BS 9999 Automatic sprinkler design compensation benefits - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 11:58, 15 December 2021

2021-12-15T11:58:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:58, 15 December 2021
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	This article was originally published as part of ~~[http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/~~ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), published in September 2017.	+	This article was originally published as part of The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design, an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), published in September 2017.

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =
Line 755:		Line 755:

	-----		-----
−	This article was originally published as part of ~~[http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/~~ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance(BSA), published in September 2017.	+	This article was originally published as part of The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design, an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance(BSA), published in September 2017.

	--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance\|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]		--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance\|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]

−	~~= Find out more =~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings =
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings ~~Wiki ==~~=	+

	* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.		* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.

Designing Buildings at 09:04, 13 November 2020

2020-11-13T09:04:26Z

Show changes

Designing Buildings at 06:45, 27 December 2017

2017-12-27T06:45:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:45, 27 December 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance(BSA), published in September 2017.	+	This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance (BSA), published in September 2017.

	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

−	BS 9999 provides an advanced and flexible approach in building design; it describes a risk-based approach where designers can take into account design benefits such as the inclusion of automatic sprinklers. Within BS 9999, buildings are rated on their risk to life in the event of a fire by assigning risk profiles to classify the building in terms of occupant characteristics (Table 4-2) and fire growth rates (Table 4-3).	+	BS 9999 provides an advanced and flexible approach in building design; it describes a risk-based approach where designers can take into account design benefits such as the inclusion of automatic sprinklers.
		+
		+	Within BS 9999, buildings are rated on their risk to life in the event of a fire by assigning risk profiles to classify the building in terms of occupant characteristics (Table 4-2) and fire growth rates (Table 4-3).

	Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics		Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics
Line 94:		Line 96:
	\|Category		\|Category
	\|Fire growth rate [A]		\|Fire growth rate [A]
−	\|Fire growth parameter [C] kJ/s3	+	\|Fire growth parameter [C] kJ/s³
	\|Description		\|Description
	\|Typical examples [B]		\|Typical examples [B]
Line 113:		Line 115:
	\|Fast		\|Fast
	\|0.047		\|0.047
−	\|Stacked combustibles (on or off racking and shelving but excluding high rack storage), some small quantities of materials other than materials of limited combustibility D) (or where larger quantities are stored in separate fire resisting enclosures), process, manufacturing or storage of combustible materials	+	\|Stacked combustibles (on or off racking and shelving but excluding high rack storage), some small quantities of materials other than materials of limited combustibility [D] (or where larger quantities are stored in separate fire resisting enclosures), process, manufacturing or storage of combustible materials
	\|Shop sales areas [F], workshops, factories and small storage buildings		\|Shop sales areas [F], workshops, factories and small storage buildings
	\|-		\|-
Line 132:		Line 134:
	* [H] This is a worst case assumption. Combustibility, quantity and the way in which goods (including packaging) are stored should be taken into account and the risk category amended accordingly.		* [H] This is a worst case assumption. Combustibility, quantity and the way in which goods (including packaging) are stored should be taken into account and the risk category amended accordingly.

−	Automatic sprinkler systems can provide an efficient means of fire control within a building compartment. Consequently, the installation of an automatic sprinkler system throughout a building allows the fire growth rates that are determined to be reduced by one category. E.g. an industrial premises containing stacked cardboard boxes and wooden pallets, and occupants who are familiar with the building receives a risk profile of A3. The inclusion of an automatic sprinkler system reduces the risk profile to A2. The extent of fire safety measures and design features required in a building is proportional to the risk profile. By reducing the risk as a result of installing an automatic sprinkler system, fewer additional safety measures are required. Where only part of a building contains automatic sprinklers, only the areas that are covered may be subject to a risk category reduction. Corridors and linking spaces from sprinklered rooms should also be covered by sprinklers, or separated by fire resisting construction.	+	Automatic sprinkler systems can provide an efficient means of fire control within a building compartment. Consequently, the installation of an automatic sprinkler system throughout a building allows the fire growth rates that are determined to be reduced by one category. E.g. an industrial premises containing stacked cardboard boxes and wooden pallets, and occupants who are familiar with the building receives a risk profile of A3. The inclusion of an automatic sprinkler system reduces the risk profile to A2.
		+
		+	The extent of fire safety measures and design features required in a building is proportional to the risk profile. By reducing the risk as a result of installing an automatic sprinkler system, fewer additional safety measures are required.
		+
		+	Where only part of a building contains automatic sprinklers, only the areas that are covered may be subject to a risk category reduction. Corridors and linking spaces from sprinklered rooms should also be covered by sprinklers, or separated by fire resisting construction.

