~"~~	+	'Although most commercial plastics are made from fossil resources, these materials can also be made from renewableresources and are commonly referred to as bio-plastics. In this case, the monomers are extracted or synthesised from biomass compounds (such as sugars in plants) and then polymerised to either make a direct replacement for an existing plastic, such as polyethylene (PE), or novel polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Biomass extraction can also yield non-synthetic natural polymers, such as starch, natural rubber and proteins.'

−	= Compostable ~~or Biodegradable~~ =	+	= Compostable vs biodegradable =

−	Whilst fossil fuel based plastics are degradable over time through sunlight and weathering they never fully return to a natural organic state, and thus remain a source of pollution,the leaching of chemicals and micro fragments into the environment. Bio-plastics bio-degrade over time, at varied but faster rates than fossil fuel based plastics leaving behind no toxins or residue. The time that it takes for the plastics to biodegrade relates to them either be defined as compostable ( degrading over a ~~metter~~ of months) or biodegradable ( somewhat longer - and ~~under~~ different processes).	+	Whilst fossil fuel based plastics are degradable over time through sunlight and weathering, they never fully return to a natural organic state, and thus remain a source of pollution, allowing the leaching of chemicals and micro fragments into the environment. Bio-plastics bio-degrade over time, at varied but faster rates than fossil fuel based plastics leaving behind no toxins or residue. The time that it takes for the plastics to biodegrade relates to them either being defined as compostable ( degrading over a matter of months) or biodegradable (somewhat longer - and by different processes).

−	Some bio-plastics are compostable in a similar way to organic matter and can be broken down by microorganisms, and will decompose into nutrient-rich biomass in less than 6 months, leaving behind no toxins or residue. However most bio-plastics are biodegradable, meaning they can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae into water, carbon dioxide, methane, ~~biomassand~~ inorganic compounds. In many cases bio-plastics that are biodegradable need to be treated in ~~industrialcompostingplants~~ or treatment centres, however the end result decomposes in the same way as compostable material.	+	Some bio-plastics are compostable in a similar way to organic matter and can be broken down by microorganisms, and will decompose into nutrient-rich biomass in less than 6 months leaving behind no toxins or residue. However most bio-plastics are biodegradable, meaning they can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae into water, carbon dioxide, methane, biomass and inorganic compounds. In many cases bio-plastics that are biodegradable need to be treated in industrial composting plants or treatment centres, however the end result decomposes in the same way as compostable material.

	= Bioplastic base materials =		= Bioplastic base materials =

−	There are a great number of ~~biobased~~ and bioplastic innovations being developed ~~here~~ are five ~~different~~ types of base material that are being used to create bio-plastics~~, though the list is not exhaustive.~~	+	There are a great number of bio-based and bioplastic innovations being developed. Below are five examples of common types of base material that are being used to create bio-plastics:

	== Starch-based bioplastic ==		== Starch-based bioplastic ==

−	Starch-based bioplastic (often corn starch) Often mixed with biodegradable polyesters to create small hard cases and food packaging.	+	Starch-based bioplastic (often corn starch). Often mixed with biodegradable polyesters to create small hard cases and food packaging.

	== Cellulose-based bioplastic ==		== Cellulose-based bioplastic ==

−	Cellulose-based bioplastic (cellulose esters and cellulose derivatives) can be used for films, moulded frames, ~~electronicdevices~~	+	Cellulose-based bioplastic (cellulose esters and cellulose derivatives) can be used for films, moulded frames, and electronic devices

	== Protein-based bioplastic ==		== Protein-based bioplastic ==
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	Protein-based bioplastic (wheat gluten, casein and milk) for food packaging and some development of films and coatings.		Protein-based bioplastic (wheat gluten, casein and milk) for food packaging and some development of films and coatings.

