Adaptive structures - Revision history

Designing Buildings at 05:58, 1 April 2022

2022-04-01T05:58:03Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:58, 1 April 2022
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	* Types of structural load.		* Types of structural load.

−	[[Category:DCN_Education_and_Training]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Construction_techniques~~]] [[Category:Products_/_components~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Education_and_Training]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]]

Editor at 18:19, 2 October 2020

2020-10-02T18:19:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:19, 2 October 2020
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	* Concrete-steel composite structures.		* Concrete-steel composite structures.
	* Elements of structure in buildings.		* Elements of structure in buildings.
		+	* Exoskeleton.
	* Limit state design.		* Limit state design.
	* Long span roof.		* Long span roof.
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	* Types of structural load.		* Types of structural load.

−	[[Category:~~Research_/_Innovation~~]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:~~Standards_~~/~~_measurements~~]] [[Category:~~DCN_Standard~~]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components~~]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge~~]]	+	[[Category:DCN_Education_and_Training]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]

Designing Buildings at 14:14, 13 December 2019

2019-12-13T14:14:34Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:14, 13 December 2019
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	These experimental results confirmed that the adaptive structures design method, and adaptive structures in general, could save substantial material mass and total energy compared to equivalent passive structures.		These experimental results confirmed that the adaptive structures design method, and adaptive structures in general, could save substantial material mass and total energy compared to equivalent passive structures.

−	~~You can find out more [http://www.buildingcentre.co.uk/exhibitions/adaptive-structures here].~~	+	= Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki =
−		+
−	~~= Find out more =~~	+
−		+
−	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===	+

	* Actuator.		* Actuator.
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	* Types of structural load.		* Types of structural load.

−	[[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]]	+	[[Category:Research_/_Innovation]] [[Category:DCN_Research,_Development_and_Innovation]] [[Category:Standards_/_measurements]] [[Category:DCN_Standard]] [[Category:Construction_techniques]] [[Category:Products_/_components]] [[Category:DCN_Product_Knowledge]]

Designing Buildings at 13:29, 4 May 2018

2018-05-04T13:29:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:29, 4 May 2018
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	* Actuator.		* Actuator.
	* Biaxial bending.		* Biaxial bending.
−	* ~~Braced frame~~.	+	* BREEAM Functional adaptability.
	* Bridge construction.		* Bridge construction.
	* Cantilever.		* Cantilever.

Editor at 11:57, 7 February 2017

2017-02-07T11:57:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:57, 7 February 2017
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	* Mesh mould metal.		* Mesh mould metal.
	* Structural engineer.		* Structural engineer.
		+	* Structural modeling and analysis.
	* Structural steelwork.		* Structural steelwork.
	* The design of temporary structures and wind adjacent to tall buildings.		* The design of temporary structures and wind adjacent to tall buildings.

Editor at 12:20, 13 September 2016

2016-09-13T12:20:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:20, 13 September 2016
Line 47:		Line 47:
	* Concrete-steel composite structures.		* Concrete-steel composite structures.
	* Elements of structure in buildings.		* Elements of structure in buildings.
		+	* Limit state design.
	* Long span roof.		* Long span roof.
	* Major cast metal components.		* Major cast metal components.

Editor at 10:17, 12 September 2016

2016-09-12T10:17:59Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:17, 12 September 2016
Line 49:		Line 49:
	* Long span roof.		* Long span roof.
	* Major cast metal components.		* Major cast metal components.
		+	* Mesh mould metal.
	* Structural engineer.		* Structural engineer.
	* Structural steelwork.		* Structural steelwork.

Editor at 14:33, 2 September 2016

2016-09-02T14:33:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:33, 2 September 2016
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	=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===		=== Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki ===

		+	* Actuator.
	* Biaxial bending.		* Biaxial bending.
	* Braced frame.		* Braced frame.