	= Building layout / means of escape =		= Building layout / means of escape =
Line 146:		Line 152:

	\|-		\|-
−	\| rowspan="2" \|	+	\| rowspan="1" \|
	Risk profile		Risk profile

Line 153:		Line 159:

	\|-		\|-
−	\|	+	\|
		+	\| colspan="2" \|
	Two-way travel		Two-way travel

Line 159:		Line 166:
	One-way travel		One-way travel

−	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
Line 262:		Line 268:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
−	~~C3B)~~	+	C3 [B]

	\| colspan="2" \|		\| colspan="2" \|
Line 533:		Line 539:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
−	A4[A]	+	A4 [A]

	\|		\|
Line 669:		Line 675:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
−	B4[A]	+	B4 [A]

	\|		\|
Line 771:		Line 777:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
−	C3[A]	+	C3 [A]

	\|		\|
Line 805:		Line 811:
	\|-		\|-
	\|		\|
−	C4[A]	+	C4 [A]

	\|		\|
Line 936:		Line 942:

	\|}		\|}
−	For example; a seven-storey office building (risk profile A2) with open-plan area of 1,~~200m2~~ per floor (200 ppl/floor).	+	For example; a seven-storey office building (risk profile A2) with open-plan area of 1,200m² per floor (200 ppl/floor).

	* Non-sprinklered – Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,200ppl x 2.2mm = 2,640mm		* Non-sprinklered – Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,200ppl x 2.2mm = 2,640mm
	* Sprinklered – The risk profile reduces to A1. Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1200ppl x 2.0mm = 2,400mm.		* Sprinklered – The risk profile reduces to A1. Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1200ppl x 2.0mm = 2,400mm.
−	* A reduction of 9% (240mm) in the width of stair is achieved when sprinklered. If multiplied by 10m (typical staircase length per storey) this gives an additional 2.~~4m2~~/floor of useable floor space.	+	* A reduction of 9% (240mm) in the width of stair is achieved when sprinklered. If multiplied by 10m (typical staircase length per storey) this gives an additional 2.4m²/floor of useable floor space.

−	Another example is a six-storey library building (risk profile B3) with floor area of 1,~~400m2~~ per floor (200 ppl/floor).	+	Another example is a six-storey library building (risk profile B3) with floor area of 1,²400m per floor (200 ppl/floor).

	* Non-sprinklered – Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,000ppl x 4.2mm = 4,200mm.		* Non-sprinklered – Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,000ppl x 4.2mm = 4,200mm.
	* Sprinklered – The risk profile reduces to B2. Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,000ppl x 2.6mm = 2,600mm.		* Sprinklered – The risk profile reduces to B2. Simultaneous evacuation strategy: the minimum width of the stairs would be 1,000ppl x 2.6mm = 2,600mm.
−	* A reduction of 38% (1,600mm) in the width of stair is achieved when sprinklered. If multiplied by 10m (typical staircase length per storey) this gives an additional ~~16m2~~/floor of useable floor space.	+	* A reduction of 38% (1,600mm) in the width of stair is achieved when sprinklered. If multiplied by 10m (typical staircase length per storey) this gives an additional 16m²/floor of useable floor space.