−	== Bio-derived ~~Polyethylene~~ ==	+	== Bio-derived polyethylene ==

−	Bio-derived ~~Polyethylene~~ (fermented raw agricultural materials such as sugarcane and corn) has been used to produce high density polyethylene for crates, trays, bottles and caps, as well industrial containers.	+	Bio-derived polyethylene (fermented raw agricultural materials such as sugarcane and corn) has been used to produce high density polyethylene for crates, trays, bottles and caps, as well industrial containers.

−	== Aliphatic ~~Polyesters~~ ==	+	== Aliphatic polyesters ==

−	Aliphatic ~~Polyesters~~, are mainly in development phase, sensitive to water, and can be mixed with other compounds. Bio-based polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxy valerate).	+	Aliphatic polyesters, are mainly in development phase, sensitive to water, and can be mixed with other compounds. Bio-based polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxy valerate).

	= Conclusions =		= Conclusions =

−	Bioplastics and ~~biobased~~ polymer materials are still a relatively new ~~filed~~ with many innovations developing, some examples are bioplastics created from avacado, banana peel, waste frying oi, rice as well as sugar and CO2. In terms of construction industry the growth of [https://carbonneutralcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/3.d.-Comms_Embodied-carbon_Biobased_Factsheets.pdf?ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_12_15_2022_14_4) bio-based materials] ~~aswell~~ as developments in bioplastics are key areas to watch.	+	Bioplastics and bio-based polymer materials are still a relatively new field with many innovations developing, some examples are bioplastics created from avacado, banana peel, waste frying oil, rice as well as sugar and CO2. In terms of construction industry the growth of [https://carbonneutralcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/3.d.-Comms_Embodied-carbon_Biobased_Factsheets.pdf?ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_12_15_2022_14_4) bio-based materials] as well as developments in bioplastics are key areas to watch.

−	== Related articles on Designing Buildings ==	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =

	* Biogenic.		* Biogenic.

Editor at 20:43, 3 January 2023

2023-01-03T20:43:58Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:43, 3 January 2023
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		+	[[File:Bioplastic corn banner 800.jpg]]
		+
	Bio-plastics can be both made as thermoplastics but also as thermosets and as a relatively new field general understanding of theit potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are non-recyclable in the sense of the standard processes of recycling plastics, they are however bio-degradable over time which one relate as a form of recycling in that they return to their natural state.		Bio-plastics can be both made as thermoplastics but also as thermosets and as a relatively new field general understanding of theit potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are non-recyclable in the sense of the standard processes of recycling plastics, they are however bio-degradable over time which one relate as a form of recycling in that they return to their natural state.

Editor at 20:39, 3 January 2023

2023-01-03T20:39:54Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:39, 3 January 2023
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	== Related articles on Designing Buildings ==		== Related articles on Designing Buildings ==

−	* Glass reinforced plastic GRP	+	* Biogenic.
−	* Glass fibre reinforced plastic	+	* Biobased materials.
−	* Polycarbonate plastic	+	* Glass reinforced plastic GRP.
−	* Plastic cladding	+	* Glass fibre reinforced plastic.
−	* Plastic coating market	+	* Polycarbonate plastic.
−	* Plastic in construction	+	* Plastic cladding.
−	* Plastic in concrete	+	* Plastic coating market.
−	* Recycled plastic bridges	+	* Plastic in construction.
−	* Wood plastic composites market for construction	+	* Plastic in concrete.
		+	* Recycled plastic bridges.
		+	* Types of biobased materials.
		+	* Wood plastic composites market for construction.

	[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]		[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Editor: Created page with "Bio-plastics can be both made as thermoplastics but also as thermosets and as a relatively new field general understanding of theit potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are n..."

2023-01-03T19:44:37Z

Created page with "Bio-plastics can be both made as thermoplastics but also as thermosets and as a relatively new field general understanding of theit potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are n..."

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Bio-plastics can be both made as thermoplastics but also as thermosets and as a relatively new field general understanding of theit potential is often limited. Bio-plastics are non-recyclable in the sense of the standard processes of recycling plastics, they are however bio-degradable over time which one relate as a form of recycling in that they return to their natural state.