Designing Buildings at 13:36, 2 September 2016

2016-09-02T13:36:16Z

Editor at 10:43, 2 September 2016

2016-09-02T10:43:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:43, 2 September 2016
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−	[[File:Adaptive1.JPG\|~~800px~~]]	+	[[File:Adaptive1.JPG\|link=File:Adaptive1.JPG]]

	On 1st September 2016, Designing Buildings Wiki attended a panel discussion at The Building Centre as part of the Adaptive Structures exhibition.		On 1st September 2016, Designing Buildings Wiki attended a panel discussion at The Building Centre as part of the Adaptive Structures exhibition.
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	He discussed how the prototype could be adapted to structures such as portal frames, arch bridges, doubly curved vaults, spatial trusses, exoskeleton structures like The Gherkin, and so on.		He discussed how the prototype could be adapted to structures such as portal frames, arch bridges, doubly curved vaults, spatial trusses, exoskeleton structures like The Gherkin, and so on.

−	[[File:Adaptive3.JPG\|~~800px~~]]	+	[[File:Adaptive3.JPG\|link=File:Adaptive3.JPG]]

	The prototype structure is a 6,000 mm (length) x 800 mm (width) x 160 mm (depth) cantilevered truss with a 37.5:1 span-to-depth ratio.		The prototype structure is a 6,000 mm (length) x 800 mm (width) x 160 mm (depth) cantilevered truss with a 37.5:1 span-to-depth ratio.
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	The structure consists of 45 passive steel members and 10 electric linear actuators strategically positioned within the diagonal members which will be under tension. The structure is designed to support its own (dead load) weight (102kg including actuators and cladding), plus a live load of 100kg at the tip of the cantilever.		The structure consists of 45 passive steel members and 10 electric linear actuators strategically positioned within the diagonal members which will be under tension. The structure is designed to support its own (dead load) weight (102kg including actuators and cladding), plus a live load of 100kg at the tip of the cantilever.

−	[[File:Adaptive2.JPG\|~~800px~~]]	+	[[File:Adaptive2.JPG\|link=File:Adaptive2.JPG]]

	The frame is fully instrumental to monitor stress in the passive members, the deflected shape, and the operational energy consumed by the active elements. The passive steel members in the truss have been sized to prevent collapse, but instead of adding more material, a state-of-the-art control system governs the more onerous requirements of deflection and movement. Due to the fail-safe nature of the actuators, if the power is cut, the actuators simply stop moving with no compromise of load carrying capacity.		The frame is fully instrumental to monitor stress in the passive members, the deflected shape, and the operational energy consumed by the active elements. The passive steel members in the truss have been sized to prevent collapse, but instead of adding more material, a state-of-the-art control system governs the more onerous requirements of deflection and movement. Due to the fail-safe nature of the actuators, if the power is cut, the actuators simply stop moving with no compromise of load carrying capacity.
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	* Braced frame.		* Braced frame.
	* Bridge construction.		* Bridge construction.
		+	* Cantilever.
	* Concept structural design of buildings.		* Concept structural design of buildings.
	* Concrete-steel composite structures.		* Concrete-steel composite structures.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 2 September 2016
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	On 1st September 2016, Designing Buildings Wiki attended a panel discussion at The Building Centre as part of the Adaptive Structures exhibition.		On 1st September 2016, Designing Buildings Wiki attended a panel discussion at The Building Centre as part of the Adaptive Structures exhibition.

−	Designing strength into buildings to prevent collapse has been the underlying tenet of structural engineering since before the ancient Egyptians built the first pyramids. A second fundamental principle, which appears in all modern design codes, is to build structures that are stiff enough to prevent excessive movement and deformation under statistically-calculated worst-case loads, such as high winds, heavy snow, large crowds, and so on. This is not really a question of safety, rather it is about the usability of structures and comfort of the user, termed ‘serviceability’ requirements.	+	Designing strength into buildings to prevent collapse has been the underlying tenet of structural engineering since before the ancient Egyptians built the first pyramids. A second fundamental principle, which appears in all modern design codes, is to build structures that are stiff enough to prevent excessive movement and deformation under statistically-calculated worst-case loads, such as high winds, heavy snow, large crowds, and so on. This is not really a question of safety, rather it is about the usability of structures and the comfort of the user, termed ‘serviceability’ requirements.
−		+
−	~~Despite huge technological advancements, the way everyday building structures are designed has not changed fundamentally for over a century~~.	+

	Adaptive structures are designed by separating the two engineering principles using conventional structural materials for safety (a passive system) and another (active) system to control movements, thereby maintaining comfort and usability.		Adaptive structures are designed by separating the two engineering principles using conventional structural materials for safety (a passive system) and another (active) system to control movements, thereby maintaining comfort and usability.