	= Fire fighting access =		= Fire fighting access =
Line 958:		Line 964:
	= Fire spread and compartmentation =		= Fire spread and compartmentation =

−	BS 99994 states that radiation emitted from a building is halved by the action of automatic sprinklers and allows separation distances to be halved and unprotected areas to be doubled if automatic sprinklers are installed. Compartments should be limited in size according to the risk profile of the building (Table 4-8). The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile by one category and reduces the limits on compartment sizes.	+	BS 99994 states that radiation emitted from a building is halved by the action of automatic sprinklers and allows separation distances to be halved and unprotected areas to be doubled if automatic sprinklers are installed.
		+
		+	Compartments should be limited in size according to the risk profile of the building (Table 4-8). The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile by one category and reduces the limits on compartment sizes.

	Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area		Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area
Line 980:		Line 988:

	\|		\|
−	Maximum floor area m2	+	Maximum floor area m²

	\|		\|
Line 986:		Line 994:

	\|		\|
−	Maximum area of any floor m2	+	Maximum area of any floor m²

	\|-		\|-
Line 1,009:		Line 1,017:

	\|		\|
−	<30 30	+	<30 greater than or equal to 30

	\|		\|
Line 1,022:		Line 1,030:

	\|		\|
−	<18 18 to 30 30	+	<18 18 to 30 greater than or equal to 30

	\|		\|
Line 1,074:		Line 1,082:

	\|		\|
−	<30 30	+	<30 greater than or equal to 30

	\|		\|
Line 1,181:		Line 1,189:
	* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.		* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.

−	[[Category:Regulations]]	+	[[Category:Regulations]] [[Category:DCN_Regulation]]

Designing Buildings: Protected "BS 9999 Automatic sprinkler design compensation benefits" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

2017-12-26T16:28:07Z

Protected "BS 9999 Automatic sprinkler design compensation benefits" ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))

← Older revision

Revision as of 16:28, 26 December 2017

Designing Buildings at 16:24, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T16:24:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 26 December 2017
Line 6:		Line 6:

	Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics		Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics
−
−
−
−


Line 143:		Line 139:

	Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances		Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances
−
−
−
−


Line 293:		Line 285:

	\|}		\|}
−	~~<br />~~	+	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.
−	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.	+

	Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths		Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths
−
−
−
−


Line 402:		Line 389:

	Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths		Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths
−
−
−
−


Line 866:		Line 849:

	Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999		Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999
−
−
−
−


Line 975:		Line 954:
	= Passive structural fire protection =		= Passive structural fire protection =

−	~~PASSIVE STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION~~ Elements of structure should have a minimum period of fire resistance to maintain the integrity and insulation of the building so that occupants can escape. The resistance required depends on the risk profile of the building but principally provides the same guidance as ADB.	+	Elements of structure should have a minimum period of fire resistance to maintain the integrity and insulation of the building so that occupants can escape. The resistance required depends on the risk profile of the building but principally provides the same guidance as ADB.

	= Fire spread and compartmentation =		= Fire spread and compartmentation =
Line 982:		Line 961:

	Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area		Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area
−
−
−
−

Designing Buildings at 16:21, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T16:21:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:21, 26 December 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance(BSA), published in September 2017.
		+
	= Introduction =		= Introduction =

Line 4:		Line 6:

	Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics		Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics
		+
		+


Line 139:		Line 143:

	Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances		Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances
		+
		+


Line 287:		Line 293:

	\|}		\|}
		+	<br />
		+	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.

		+	Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths

−	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.

−	~~Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths~~


Line 395:		Line 402:

	Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths		Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths
		+
		+


Line 857:		Line 866:

	Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999		Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999
		+
		+


Line 971:		Line 982:

	Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area		Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area
		+
		+


Line 1,159:		Line 1,172:
	* [A] These categories are outside the scope of the standard.		* [A] These categories are outside the scope of the standard.
	* [B] Risk profile C3 is unacceptable under many circumstances unless special precautions are taken.		* [B] Risk profile C3 is unacceptable under many circumstances unless special precautions are taken.
		+
		+	= References =