= Biobased biodegradable materials =

The recent paper (2022) by Jan-Georg Rosenboom, Robert Langer & Giovanni Traverso [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41578-021-00407-8 'Bio-plastics for a circular economy]" publish in Nature, the authors describe ‘bioplastic’ as a term used increasingly but often misunderstood. 'Bio-plastics are plastics that are either made from renewable resources (‘bio-based’), are biodegradable, are made through biological processes or a combination of these. Some biodegradable but fossil-based plastics are also referred to as bio-plastics, however, the use of this terminology is advised against, as it is misleading' the paper discusses.

"Although most commercial plastics are made from fossil resources, these materials can also be made from renewableresources and are commonly referred to as bio-plastics. In this case, the monomers are extracted or synthesised from biomass compounds (such as sugars in plants) and then polymerised to either make a direct replacement for an existing plastic, such as polyethylene (PE), or novel polymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Biomass extraction can also yield non-synthetic natural polymers, such as starch, natural rubber and proteins."

= Compostable or Biodegradable =

Whilst fossil fuel based plastics are degradable over time through sunlight and weathering they never fully return to a natural organic state, and thus remain a source of pollution,the leaching of chemicals and micro fragments into the environment. Bio-plastics bio-degrade over time, at varied but faster rates than fossil fuel based plastics leaving behind no toxins or residue. The time that it takes for the plastics to biodegrade relates to them either be defined as compostable ( degrading over a metter of months) or biodegradable ( somewhat longer - and under different processes).

Some bio-plastics are compostable in a similar way to organic matter and can be broken down by microorganisms, and will decompose into nutrient-rich biomass in less than 6 months, leaving behind no toxins or residue. However most bio-plastics are biodegradable, meaning they can be broken down by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae into water, carbon dioxide, methane, biomassand inorganic compounds. In many cases bio-plastics that are biodegradable need to be treated in industrialcompostingplants or treatment centres, however the end result decomposes in the same way as compostable material.

= Bioplastic base materials =

There are a great number of biobased and bioplastic innovations being developed here are five different types of base material that are being used to create bio-plastics, though the list is not exhaustive.

== Starch-based bioplastic ==

Starch-based bioplastic (often corn starch) Often mixed with biodegradable polyesters to create small hard cases and food packaging.

== Cellulose-based bioplastic ==

Cellulose-based bioplastic (cellulose esters and cellulose derivatives) can be used for films, moulded frames, electronicdevices

== Protein-based bioplastic ==

Protein-based bioplastic (wheat gluten, casein and milk) for food packaging and some development of films and coatings.

== Bio-derived Polyethylene ==

Bio-derived Polyethylene (fermented raw agricultural materials such as sugarcane and corn) has been used to produce high density polyethylene for crates, trays, bottles and caps, as well industrial containers.

== Aliphatic Polyesters ==

Aliphatic Polyesters, are mainly in development phase, sensitive to water, and can be mixed with other compounds. Bio-based polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), and poly(3-hydroxy valerate).

= Conclusions =

Bioplastics and biobased polymer materials are still a relatively new filed with many innovations developing, some examples are bioplastics created from avacado, banana peel, waste frying oi, rice as well as sugar and CO2. In terms of construction industry the growth of [https://carbonneutralcities.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/3.d.-Comms_Embodied-carbon_Biobased_Factsheets.pdf?ct=t(EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_12_15_2022_14_4) bio-based materials] aswell as developments in bioplastics are key areas to watch.

== Related articles on Designing Buildings ==

* Glass reinforced plastic GRP
* Glass fibre reinforced plastic
* Polycarbonate plastic
* Plastic cladding
* Plastic coating market
* Plastic in construction
* Plastic in concrete
* Recycled plastic bridges
* Wood plastic composites market for construction

[[Category:DCN_Definition]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]] [[Category:Definitions]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Sustainability]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]