−	Ed McCann, director of Expedition Engineering, and Gennaro Senatore of University College London, began by explaining their recent collaboration on adaptive structures ~~that~~ unlike conventional structures, can successfully change their shape to prevent excessive movement ~~caused by loads~~. They claimed that super-slender structures could now be ~~achieved~~ that use much less material, less whole-life energy and achieve very high levels of performance. But the question remains as to whether this is practical in the real world?	+	Ed McCann, director of Expedition Engineering, and Gennaro Senatore of University College London, began by explaining their recent collaboration on adaptive structures, which unlike conventional structures, can successfully change their shape to prevent excessive movement under load. They claimed that super-slender structures could now be created that use much less material, less whole-life energy and achieve very high levels of performance. But the question remains as to whether this is practical in the real world?

	Senatore explained how he developed a high performance structure that was capable of counteracting loads actively by means of actuators, sensors and control intelligence. Using these methods, a full-scale prototype was developed, in the form of a very slender space truss with embedded sensors and actuators, which performed successfully as predicted.		Senatore explained how he developed a high performance structure that was capable of counteracting loads actively by means of actuators, sensors and control intelligence. Using these methods, a full-scale prototype was developed, in the form of a very slender space truss with embedded sensors and actuators, which performed successfully as predicted.
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	The prototype structure is a 6,000 mm (length) x 800 mm (width) x 160 mm (depth) cantilevered truss with a 37.5:1 span-to-depth ratio.		The prototype structure is a 6,000 mm (length) x 800 mm (width) x 160 mm (depth) cantilevered truss with a 37.5:1 span-to-depth ratio.

−	This degree of slenderness is ~~simply~~ not possible with conventional structural solutions (a ratio of 12:1 might be expected for conventional trusses, and 20:1 for conventional steel beams). This could allow for slender structures to be built in limited space, whether due to refurbishment, architectural desire, constraints on height, or limited footprints for tall buildings.	+	This degree of slenderness is not possible with conventional structural solutions (a ratio of 12:1 might be expected for conventional trusses, and 20:1 for conventional steel beams). This could allow for slender structures to be built in limited space, whether due to refurbishment, architectural desire, constraints on height, or limited footprints for tall buildings.

−	The structure consists of 45 passive steel members and 10 electric linear actuators strategically positioned within ~~the~~ diagonal members which ~~will be~~ under tension. The structure is designed to support its own (dead load) weight (102kg including actuators and cladding), plus a live load of 100kg at the tip of the cantilever.	+	The structure consists of 45 passive steel members and 10 electric linear actuators strategically positioned within diagonal members which are under tension. The structure is designed to support its own (dead load) weight (102kg including actuators and cladding), plus a live load of 100kg at the tip of the cantilever.

	[[File:Adaptive2.JPG\|link=File:Adaptive2.JPG]]		[[File:Adaptive2.JPG\|link=File:Adaptive2.JPG]]

−	The frame is fully ~~instrumental~~ to monitor stress in the passive members, the deflected shape, and the operational energy consumed by the active elements. The passive steel members in the truss have been sized to prevent collapse, but instead of adding more material, a state-of-the-art control system governs the more onerous requirements of deflection and movement. Due to the fail-safe nature of the actuators, if the power is cut, the actuators simply stop moving with no compromise of load carrying capacity.	+	The frame is fully instrumented to monitor stress in the passive members, the deflected shape, and the operational energy consumed by the active elements. The passive steel members in the truss have been sized to prevent collapse, but instead of adding more material, a state-of-the-art control system governs the more onerous requirements of deflection and movement. Due to the fail-safe nature of the actuators, if the power is cut, the actuators simply stop moving with no compromise of load carrying capacity.

	In order to validate the performance of the prototype, load tests were carried out by placing weights ranging from 10kg to 100kg at the cantilever tip. The operational energy use was measured by monitoring the power being consumed by the actuators and the control hardware during load/displacement control.		In order to validate the performance of the prototype, load tests were carried out by placing weights ranging from 10kg to 100kg at the cantilever tip. The operational energy use was measured by monitoring the power being consumed by the actuators and the control hardware during load/displacement control.