	[4] For larger buildings BR187 External fire spread: building separation and boundary distances provides more detailed guidance.		[4] For larger buildings BR187 External fire spread: building separation and boundary distances provides more detailed guidance.
		+
		+	-----
		+	This article was originally published as part of [http://www.business-sprinkler-alliance.org/publications/impact-automatic-sprinklers-building-design-wsp/ The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design], an independent report produced by WSP, sponsored by the Business Sprinkler Alliance(BSA), published in September 2017.
		+
		+	--[[User:Business_Sprinkler_Alliance\|Business Sprinkler Alliance]]
		+
		+	= Find out more =
		+
		+	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===
		+
		+	* Automatic fire sprinkler systems: A good practice guide.
		+	* Automatic sprinkler system design and operation.
		+	* Business Sprinkler Alliance.
		+	* Case study A for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
		+	* Case study B for offices to show where automatic sprinklers have the greatest impact.
		+	* Costs of water automatic sprinkler systems.
		+	* Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.
		+	* Drenchers.
		+	* Fire detection and alarm system.
		+	* Fire detector.
		+	* Fire in buildings.
		+	* Fire protection engineering.
		+	* Fire safety design.
		+	* Overview of automatic sprinkler system design and operation
		+	* Sprinkler systems explained: A guide to sprinkler installation standards and rules.
		+	* Sprinklers.
		+	* The cost efficiency of different combinations of fire protection measures.
		+	* The impact of automatic sprinklers on building design.
		+	* Watermist systems for fire protection in domestic and residential buildings DG 534.
		+
		+	[[Category:Regulations]]

Designing Buildings at 16:18, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T16:18:16Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:18, 26 December 2017
Line 4:		Line 4:

	Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics		Table 4-2 BS 9999 occupant characteristics
		+
		+


Line 137:		Line 139:

	Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances		Table 4-4 BS 9999 maximum permissible travel distances
		+
		+


Line 283:		Line 287:

	\|}		\|}
−	~~<br />~~	+
−	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.	+
		+	E.g. A building rated B3 has a maximum permissible one-way travel distance of 16 m and two-way travel distance of 40 m. The provision of automatic sprinklers reduces the risk profile to B2, allowing one-way travel distances up to 20 m and two-way travel distance up to 50 m.

	Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths		Table 4-5 BS 9999 Minimum permissible door widths
		+
		+


Line 388:		Line 395:

	Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths		Table 4-6 BS 9999: minimum permissible stair widths
		+
		+


Line 848:		Line 857:

	Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999		Table 4-7 Impact of sprinklers on the variation of stair widths in BS 9999
		+
		+


Line 949:		Line 960:
	= Fire fighting access =		= Fire fighting access =

−	BS 9999 provides the same concession as ADB in regards to the impact of providing automatic sprinklers on the number of firefighting shafts and basement smoke ventilation discussed earlier (see ~~section 4~~.3)	+	BS 9999 provides the same concession as ADB in regards to the impact of providing automatic sprinklers on the number of firefighting shafts and basement smoke ventilation discussed earlier (see Design benefits of automatic sprinkler systems granted under approved document B.)

	= Passive structural fire protection =		= Passive structural fire protection =
Line 960:		Line 971:

	Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area		Table 4-8 BS 9999 – maximum permissible building height and floor area
		+
		+


Line 1,145:		Line 1,158:
	\|}		\|}
	* [A] These categories are outside the scope of the standard.		* [A] These categories are outside the scope of the standard.
−	* [B] Risk profile C3 is unacceptable under many circumstances unless special precautions are taken. [4] For larger buildings BR187 External fire spread: building separation and boundary distances provides more detailed guidance.	+	* [B] Risk profile C3 is unacceptable under many circumstances unless special precautions are taken.
		+
		+	[4] For larger buildings BR187 External fire spread: building separation and boundary distances provides more detailed guidance.

Designing Buildings at 16:14, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T16:14:57Z

Show changes

Designing Buildings at 15:59, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T15:59:57Z

Show changes

Designing Buildings at 15:56, 26 December 2017

2017-12-26T15:56:55Z

Show changes